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61 results for “Acanthomorpha”
FIG. 2. — Capros arambourgi n in A new species of Caproidae (Acanthomorpha, Teleostei) from the Messinian (upper Miocene) of Oran (Algeria)
FIG. 2. — Capros arambourgi n. sp., counterpart of holotype (MNHN ORA 85 G), Messinian of Raz-el-Aïn, Oran. Scale bar: 10 mm.
FIG. 1. — Capros arambourgi n in A new species of Caproidae (Acanthomorpha, Teleostei) from the Messinian (upper Miocene) of Oran (Algeria)
FIG. 1. — Capros arambourgi n. sp., holotype (MNHN ORA 85 D), Messinian of Raz-el-Aïn, Oran. Scale bar: 10 mm.
FIG. 3. — Capros arambourgi n in A new species of Caproidae (Acanthomorpha, Teleostei) from the Messinian (upper Miocene) of Oran (Algeria)
FIG. 3. — Capros arambourgi n. sp., reconstruction of the skeleton based on the holotype and referred specimens, scales omitted.
Data from: Mosaic adaptive peak shifts underlie body shape diversification in Pelagiaria fishes (Acanthomorpha: Percomorpha)
<p>Extreme body elongation in fishes is a major evolutionary transformation that extends the boundaries of morphological diversity and alters aspects of function, behavior, and ecology. Prior studies have identified features of the cranial and axial skeleton that characterize elongate fishes, but a lack of detailed reconstructions of anatomical evolution has limited inferences about factors that underlie major shifts in body shape. In this study, we fit multi-peak adaptive (Ornstein-Uhlenbeck) evolutionary models to species body shape and anatomical dimensions in Pelagiaria, a radiation of open-ocean fishes whose species span a continuum from deep-bodied to highly elongate. We inferred an ancestral fusiform adaptive peak that is retained by several major pelagiarian lineages (e.g., Scombridae) and found robust support for multiple transitions to deep-bodied (in the families Stromateidae, Bramidae, and Caristiidae) and elongate-bodied optima (within Trichiuroidei), including two instances of sequential shifts toward increasingly elongate optima that followed distinct paths of anatomical evolution. Within Trichiuridae, initial increases in head length and vertebral number were followed by changes in head and vertebral shape. Within an elongate-bodied subclade of taxa traditionally identified as 'gempylids', shifts in head and vertebral shape as well as number of precaudal vertebrae preceded an increase in number of caudal vertebrae. Altogether, this mosaic of anatomical peak shifts suggests that body shape transformations were associated with differing selective demands and developmental changes.</p>
Data from: Mosaic adaptive peak shifts underlie body shape diversification in Pelagiaria fishes (Acanthomorpha: Percomorpha)
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Data from: A phylogenomic framework for pelagiarian fishes (Acanthomorpha: Percomorpha) highlights mosaic radiation in the open ocean
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Data from: Temporal patterns of diversification across global cichlid biodiversity (Acanthomorpha: Cichlidae)
The contrasting distribution of species diversity across the major lineages of cichlids makes them an ideal group for investigating macroevolutionary processes. In this study, we investigate whether different rates of diversification may explain the disparity in species richness across cichlid lineages globally. We present the most taxonomically robust time-calibrated hypothesis of cichlid evolutionary relationships to date. We then utilize this temporal framework to investigate whether both species-rich and depauperate lineages are associated with rapid shifts in diversification rates and if exceptional species richness can be explained by clade age alone. A single significant rapid rate shift increase is detected within the evolutionary history of the African subfamily Pseudocrenilabrinae, which includes the haplochromins of the East African Great Lakes. Several lineages from the subfamilies Pseudocrenilabrinae (Australotilapiini, Oreochromini) and Cichlinae (Heroini) exhibit exceptional species richness given their clade age, a net rate of diversification, and relative rates of extinction, indicating that clade age alone is not a sufficient explanation for their increased diversity. Our results indicate that the Neotropical Cichlinae includes lineages that have not experienced a significant rapid burst in diversification when compared to certain African lineages (rift lake). Neotropical cichlids have remained comparatively understudied with regard to macroevolutionary patterns relative to African lineages, and our results indicate that of Neotropical lineages, the tribe Heroini may have an elevated rate of diversification in contrast to other Neotropical cichlids. These findings provide insight into our understanding of the diversification patterns across taxonomically disparate lineages in this diverse clade of freshwater fishes and one of the most species-rich families of vertebrates.
FIGURE 3 in Thalasseleotrididae, new family of marine gobioid fishes from New Zealand and temperate Australia, with a revised definition of its sister taxon, the Gobiidae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha)
FIGURE 3. Lower part of left side first branchial arch and hyoid arch in dorsal view showing degree of development of gill membrane (white) in: A) the odontobutid Micropercops swinhonis, same specimen as in Fig. 1; B) the thalasseleotridid Grahamichthys radiatus, same specimen as in Fig. 1. Abbreviations: ACH, anterior ceratohyal; CB1, ceratobranchial 1; DHH, dorsal hypohyal; GM, gill membrane; HB1, hypobranchial 1; PCH, posterior ceratohyal; VHH, ventral hypohyal. Gill rakers not illustrated. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Thalasseleotrididae, new family of marine gobioid fishes from New Zealand and temperate Australia, with a revised definition of its sister taxon, the Gobiidae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha)
FIGURE 1. Ventral view of right ceratobranchial 5 of: A) the odontobutid Micropercops swinhonis (Günther), AMS I.27275, 42 mm SL; B) the thalasseleotridid Grahamichthys radiatus, AMS I.41350-001, 51.8 mm SL; C) the thalasseleotridid Thalasseleotris adela, AMS I.18241-035, 27.1 mm SL; D) the gobiine gobiid Lophogobius cyprinoides (Pallas), AMS uncat., 41 mm SL. Arrow in D points to ventral process; scale bars = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 6 in Thalasseleotrididae, new family of marine gobioid fishes from New Zealand and temperate Australia, with a revised definition of its sister taxon, the Gobiidae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha)
FIGURE 6. Dorsal view of left dorsal gill arches of: A) the odontobutid Perccottus glenii, same specimen as in Fig. 2; B) the thalasseleotridid Grahamichthys radiatus, same specimen as in Fig. 1; C) the thalasseleotridid Thalasseleotris adela, same specimen as in Fig. 1; D) the gobiine gobiid Callogobius maculipinnis (Fowler), MPM 45773, 31.6 mm SL. Abbreviations: IAC – interarcual cartilage; EB1–4, epibranchials 1–4; PB1–3, pharyngobranchials 1–3; PB4C, pharyngobranchial 4 cartilage; PB4TP, pharyngobranchial 4 toothplate. Gill rakers not illustrated. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Thalasseleotrididae, new family of marine gobioid fishes from New Zealand and temperate Australia, with a revised definition of its sister taxon, the Gobiidae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha)
FIGURE 5. Lateral view of left posterior ceratohyal and interhyal, and dorsal view of posterior ceratohyal with interhyal removed of: A) the odontobutid Perccottus glenii; B) the eleotridid Gobiomorus dormitor; C) the eleotridid Eleotris melanosoma; D) the eleotridid Dormitator latrifrons; E) the thalasseleotridid Thalasseleotris adela; F) the thalasseleotridid Grahamichthys radiata; G) the gobiine gobiid Gobius niger; H) the gobionelline gobiid Stenogobius zurstrasseni; I) the gobiine gobiid Valenciennea sexguttata. All specimens as in Fig. 4. Scale bars = 1 mm. AC, anterior ceratohyal; PC, posterior ceratohyal; IH, interhyal.
FIGURE 4 in Thalasseleotrididae, new family of marine gobioid fishes from New Zealand and temperate Australia, with a revised definition of its sister taxon, the Gobiidae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha)
FIGURE 4. Lateral (left) and dorso-lateral (right) views of left interhyal of: A) the odontobutid Perccottus glenii, same specimen as in Fig. 2; B) the eleotridid Gobiomorus dormitor, same specimen as in Fig. 2; C) the eleotridid Eleotris melanosoma, same specimen as in Fig. 2; D) the eleotridid Dormitator latrifrons (Richardson), ANSP 140703, 53.1 mm SL; E) the thalasseleotridid Thalasseleotris adela, same specimen as in Fig. 2; F) the thalasseleotridid Grahamichthys radiata, same specimen as in Fig. 2; G) the gobiine gobiid Gobius niger, same specimen as in Fig. 2; H) the gobionelline gobiid Stenogobius zurstrasseni (Popta), USNM 264770, 45.9 mm SL (right side reversed); I) the gobiine gobiid Valenciennea sexguttata (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes), MPM 43110, 55.5 mm SL. Arrows in E–I indicate cup-shaped process. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
FIG. 12 in A New Cryptic Species of Polymixia (Teleostei, Acanthomorpha, Polymixiiformes, Polymixiidae) Revealed by Molecules and Morphology
FIG. 12. Bathymetric map of the Bermuda Platform, Challenger Bank, and adjacent submarine slopes, with collecting localities for three species of Polymixia. ''P. sp. nov.'' denotes Polymixia hollisterae, new species, caught ''outside Eastern Blue Cut'' off the NW edge of the Bermuda Platform. The more frequently caught Polymixia lowei has only been taken in two areas off the SE shore of Bermuda, and the single known specimen of Polymixia nobilis was taken on the slope of Challenger Bank, 24 km (14 nautical miles) southwest of the Bermuda Islands. Base map by L. Doughty (BAMZ).
FIG. 13 in A New Cryptic Species of Polymixia (Teleostei, Acanthomorpha, Polymixiiformes, Polymixiidae) Revealed by Molecules and Morphology
FIG. 13. Results of the Principal Components Analysis of Procrustes coordinates for 34 landmarks from 27 adult specimens belonging to five species of Polymixia. (A) Wireframe representation of the 34 landmarks digitized for the analysis superimposed on an image of the holotype of Polymixia hollisterae, new species. (B) Graph of component scores for PC 1 and PC 2, showing evidence of the distinct body form of Polymixia hollisterae, new species. The four wireframe cartoons illustrate the variation along both principal axes in the analyzed species.
FIG. 11 in A New Cryptic Species of Polymixia (Teleostei, Acanthomorpha, Polymixiiformes, Polymixiidae) Revealed by Molecules and Morphology
FIG. 11. Drawing of the first anal-fin radial of the second paratype of Polymixia hollisterae, new species, MCZ 174218, north-central Gulf of Mexico, from lCT scan data. Note the nearly straight main shaft and the nearly horizontal anterior process, like those of the Bermuda holotype and paratype (Fig. 10C, D). These diagnostic traits confirm morphologically its correct identification to species. Abbreviations: see caption for Figure 9.
FIG. 10 in A New Cryptic Species of Polymixia (Teleostei, Acanthomorpha, Polymixiiformes, Polymixiidae) Revealed by Molecules and Morphology
FIG. 10. Drawings of first anal-fin proximal radials in selected species of Polymixia (compare with the radiographs in Fig. 9). (A) P. nobilis, ANSP 124292, 290 mm SL, Bermuda. (B) P. japonica, FMNH 63860-1, 153 mm SL, Sea of Japan. (C) P. hollisterae, new species, paratype, FMNH 145004, 185 mm SL, Bermuda. (D) P. hollisterae, new species, holotype, BAMZ 1997-159-006, 173 mm SL, Bermuda. (E) P. lowei, BAMZ 1989- 047-003, 210 mm SL. (F) P. lowei, BAMZ 1989-047-006, 226 mm SL. Compare with the radiographs in Figure 9. Abbreviations: see caption for Figure 9.
FIG. 8 in A New Cryptic Species of Polymixia (Teleostei, Acanthomorpha, Polymixiiformes, Polymixiidae) Revealed by Molecules and Morphology
FIG. 8. Summary of the patterns of interdigitation of dorsal proximal radials between neural spines in selected species and specimens of Polymixia. The number of radials between adjacent neural spines is shown beginning with neural spines 4 and 5 and ending at or before neural spines 22 and 23. Data are taken from whole-fish radiographs except for one cleared and stained specimen of P. nobilis.
FIG. 14 in A New Cryptic Species of Polymixia (Teleostei, Acanthomorpha, Polymixiiformes, Polymixiidae) Revealed by Molecules and Morphology
FIG. 14. Comparison of average proportions among adult specimens of five species of Polymixia, calculated using lengths derived from the morphometric landmark coordinates. Averages for each proportion and species are colored orange if they are the highest ratio among the five species and blue if they are the lowest in the comparison. Polymixia hollisterae, new species, has the greatest number of extreme values (12: 8 highest, 4 lowest) of the five species.
FIG. 7. X in A New Cryptic Species of Polymixia (Teleostei, Acanthomorpha, Polymixiiformes, Polymixiidae) Revealed by Molecules and Morphology
FIG. 7. X-radiographs of supraneurals and proximal dorsal radials in several species of Polymixia. (A–C, F) Polymixia nobilis. (A) FMNH 142335, 243 mm SL, Madeira. (B) FMNH 142336, 266 mm SL, Madeira. (C) FMNH 142337, 175 mm SL, Madeira. (F) ANSP 124292, 290 mm SL, Bermuda. (D) Polymixia hollisterae, new species, holotype, BAMZ 1997-159-006, 173 mm SL, Bermuda. (E) Polymixia hollisterae, new species, paratype, FMNH 145004, 185 mm SL, Bermuda. (G–I) Polymixia lowei. (G) BAMZ 1989-047-003, 210 mm SL, Bermuda. (H) BAMZ 1989-047-006, 226 mm SL, Bermuda. (I) USNM RAD 2126927. (J–L) Polymixia japonica, Sea of Japan. (J) FMNH 63860-1, 153 mm SL. (K) FMNH 63860-2, 144 mm SL. (L) FMNH 63860-3, 146 mm SL. Abbreviations: dr, dorsal-fin proximal radials (numbered); ds, dorsal-fin spines (numbered); dsr, dorsal-fin soft rays (numbered); ns, neural spines (numbered); sn, supraneurals (numbered).
FIG. 6 in A New Cryptic Species of Polymixia (Teleostei, Acanthomorpha, Polymixiiformes, Polymixiidae) Revealed by Molecules and Morphology
FIG. 6. Oblique views of the head of the type specimens of Polymixia hollisterae, new species. (A) Holotype, BAMZ 1997-159-006, 173 mm SL. (B) Bermuda paratype, FMNH 145004, 185 mm SL. Scale bars ¼ 1 cm. Note the sinuous band of teeth on the dentary in both specimens, and the broad band of teeth on the premaxilla.
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