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16 results for “Acinonyx jubatus jubatus”
Triangular mesh of the Brain of a Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)
<p>Triangular mesh of the Brain of a Cheetah (<i>Acinonyx jubatus</i>) from http://braincatalogue.org/Cheetah</p>
Data from: Methylation-based markers for the estimation of age in African Cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus
<p>This is a dataset for methylation analyses in cheetah done by EpiTYPER mass array.</p>
Data from: The distribution and numbers of cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) in southern Africa
Assessing the numbers and distribution of threatened species is a central challenge in conservation, often made difficult because the species of concern are rare and elusive. For some predators, this may be compounded by their being sparsely distributed over large areas. Such is the case with the cheetah Acinonyx jubatus. The IUCN Red List process solicits comments, is democratic, transparent, widely-used, and has recently assessed the species. Here, we present additional methods to that process and provide quantitative approaches that may afford greater detail and a benchmark against which to compare future assessments. The cheetah poses challenges, but also affords unique opportunities. It is photogenic, allowing the compilation of thousands of crowd-sourced data. It is also persecuted for killing livestock, enabling estimation of local population densities from the numbers persecuted. Documented instances of persecution in areas with known human and livestock density mean that these data can provide an estimate of where the species may or may not occur in areas without observational data. Compilations of extensive telemetry data coupled with nearly 20,000 additional observations from 39 sources show that free-ranging cheetahs were present across approximately 789,700 km2 of Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe (56%, 22%, 12% and 10% respectively) from 2010 to 2016, with an estimated adult population of 3,577 animals. We identified a further 742,800 km2 of potential cheetah habitat within the study region with low human and livestock densities, where another ∼3,250 cheetahs may occur. Unlike many previous estimates, we make the data available and provide explicit information on exactly where cheetahs occur, or are unlikely to occur. We stress the value of gathering data from public sources though these data were mostly from well-visited protected areas. There is a contiguous, transboundary population of cheetah in southern Africa, known to be the largest in the world. We suggest that this population is more threatened than believed due to the concentration of about 55% of free-ranging individuals in two ecoregions. This area overlaps with commercial farmland with high persecution risk; adult cheetahs were removed at the rate of 0.3 individuals per 100 km2 per year. Our population estimate for confirmed cheetah presence areas is 11% lower than the IUCN's current assessment for the same region, lending additional support to the recent call for the up-listing of this species from vulnerable to endangered status.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan of the Brain of a Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)
<p>Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan of the Brain of a Cheetah (<i>Acinonyx jubatus</i>) from http://braincatalogue.org/Cheetah</p>
Genomic analyses show extremely perilous conservation status of African and Asiatic cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)
<p><span>We live in a world characterised by biodiversity loss and global environmental change. The extinction of large carnivores can have ramifying effects on ecosystems like an uncontrolled increase in wild herbivores, which in turn can have knock-on impacts on vegetation regeneration and communities. Cheetahs (</span><em><span>Acinonyx jubatus</span></em><span>) serve important ecosystem functions as apex predators; </span><span>yet, they are quickly heading towards an uncertain future. Threatened by habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict, and illegal trafficking, there are only approximately 7,100 individuals remaining in nature. We present the most comprehensive genome-wide analysis of cheetah phylogeography and conservation genomics to date, assembling samples from nearly the entire current and past species' range. We show that their phylogeography is more complex than previously thought, and that East African cheetahs (<em>A. j. raineyi</em>) are genetically distinct from Southern African individuals (<em>A. j. jubatus</em>), warranting their recognition as a distinct subspecies. </span><span>We found strong genetic differentiation between all classically recognised subspecies, thus refuting earlier findings that cheetahs show only little differentiation. The strongest differentiation was </span><span>observed</span><span> between the Asiatic </span><span>and all the African subspecies.</span> <span>We detected high inbreeding in the Critically Endangered Iranian (<em>A. j. venaticus</em>) and North-western (<em>A. j. hecki</em>) subspecies, and show that overall cheetahs, along with snow leopards, have the lowest genome-wide heterozygosity of all the big cats. This further emphasizes the cheetah's perilous conservation status. Our results provide novel and important information on cheetah phylogeography that can support evidence-based conservation policy decisions to help protect this species. This is especially relevant in light of ongoing and proposed translocations across subspecies boundaries, and the increasing threats of illegal trafficking.</span></p>
A chromosome-scale high-contiguity genome assembly of the threatened cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)
<p><span>The cheetah (<em>Acinonyx</em> <em>jubatus</em>, SCHREBER 1775) is a large felid and is considered the fastest land animal. Historically, it inhabited open grassland across Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and southwestern Asia; however, only small and fragmented populations remain today. Here, we present a de novo genome assembly of the cheetah based on PacBio continuous long reads and Hi-C proximity ligation data. The final assembly (VMU_Ajub_asm_v1.0) has a total length of 2.38 Gb, of which 99.7% are anchored into the expected 19 chromosome-scale scaffolds. The contig and scaffold N50 values of 96.8 Mb and 144.4 Mb, respectively, a BUSCO completeness of 95.4% and a k-mer completeness of 98.4%, emphasize the high quality of the assembly. Furthermore, annotation of the assembly identified 23,622 genes and a repeat content of 40.4%. This new highly contiguous and chromosome-scale assembly will greatly benefit conservation and evolutionary genomic analyses and will be a valuable resource, e.g., to gain a detailed understanding of the function and diversity of immune response genes in felids.</span></p>
Data from: The distribution and numbers of cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) in southern Africa
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Genomic analyses show extremely perilous conservation status of African and Asiatic cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
A chromosome-scale high-contiguity genome assembly of the threatened cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Counting cats: spatially explicit population estimates of cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) using unstructured sampling data
Many ecological theories and species conservation programmes rely on accurate estimates of population density. Accurate density estimation, especially for species facing rapid declines, requires the application of rigorous field and analytical methods. However, obtaining accurate density estimates of carnivores can be challenging as carnivores naturally exist at relatively low densities and are often elusive and wide-ranging. In this study, we employ an unstructured spatial sampling field design along with a Bayesian sex-specific spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) analysis, to provide the first rigorous population density estimates of cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) in the Maasai Mara, Kenya. We estimate adult cheetah density to be between 1.22 ± 0.301 and 1.28 ± 0.322 individuals/100km2 across four candidate models specified in our analysis. Our spatially explicit approach revealed 'hotspots' of cheetah density, highlighting that cheetah are distributed heterogeneously across the landscape. The SECR models incorporated a movement range parameter which indicated that male cheetah moved four times as much as females, possibly because female movement was restricted by their reproductive status and/or the spatial distribution of prey. We show that SECR can be used for spatially unstructured data to successfully characterise the spatial distribution of a low density species and also estimate population density when sample size is small. Our sampling and modelling framework will help determine spatial and temporal variation in cheetah densities, providing a foundation for their conservation and management. Based on our results we encourage other researchers to adopt a similar approach in estimating densities of individually recognisable species.
Data from: Counting cats: spatially explicit population estimates of cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) using unstructured sampling data
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Data from: Serum amyloid A protein concentration in blood is influenced by genetic differences in the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)
Systemic amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among captive cheetahs. The self-aggregating AA protein responsible for this disease is a byproduct of serum amyloid A (SAA) protein degradation. Transcriptional induction of the SAA1 gene is dependent on both C/EBPβ and NF-κB cis-acting elements within the promoter region. In cheetahs, 2 alleles exist for a single guanine nucleotide deletion in the putative NF-κB binding site. In this study, a novel genotyping assay was developed to screen for the alleles. The results show that the SAA1A −97delG allele is associated with decreased SAA protein concentrations in the serum of captive cheetahs (n = 58), suggesting genetic differences at this locus may be affecting AA amyloidosis prevalence. However, there was no significant difference in the frequency of the SAA1A −97delG allele between individuals confirmed AA amyloidosis positive versus AA amyloidosis negative at the time of necropsy (n = 48). Thus, even though there is evidence that having more copies of the SAA1A −97delG allele results in a potentially protective decrease in serum concentrations of SAA protein in captive cheetahs, genotype is not associated with this disease within the North American population. These results suggest that other factors are playing a more significant role in the pathogenesis of AA amyloidosis among captive cheetahs.
Data from: Serum amyloid A protein concentration in blood is influenced by genetic differences in the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)
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Regional variation in the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) revisited: morphology of wild and captive populations
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Methylation-based markers for the estimation of age in African Cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus
GEO Series GSE252541. Acinonyx jubatus. 50 samples. Type: Methylation profiling by array.
Investigating epigenetic biomarkers of age, sex, and disease in captive South African cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus)
GEO Series GSE310779. Acinonyx jubatus; Rattus norvegicus; Homo sapiens; Mus musculus. 57 samples. Type: Methylation profiling by genome tiling array.
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