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512 results for “Aedes”
Asaia spp. accelerate development of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, via interactions with the vertically transmitted larval microbiome
<p><strong><span>Background:</span></strong><em> Aedes aegypti</em> mosquitoes are the primary vectors of yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus. Control programs primarily rely on insecticide application, which encounter challenges related to efficacy and resistance evolution. Alternative strategies, such as the sterile insect technique, highly depend on efficient mass-rearing of healthy insects prior to mass release. Based on effects seen in other mosquito species, we tested the hypothesis that acetic acid bacteria <span>of the </span><em>Asaia</em> <span>genus are</span> mutualist<span>s</span> for developing <em>Ae. aegypti</em> larvae. We tested for beneficial interactions across three <em>Asaia </em>species and whether <em>Asaia</em> inoculation benefited both axenic and conventionally reared larvae. To better understand the underlying mechanisms, we characterized the larval microbiome<span> </span>using culture-based methods and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong><span> <span>Even</span></span> though <em>Asaia </em>bacteria were transient members of the gut community in conventionally reared insects<span>, t</span>wo <em>Asaia </em>species accelerated larval development relative to controls.<span> Despite their transient nature, </span>the two mutualist <em>Asaia</em> species had lasting impacts on the larval microbiome, mostly by altering the relative abundance of the most dominant bacteria genera <em>Klebsiella</em> and <em>Pseudomonas</em> and other minor components<span>.</span> Axenic larvae that were inoculated with <em>Asaia </em>were dominated by this group, but always exhibited slower development than conventionally reared insects.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> These results reveal <em>Asaia</em> as a poor mutualist for <em>Ae. aegypti</em>, with its<em> </em>positive effect on the host mediated by interactions with other bacteria. A practical application of <em>Asaia </em>for improving mass-rearing efficiency results from the acceleration of development time to pupation by a day.</p>
Venkataraman et al. Two novel, tightly linked, and rapidly evolving genes underlie Aedes aegypti mosquito reproductive resilience during drought
<p>VERSION 1: These supplementary files accompany the manuscript by Venkataraman et al. entitled "Rapidly evolving genes underlie Aedes aegypti mosquito reproductive resilience during drought." This includes all raw data in the paper, supplementary data, and instructions for the blood puck feeder.</p> <p>VERSION 2: Supplemental Data Files 16-20 were added on 12/19/2022 to accompany a revision of the original bioRxiv pre-print after peer-review at eLife.</p> <p>VERSION 3: New versions of all files were added on 3/21/2023 to accompany the version of record published in eLife:</p> <p>Krithika Venkataraman , Nadav Shai, Priyanka Lakhiani, Sarah Zylka, Jieqing Zhao, Margaret Herre, Joshua Zeng, Lauren A Neal, Henrik Molina, Li Zhao, Leslie B Vosshall. Two novel, tightly linked, and rapidly evolving genes underlie Aedes aegypti mosquito reproductive resilience during drought. Elife. 2023 Feb 6;12:e80489. PMID: 36744865 DOI: 10.7554/eLife.80489</p>
Data from: Blockade of dengue virus transmission from viremic blood to Aedes aegypti mosquitoes using human monoclonal antibodies
Background <p class="CxSpFirst">Dengue is the most prevalent arboviral disease of humans. Virus neutralizing antibodies are likely to be critical for clinical immunity after vaccination or natural infection. A number of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have previously been characterized as able to neutralize the infectivity of dengue virus (DENV) for mammalian cells in cell-culture systems.</p> <p class="CxSpLast"> </p> Methodology/Principle findings <p class="CxSpFirst">We tested the capacity of 12 human mAbs, each of which had previously been shown to neutralize DENV in cell-culture systems, to abrogate the infectiousness of dengue patient viremic blood for mosquitoes. Seven of the twelve mAbs (1F4, 14c10, 2D22, 1L12, 5J7, 747(4)B7, 753(3)C10), almost all of which target quaternary epitopes, inhibited DENV infection of <i>Ae. aegypti</i>. The mAbs 14c10, 747(4)B7 and 753(3)C10 could all inhibit transmission of DENV in low microgram per mL concentrations. An Fc-disabled variant of 14c10 was as potent as its parent mAb.</p> <p class="CxSpLast"> </p> Conclusions/Significance <p class="CxSpFirst">The results demonstrate that mAbs can neutralize infectious DENV derived from infected human cells, in the matrix of human blood. Coupled with previous evidence of their ability to prevent DENV infection of mammalian cells, such mAbs could be considered attractive antibody classes to elicit with dengue vaccines, or alternatively, for consideration as therapeutic candidates.</p>
Thermal performance of Aedes sierrensis life history traits for populations collected across the species range
<p>How mosquitoes may respond to rapid climate warming remains unknown for most species, but will have major consequences for their future distributions, with cascading impacts on human well-being, biodiversity, and ecosystem function. We investigated the adaptive potential of a wide-ranging mosquito species, <em>Aedes sierrensis</em>, across a large climatic gradient by conducting a common garden experiment measuring the thermal limits of mosquito life history traits. Although field-collected populations originated from vastly different thermal environments that spanned over 1,200 km, we found limited variation in upper thermal tolerance between populations. In particular, the upper thermal limits of all life history traits varied by <3°C across the species range and, for most traits, did not differ significantly between populations. For one life history trait—pupal development rate—we did detect significant variation in upper thermal limits between populations, and this variation was strongly correlated with source temperatures, providing evidence of local thermal adaptation for pupal development. However, we found that maximum environmental temperatures across most of the species' range already regularly exceed the highest upper thermal limits estimated under constant temperatures. This result suggests that strategies for coping with and/or avoiding thermal extremes are likely key components of current and future mosquito thermal tolerance.</p>
Fig. 2. A in Genetic differentiation in populations of Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae) dengue vector from the Brazilian state of Maranhão
Fig. 2. A priori estimate of the probable groups of populations produced by the BAPS (Bayesian Analysis of Population Structure v 6.0) program, indicating a total of two groups.
Thermal adaptation in Aedes aegypti does not constrain temperature-sensitive growth of bacteria or dengue virus
<p>Data set and R script used for the following manuscript : </p> <p><strong>Thermal adaptation in <em>Aedes aegypti</em> does not constrain temperature-sensitive growth of bacteria or dengue virus</strong></p> <p><span lang="EN-US">Alida Kropf<sup>1*#</sup>, Stéphanie Dabo<sup>2</sup>, Marine Amann<sup>3</sup>, Louis Lambrechts<sup>2</sup>, Jacob C Koella<sup>1</sup></span></p> <p><span lang="EN-US">PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B THE ROYAL SOCIETY B BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES</span></p> <p><strong><em><span lang="IT-CH">DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2025-0832.R1 </span></em></strong></p>
Carbon dioxide and blood-feeding shift visual cue tracking during navigation in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
<p>Hematophagous mosquitoes need a blood meal to complete their reproductive cycle. To accomplish this, female mosquitoes seek vertebrate hosts, land on them, and bite. As their eggs mature, they shift attention away from hosts and towards finding sites to lay eggs. We asked whether females were more tuned to visual cues when a host-related signal, carbon dioxide, was present, and further examined the effect of a blood meal, which shifts behavior to ovipositing. Using a custom, tethered-flight arena that records wing stroke changes while displaying visual cues, we found the presence of CO2 enhances visual attention towards discrete stimuli and improves contrast sensitivity for host-seeking <em>Aedes aegypti</em> mosquitoes. Conversely, intake of a blood meal reverses vertical bar tracking, a stimulus that non-fed females readily follow. This switch in behavior suggests that physiological status modulates visual attention in mosquitoes, a phenomenon that has been described before in olfaction but not in visually-driven behaviors.</p>
Fig. 1 in Long-term exposure of Aedes aegypti to Bacillus thuringiensis svar. israelensis did not involve altered susceptibility to this microbial larvicide or to other control agents
Fig. 1 Resistance ratios (RR) betseen the lethal concentrations of Bti and its toxins (Cru11Aa, Cru4Ba), temephos (Tem) and diflubenzuron (Dif) for third-instar Ae. aegypti larvae from the RecBti strain compared to that of the reference strain. a RR at LC50. b RR at LC90
Aedes albopictus in Zambia
<p>Identifying the current geographic range of disease vectors is a critical first step towards determining effective mechanisms for controlling and potentially eradicating them. This is particularly true given that historical vector ranges may expand due to changing climates and human activity. The <em>Aedes </em>subgenus <em>Stegomyia</em> contains over 100 species, and among them, <em>Ae.</em> <em>aegypti</em> and <em>Ae. albopictus</em> mosquitoes represent the largest concern for public health, spreading dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. While <em>Ae. aegypti</em> has been observed in the country of Zambia for decades, <em>Ae. albopictus</em> has not. In 2015 we sampled four urban and three rural areas in Zambia for <em>Aedes</em> species. Using DNA barcoding, we confirmed the presence of immature and adult <em>Ae. albopictus</em> at two sites: Siavonga and Livingstone. These genotypes seem most closely related to specimens previously collected in Mozambique based on CO1 sequence from mtDNA. We resampled Siavonga and Livingstone sites in 2019, again observing immature and adult <em>Ae. albopictus</em> at both sites. Relative <em>Ae. albopictus</em> frequencies were similar between sites, with the exception of immature life stages, which were higher in Siavonga than in Livingstone in 2019. While <em>Ae. albopictus</em> frequencies did not vary through time in Livingstone, both immature and adult frequencies increased through time in Siavonga. This report serves to document the presence of <em>Ae. albopictus</em> in Zambia, which will contribute to the process of determining the potential public health implications of this disease vector in Central Africa.</p>
Fig. 1 in Neem oil increases the efficiency of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae for the control of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae
Fig. 1 Dacls survcval curves of Aedes aegypti larvae exposed to dcfferent concentratcons of neem ocl. Note: Results are the means (± SE) of three expercments for each treatment wcth 30 cnsects used per treatment for each expercment
Fig. 2 in Neem oil increases the efficiency of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae for the control of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae
Fig. 2 Dacls survcval curves of Aedes aegypti larvae exposed to dcfferent concentratcons of Metarhizium anisopliae concdca. Note: Results are the means (± SE) of three expercments for each treatment wcth 30 cnsects used per treatment for each expercment
The spread of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in the islands of São Tome and Príncipe
<p>The mosquito <em>Aedes albopictus</em> (Diptera: Culicidae) is a vector species of the causal agents of Dengue, yellow fever, and Zika among other diseases pathogens. The species originated in Southeast Asia and has spread widely and rapidly in the last century. The species has been reported in localities from the Gulf of Guinea since the early 2000s, but systematic sampling has been scant. We sampled <em>Ae. albopictus</em> twice, in 2013 and 2023 across the altitudinal gradient in São Tomé and found that the species was present in all sampled years at altitudes up to 680 meters. We also found some evidence of increases in proportional representation compared to <em>Ae. aegypti</em> over time. We report the presence of the species in Príncipe for the first time, suggesting that the range of <em>Ae. albopictus</em> is larger than previously thought. Finally, we use bioclimatic niche modeling to infer the potential range of <em>Ae. albopictus</em> and infer that the species has the potential to spread across a large portion of São Tomé and Príncipe. Our results suggest that <em>Ae. albopictus</em> has established itself as a resident species of the islands of the Gulf of Guinea and should be incorporated into the list of potential vectors that need to be surveyed and controlled.</p>
Data and Reproducible Analysis For: "Fine-Scale Associations Between Land Cover Composition and the Oviposition Activity of Native and Invasive Aedes Vectors of La Crosse Virus"
<h1><strong>Data and Reproducible Analysis For: "Fine-Scale Associations Between Land Cover Composition and the Oviposition Activity of Native and Invasive Aedes Vectors of La Crosse Virus"</strong></h1> <p>This repository contains pre-processed data sets and code scripts to reproduce the data processing and analyses that are presented in the corresponding manuscript. Some minor pre-processing was completed before presenting this -- namely, the land cover raster was clipped to the study area of Knox County, Tennessee, USA, prior to placing in the repository to reduce the file size. </p> <h2><strong>How to use this repository to reproduce results </strong></h2> <p>This repository is designed to support the reproduction of analyses in the associated manuscript. The entire project can be downloaded and stored anywhere on your computer, as long as the file structure is not altered. The project contains folders with all data sets and code scripts necessary for analysis.</p> <p><strong>What you will need: </strong><br> - Installed R and RStudio for purely spatial cluster and global model analyses<br> - Basic understanding of how to open R and run code </p> <p><strong> You do NOT need:</strong><br> - To download or install R packages on your own; that is taken care of within this environment<br> - To write any code <br> - To set up any working directories in R </p> <h3><strong>Important: Using `renv`</strong></h3> <p>Short Version: When you open the R project, run `renv::restore()` and follow the prompts to install the necessary R packages. </p> <p>The R package `renv` was used to create a <strong>project library</strong>, which contains all R packages that are used by the project. The packages in the project library are <strong>the versions used during the original analysis</strong>. This means that if any packages are updated by developers in ways that would change the results of the analysis, this project can still produce the original results because of `renv`. When you open this project for the first time, `renv` will automatically download and install itself and ask you to run `renv::restore()`. <strong>You should run `renv::restore()` to automatically download and install all of the packages within this reproducible environment</strong>. </p> <h2><strong>## Basic step-by-step guide:</strong></h2> <p>- 1. Download the entire repository by clicking "Code -> Download ZIP" on GitHub or by downloading the ZIP file in Zenodo<br>- 2. Extract the ZIP file anywhere on your computer (do not change the structure of the files once extracted)<br>- 3. In RStudio, click *File -> Open Project* and browse to the location where you extracted the repository; in the repository file, open the knoxaedeslandcover R Project file <br>- 4. Open any of the R scripts in the `analysis/` folder<br>- 5. Run the code `renv::restore()` in the script or in the console and follow the prompt to install the packages <br> - Now you can run the R Scripts; start from the top with loading the packages and data, then work your way down line-by-line</p> <h3><strong># `analysis/` Folder</strong></h3> <p>The `analysis/` folder contains scripts for processing data and conducting analyses. Each file is an R script that should be opened in R studio. The first shows how to process and aggregate the various raw data files; if you are only interested in reproducing analyses from the manuscript, you can skip to the second file and work from there. </p> <p><strong><em>## Files within the `analysis/` folder</em></strong></p> <p>The files are numbered in the order that they were run for the original analysis. In this case, none of the analyses are dependent on the others, so they can technically be used in any order. The numbers associated with each file describe the order that the analyses would normally be run. </p> <p> - `(1)dataprep.R` contains the code for cleaning and combining the land cover, climate, and mosquito data -- this includes calculating the land cover percentages at different scales and calculating weekly and timelagged climate values<br> - `(2)summary_analysis.R` contains code for reproducing summary data and creating graphs from the manuscript<br> - `(3)variable_selection.R` contains code for asssessing collinearity and fitting models to identify the best fitting variables for each speceis<br> - `(4)finalmodels.R` contains code for fitting the final models using the selected variables for each species </p> <h3><strong># `data/` Folder</strong></h3> <p>This folder contains several datasets, including one that compiles them all for analyses (`knox_joined`). The raw data are included to show how the data was processed and aggregated, but the individual raw data files are not needed for analyses. See `data dictionary.txt` for a description of all attributes contained within each file. </p> <p><strong><em>## Files within the `data/` folder</em></strong></p> <p> - `knox22_joined.RDS` contains a cleaned and joined version of land cover, climate, and mosquito data in R Data Serialization format, which maintains predefined factor and numeric designations for columns. <br> - `knox22_joined.csv` contains a cleaned and joined version of land cover, climate, and mosquito data in CSV format -- identical to 'knox22_joined.RDS'<br> - `sites22.csv` contains the names, site codes, and coordinates of the study sites<br> - `aedes22_clean.csv` contains the raw mosquito collection data for the study without any climate or land cover information <br> - `NLCD_2019_landcover_clippedtoKnox.tif` contains the NLCD land cover data, already clipped to Knox County, TN, USA<br> - `knox22_temperature.csv` contains raw daily temperatures for the city of Knoxville in 2022<br> - `knox22_rainfall.csv` contains raw daily precipitation for the city of Knoxville watersheds in 2022<br> - `rainfall_stations.csv` contains the descriptions, approximate street addresses, and geographic coordinates for rainfall monitoring sites <br> - `data dictionary.txt` file that defines column names and other data attributes for every dataset </p> <h3><strong># `renv/` Folder</strong></h3> <p>The `renv/` folder contains bits and pieces needed for the `renv` package. Nothing should be altered in this folder. </p> <p> </p> <h2><strong>References for source data </strong></h2> <p> - Some of the data in this repository were originally obtained from open access sources. </p> <p> - Land cover data was obtained from the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2019 data product, specifically the "NLCD 2019 Land Cover (CONUS)" product. The original, unclipped raster can be freely downloaded here: https://www.mrlc.gov/data/nlcd-2019-land-cover-conus</p> <p> - Temperature data was downloaded from the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) weather station for Knoxville, Tennessee. The source data can be downloaded from this site: https://www.weather.gov/mrx/tysclimate</p> <p> - Rainfall data was obtained from the City of Knoxville rainfall data website, located here: https://www.knoxvilletn.gov/government/city_departments_offices/engineering/stormwater_engineering_division/rainfall_data</p> <p> - All mosquito collection data was collected directly by the manuscript authors</p>
Figure 2 in Toxicity and larvicidal activity on Aedes aegypti of citronella essential oil submitted to enzymatic esterification
Figure 2. Mortality percentage of Artemia salina nauplii in relation to increased sample concentration.
Figure 1 in Toxicity and larvicidal activity on Aedes aegypti of citronella essential oil submitted to enzymatic esterification
Figure 1. Kinetics of citronellyl and geranyl cinnamates production (molar ratio alcohol/acid 3:1, enzyme 15 wt%, temperature 70°C, 150 rpm).
Fig. 1 in First report of kdr mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene in the arbovirus vector, Aedes aegypti, from Nouakchott, Mauritania
Fig. 1 The combinations of kdr point mutations S989P, V1016G, and F1534C in adult female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Nouakchott, Mauritania
Fig. 1 a in Oviposition of AedeS japoNiCUS japoNiCUS (Diptera: Culicidae) and associated native species in relation to season, temperature and land use in western Germany
Fig. 1 a Study sites in the south of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany in 2018. Forest types (different shades of green) follow Authorised Topographic-Cartographic Information System data [39]. b Details of study site Bonn SÜd, with three transects and their respective trap locations (different colours represent different land use types). See Additional file 2: dataset S1 for coordinates of trap locations. Background map from http:// www.openstreetmap.org (OpenStreetMap contributors). The map was produced with QGIS version 3.2
Fig. 2 in Oviposition of AedeS japoNiCUS japoNiCUS (Diptera: Culicidae) and associated native species in relation to season, temperature and land use in western Germany
Fig. 2 Setup of the transects. Trap locations range from oviposition habitat 1 (land use types—arable land, forest or settlement) through the transition zone into oviposition habitat 2 (land use types—forest, settlement or arable land). F100 Forest, 100 m from the transition zone; F10 forest, 10 m from the transition zone; F/S transition zone; S10 settlement, 10 m from the transition zone; S100 settlement, 100 m from the transition zone
Fig. 1 in First records of Aedes pulcritarsis (Rondani, 1872) (Diptera: Culicidae) in Austria
Fig. 1 Locations sampled in the framework of the mosquito monitoring programmes. While the sites were sampled irregularly (depending on flood situation) in monitoring A, regular checks were carried out at weekly intervals in monitoring B. Map tiles by Stamen Design, under CC BY 3.0. Data by OpenStreetMap, under ODbL. Data source borders: NUTS units, Statistik Austria—data.statistik.gv.at
Fig. 1 in Primeras capturas de Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) (Diptera: Culicidae) en el Área Metropolitana de Valencia.
Fig. 1.- Mapas detallados de los municipios con casos confirmados de presencia de Ae. albopictus, situación del término municipal de Picanya dentro del Área Metropolitana de Valencia y punto exacto de detección de poblaciones establecidas del mosquito tigre en Picanya.
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