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6 results for “Aeroecology”
The aeroecology of atmospheric convergence zones: the case of Pallid swifts
<p>Trans-Saharan migratory bird species encounter large scale seasonal atmospheric convergence zones, where opposing monsoon and continental air masses meet. These macro-scale atmospheric conditions determine local weather, influence migratory and foraging behaviour and seasonal bird survival rates. Here we investigate the flight behaviour of Pallid swifts (<em>Apus pallidus</em>), a small aerial insectivore, in relation to non-breeding season atmospheric conditions using state-of-the-art GPS logged data. Our analysis suggests that pallid swift prey on insects by catching them where they are most densely concentrated within the atmosphere. Residence of birds in West Africa well past the vegetation minimum suggests that the state of the vegetation and associated local insect populations are not necessarily limiting. Migration events within, to and from, the non-breeding season foraging locations might therefore not only be guided by a decline in vegetation as common metric for prey availability, but also by shifting wind directions and their concentrating effects.</p> <p><strong>Supporting materials</strong></p> <p>This repository includes all data to reproduce the statistics in the described study, above. Certain omissions were made due to the data volumes involved. The latter mostly pertain to the visualization of the processes involved using transects through the atmosphere.</p> <p><strong>Data structure</strong></p> <p>Key data is saved in compressed R serial files (.rds) in the <code>data</code> folder. The <code>position_data.rds</code> file contains bird positions, headings and ancillary data to support most of the analysis in the study. Additional rds files are included which cover spatial analysis in support of the analysis (in the analysis folder).</p> <p><strong>Code execution</strong></p> <p>It is best to execute code in the numeric sequence as provided in the filename. Although it should not matter for the statistical analysis.</p> <p><strong>Licensing</strong></p> <p>For the data include be mindful of the Open Database License (ODbL) which is a copyleft license. Reuse is permitted on the condition that any database (including aggregated working data for analysis) in which our database is used remains open as well. The authors will enforce this policy. All other material such as figures and draft manuscripts are distributed under a CC-BY-SA-4.0 license.</p> <p><strong>Referencing</strong></p> <p>When referencing the data cite both the data repository as: Kearsley, L. et al. 2022. Data from: The aeroecology of atmospheric convergence zones: the case of pallid swifts. – Zenodo Repository, <https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6320888>) and the original paper (Kearsley et al. 2022, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.08594">doi.org/10.1111/oik.08594</a>).</p>
Data from: Aeroecology of a solar eclipse
Light cues elicit strong responses from nearly all forms of life, perhaps most notably as circadian rhythms entrained by periods of daylight and darkness. Atypical periods of darkness, like solar eclipses, provide rare opportunities to study biological responses to light cues. By using a continental scale radar network, we investigated responses of flying animals to the total solar eclipse of 21 August 2017. We quantified the number of biological targets in the atmosphere at 143 weather radar stations across the continental United States to investigate whether the decrease in light and temperature at an atypical time would initiate a response like that observed at sunset, when activity in the atmosphere usually increases. Overall, biological activity decreased in the period leading to totality, followed by a short low-altitude spike of biological activity during totality in some radars. This pattern suggests that cues associated with the eclipse were insufficient to initiate nocturnal activity comparable to that occurring at sunset but sufficient to suppress diurnal activity.
Data from: Aeroecology meets aviation safety: early warning systems in Europe and the Middle East prevent collisions between birds and aircraft
The aerosphere is utilized by billions of birds, moving for different reasons and from short to great distances spanning tens of thousands of kilometres. The aerosphere, however, is also utilized by aviation which leads to increasing conflicts in and around airfields as well as en-route. Collisions between birds and aircraft cost billions of euros annually and, in some cases, result in the loss of human lives. Simultaneously, aviation has diverse negative impacts on wildlife. During avian migration, due to the sheer numbers of birds in the air, the risk of bird strikes becomes particularly acute for low-flying aircraft, especially during military training flights. Over the last few decades, air forces across Europe and the Middle East have been developing solutions that integrate ecological research and aviation policy to reduce mutual negative interactions between birds and aircraft. In this paper we (1) provide a brief overview of the systems currently used in military aviation to monitor bird migration movements in the aerosphere, (2) provide a brief overview of the impact of bird strikes on military low-level operations, and (3) estimate the effectiveness of migration monitoring systems in bird strike avoidance. We compare systems from the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Poland and Israel, which are all areas that Palearctic migrants cross twice a year in huge numbers. We show that the en-route bird strikes have decreased considerably in countries where avoidance systems have been implemented, and that consequently bird strikes are on average 45% less frequent in countries with implemented avoidance systems in place. We conclude by showing the roles of operational weather radar networks, forecast models and international and interdisciplinary collaboration to create safer skies for aviation and birds.
Data for the manuscript "The impact of dealiasing biases on bird and insect data products of C-band weather radars and consequences for aeroecological applications" by Weisshaupt et al.
<p>Netcdf files of the analyses in the manuscript "The impact of dealiasing biases on bird and insect data products of C-band weather radars and consequences for aeroecological applications" by Weisshaupt et al. containing flight directions, flight speeds and animal densities in 200-m height layers between 0-1 km from four single PRF and one dual-PRF scans from 10 Finnish polarimetric C-band weather radars between 1-30 Sept 2022 and from the Kankaanpää weather radar between 10 Sept – 30 Oct 2023 and 10 April - 10 June 2024. Bird and insect echoes were identified by the classifier developed by Mäkinen, T., J. Ritvanen, S. Pulkkinen, N. Weisshaupt, and J. Koistinen, 2022: Bayesian Classification of Nonmeteorological Targets in Polarimetric Doppler Radar Measurements. <em>J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol.</em>, <strong>39</strong>, 1561–1578, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-21-0177.1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-21-0177.1</a>.</p> <p>File names indicate the PRF mode, processing mode (either untreated ("raw") or dealiased ("no_classif")), date and a 5-letter radar id.</p>
Data from: Aeroecology meets aviation safety: early warning systems in Europe and the Middle East prevent collisions between birds and aircraft
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Data from: Aeroecology of a solar eclipse
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