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23 results for “Akanthomyces”
Multi-level in vivo selection of the biocontrol agent Akanthomyces muscarius, virulence, growth, sporulation, and variant data
<p>Changes in parasite virulence are commonly expected to lead to trade-offs in other life history traits that can affect fitness. Understanding these trade-offs is particularly important if we want to manipulate the virulence of microbial biological control agents. Theoretically, selection across different spatial scales, i.e. between- and within-hosts, shapes these trade-offs. However, trade-offs are also dependent on parasite biology. Despite their applied importance the evolution of virulence in fungal parasites is poorly understood: virulence can be unstable in culture and commonly fails to increase in simple passage experiments. We hypothesized that manipulating selection intensity at different scales would reveal virulence trade-offs in a fungal pathogen of aphids, <em>Akanthomyces muscarius</em>. Starting with a genetically diverse stock we selected for speed of kill, parasite yield, or infectivity by manipulating competition within and between hosts and between populations of hosts over 7 rounds of infection. We characterized ancestral and evolved lineages by whole genome sequencing and by measuring virulence, growth rate, sporulation, and fitness. While several lineages showed increases in virulence, we saw none of the trade-offs commonly found in obligately-killing parasites. Phenotypically similar lineages within treatments often shared multiple single-nucleotide variants, indicating strong convergent evolution. The most dramatic phenotypic changes were in the timing of sporulation and spore production <em>in vitro. </em>We found that early sporulation led to reduced competitive fitness but could increase the yield of spores on media, a trade-off characteristic of social conflict. Notably, the selection regime with the strongest between-population competition and lowest genetic diversity produced the most consistent shift to early sporulation, as predicted by social evolution theory. Multi-level selection therefore revealed social interactions novel to fungi and showed that these biocontrol agents have the genomic flexibility to improve multiple traits - virulence and spore production - that are often in conflict in other parasites.</p>
Multi-level in vivo selection of the biocontrol agent Akanthomyces muscarius, virulence, growth, sporulation, and variant data
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Reintroducing Akanthomyces ampullifer: providing genetic barcodes, culture, and updated description for the dipteran pathogen rediscovered in Germany
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FIGURE 2 in Akanthomyces araneogenum, a new Isaria-like araneogenous species
FIGURE 2. Akanthomyces araneogenum (holotype GZU201510311) a–d. Infected spider host. e, f. Colony (top and reverse view, respectively) on the Czapek agar medium after 14 d at 25 °C. g. Conidia. h, i. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia on Czapek agar medium. Scale bars: e, f =10 mm, g, h, i=10 μm.
FIGURE 1 in Akanthomyces araneogenum, a new Isaria-like araneogenous species
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic analysis of Akanthomyces araneogenum (strains GZUIF DX1, GZUIF DX2, GZUIF SN1) and related species based on combined partial ITS+LSU+RPB1+RPB2+TEF sequences. Statistical support values (≥50 %) are shown at nodes, and presented as bootstrap values/Bayesian posterior probabilities.
FIGURE 3 in Akanthomyces zaquensis (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales), a new species isolated from both the stroma and the sclerotium of Ophiocordyceps sinensis in Qinghai, China
FIGURE 3. Akanthomyces zaquensis (CGMCC 19934) on PDA, similar to those on MEA and PCA. a–d. Phialides and conidia; e–f. conidia. Scale bars: a–f = 10 μm.
FIGURE 2 in Akanthomyces zaquensis (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales), a new species isolated from both the stroma and the sclerotium of Ophiocordyceps sinensis in Qinghai, China
FIGURE 2. Akanthomyces zaquensis (CGMCC 19934). a–b. Strains grown on different media after 10 days at 20 °C; c–d. Strains grown on different media after 10 days at 25 °C. Scale bars: a–d = 2 cm.
FIGURE 1 in Akanthomyces zaquensis (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales), a new species isolated from both the stroma and the sclerotium of Ophiocordyceps sinensis in Qinghai, China
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree from ML and BI analyses of six-gene (ITS, SSU, LSU, tef1, rpb1 and rpb2) dataset showing the relationships of Akanthomyces and Lecanicillium species. Values above branches before and after backslash represent ML bootstrap proportions greater than 70% and posterior probabilities (PP) greater than 95%.
Supplementary material 2 from: Aini AN, Mongkolsamrit S, Wijanarka W, Thanakitpipattana D, Luangsa-ard JJ, Budiharjo A (2020) Diversity of Akanthomyces on moths (Lepidoptera) in Thailand. MycoKeys 71: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.71.55126
RAxML tree
Figure 1 from: Aini AN, Mongkolsamrit S, Wijanarka W, Thanakitpipattana D, Luangsa-ard JJ, Budiharjo A (2020) Diversity of Akanthomyces on moths (Lepidoptera) in Thailand. MycoKeys 71: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.71.55126
Figure 1 Phylogenetic tree based on combined dataset of LSU, TEF, RPB1 and RPB2, sequences showing the relationship of Akanthomyces from Thailand with other species of Cordycipitaceae. Numbers above lines at significant nodes represent Maximum likelihood bootstrap values, Bayesian posterior probabilities, and MP bootstrap values. Bold lines mean support for the three analyses were 100%.
Supplementary material 1 from: Aini AN, Mongkolsamrit S, Wijanarka W, Thanakitpipattana D, Luangsa-ard JJ, Budiharjo A (2020) Diversity of Akanthomyces on moths (Lepidoptera) in Thailand. MycoKeys 71: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.71.55126
MP tree
Figure 4 from: Aini AN, Mongkolsamrit S, Wijanarka W, Thanakitpipattana D, Luangsa-ard JJ, Budiharjo A (2020) Diversity of Akanthomyces on moths (Lepidoptera) in Thailand. MycoKeys 71: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.71.55126
Figure 4 Akanthomyces tortricidarum (BBH 38669, BCC 72638) A fungus on adult moth B, C, N–P short synnemata D–F long synnemata G–L phialides from long synnema M conidia from long synnema Q–T phialides from short synnema U conidia from short synnema V, W culture on PDA 14 days W reverse X, Y culture on OA 14 days Y reverse. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 200 µm (B, E); 100 µm (C, F); 500 µm (D); 5 µm (G, M, Q, R, S, T, U); 2 µm (H, I, J, K, L); 30 µm (N, O, P); 1 cm (V, W, X, Y).
Figure 3 from: Aini AN, Mongkolsamrit S, Wijanarka W, Thanakitpipattana D, Luangsa-ard JJ, Budiharjo A (2020) Diversity of Akanthomyces on moths (Lepidoptera) in Thailand. MycoKeys 71: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.71.55126
Figure 3 Akanthomyces pyralidarum (BBH 23823, BCC 28816) A fungus on adult moth B–F perithecia G, H asci I tip of ascus with immature ascospore J tip of ascus with mature ascospores K ascospores L, M culture on PDA 14 days M reverse N, O culture on OA 14 days O reverse P culture on OA 28 days. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, L, M, N, O, P); 1 mm (B); 500 µm (C, D, E); 100 µm (F); 10 µm (G, H); 5 µm (I, J, K).
Figure 2 from: Aini AN, Mongkolsamrit S, Wijanarka W, Thanakitpipattana D, Luangsa-ard JJ, Budiharjo A (2020) Diversity of Akanthomyces on moths (Lepidoptera) in Thailand. MycoKeys 71: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.71.55126
Figure 2 Akanthomyces noctuidarum (BBH 26019, BCC 36265) A, B fungus on adult moth C–F perithecia G asci H tip of ascus I ascus with ascospores J ascospores with clear septae K ascospores break into part-spores L–Q synnemata R–T phialides through the length of synnema U phialides at the tip of synnema V conidia W, X culture on PDA 14 days X reverse Y, Z culture on OA 14 days Z reverse. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, B, W, X, Y, Z); 5 mm (C, I, J, K); 1 mm (D, E, L); 200 µm (F, M, N, O, P, Q); 50 µm (G); 10 µm (H, R, S, T, U, V).
Supplementary material 1 from: Wang Y, Wang Z-Q, Luo R, Souvanhnachit S, Thanarut C, Dao V-M, Yu H (2024) Species diversity and major host/substrate associations of the genus Akanthomyces (Hypocreales, Cordycipitaceae). MycoKeys 101: 113-141. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.101.109751
Supplementary information
Figure 6 from: Wang Y, Wang Z-Q, Luo R, Souvanhnachit S, Thanarut C, Dao V-M, Yu H (2024) Species diversity and major host/substrate associations of the genus Akanthomyces (Hypocreales, Cordycipitaceae). MycoKeys 101: 113-141. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.101.109751
Figure 6 Morphology of Akanthomyces araneogenusA fungus on spider B conidiogenous structures on the host C,D culture character on PDA medium E–H conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia I conidia. Scale bars: 5 mm (A); 30 µm (B); 30 mm (C, D); 10 µm (E); 5 µm (F–I).
Figure 5 from: Wang Y, Wang Z-Q, Luo R, Souvanhnachit S, Thanarut C, Dao V-M, Yu H (2024) Species diversity and major host/substrate associations of the genus Akanthomyces (Hypocreales, Cordycipitaceae). MycoKeys 101: 113-141. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.101.109751
Figure 5 Morphology of Akanthomyces subaraneicolaA, B fungus on spider C culture character on PDA medium D–H conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia I conidia. Scale bars: 10 mm (A); 5 mm (B); 20 mm (C); 30 µm (D); 20 µm (E); 10 µm (F–I).
Figure 4 from: Wang Y, Wang Z-Q, Luo R, Souvanhnachit S, Thanarut C, Dao V-M, Yu H (2024) Species diversity and major host/substrate associations of the genus Akanthomyces (Hypocreales, Cordycipitaceae). MycoKeys 101: 113-141. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.101.109751
Figure 4 Morphology of Akanthomyces pseudonoctuidarumA adult moth infected by A. pseudonoctuidarumB, C culture character on PDA medium D–H conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia I conidia. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 20 mm (B, C); 10 µm (D–I).
Figure 3 from: Wang Y, Wang Z-Q, Luo R, Souvanhnachit S, Thanarut C, Dao V-M, Yu H (2024) Species diversity and major host/substrate associations of the genus Akanthomyces (Hypocreales, Cordycipitaceae). MycoKeys 101: 113-141. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.101.109751
Figure 3 Morphology of Akanthomyces laosensisA, B fungus on adult moth C long synnemata D culture character on PDA medium E–H conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia I conidia from long synnemata. Scale bars: 10 mm (A, B); 5 mm (C); 20 mm (D); 20 µm (E–G); 10 µm (H); 5 µm (I).
Figure 1 from: Wang Y, Wang Z-Q, Luo R, Souvanhnachit S, Thanarut C, Dao V-M, Yu H (2024) Species diversity and major host/substrate associations of the genus Akanthomyces (Hypocreales, Cordycipitaceae). MycoKeys 101: 113-141. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.101.109751
Figure 1 Phylogenetic tree of Akanthomyces species, based on combined partial ITS + nrLSU + TEF + RPB1 + RPB2 sequences. Numbers at the branches indicate support values (BI-PP/IQ-TREE-BS/ RAxML-BS) above 0.7/70%/70%. Ex-type materials are marked with "T". Isolates in bold type are those analysed in this study.
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