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169 results for “Amaranthaceae”
Fig. 1 in Studies on the genus Atriplex L. (Amaranthaceae) in Italy. II. Lectotypification of Atriplex elongata Guss.
Fig. 1. – Lectotypus of Atriplex elongata Guss. (indicated by an arrow, the plant on the right). [Gussone s.n., PAL] [© Herbarium Neapolitanum, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II. Reproduced with permission]
Fig. 1 in New combinations and notes on Oxybasis (Amaranthaceae) from southern South America
Fig. 1. – Isotype of Chenopodium frigidum Phil. ( Oxybasis frigida (Phil.) Uotila) originating from the Aellen herbarium in G. [G00412681; Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de Genève]
Fig. 2 in Amaranthus emarginatus s.lat. (Amaranthaceae) in Italy
Fig. 2 - Occurrence of Amaranthus emarginatus subsp. emarginatus (a) and A. emarginatus subsp. pseudogracilis (b) in Italy (regional level). Status of naturalization: naturalized in green; casual in light green; formerly recorded in light yellow. / Presenza di Amaranthus emarginatus subsp. emarginatus (a) e A. emarginatus subsp. pseudogracilis (b) in Italia (livello regionale). Stato di naturalizzazione: naturalizzato in verde; casuale in verde chiaro; precedentemente segnalato in giallo chiaro.
Fig. 1 in Amaranthus emarginatus s.lat. (Amaranthaceae) in Italy
Fig. 1 - Peripheral cells of seed in Amaranthus emarginatus subsp. pseudogracilis (from a specimen collected by D. Iamonico on July 31, 2009, in Ciampino town, Lazio region, central Italy). / Cellule periferiche del seme di Amaranthus emarginatus subsp. pseudogracilis (da un esemplare raccolto da D. Iamonico il 31 luglio 2009 nella città di Ciampino, regione Lazio, Italia centrale).
Amaranthaceae indet. (BR0000010606407)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Pollen characters and DNA sequence data converge on a monophyletic genus Iresine (Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllales) and help to elucidate its species diversity.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Pollen characters and DNA sequence data converge on a monophyletic genus Iresine (Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllales) and help to elucidate its species diversity". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/a2afe874-9ec7-4101-8f63-da98506a340b">https://bionomia.net/dataset/a2afe874-9ec7-4101-8f63-da98506a340b</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/a2afe874-9ec7-4101-8f63-da98506a340b">https://gbif.org/dataset/a2afe874-9ec7-4101-8f63-da98506a340b</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Disentangling sources of gene tree discordance in phylogenomic datasets: testing ancient hybridizations in Amaranthaceae s.l.
<p>Gene tree discordance in large genomic datasets can be caused by evolutionary processes such as incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization, as well as model violation, and errors in data processing, orthology inference, and gene tree estimation. Species tree methods that identify and accommodate all sources of conflict are not available, but a combination of multiple approaches can help tease apart alternative sources of conflict. Here, using a phylotranscriptomic analysis in combination with reference genomes, we test a hypothesis of ancient hybridization events within the plant family Amaranthaceae s.l. that was previously supported by morphological, ecological, and Sanger-based molecular data. The dataset included seven genomes and 88 transcriptomes, 17 generated for this study. We examined gene-tree discordance using coalescent-based species trees and network inference, gene tree discordance analyses, site pattern tests of introgression, topology tests, synteny analyses, and simulations. We found that a combination of processes might have generated the high levels of gene tree discordance in the backbone of Amaranthaceae s.l. Furthermore, we found evidence that three consecutive short internal branches produce anomalous trees contributing to the discordance. Overall, our results suggest that Amaranthaceae s.l. might be a product of an ancient and rapid lineage diversification, and remains, and probably will remain, unresolved. This work highlights the potential problems of identifiability associated with the sources of gene tree discordance including, in particular, phylogenetic network methods. Our results also demonstrate the importance of thoroughly testing for multiple sources of conflict in phylogenomic analyses, especially in the context of ancient, rapid radiations. We provide several recommendations for exploring conflicting signals in such situations.</p>
Data from: Evolution of cold tolerance in the highly stress tolerant samphires and relatives (Salicornieae: Amaranthaceae)"
<p>Low temperature constitutes one of the main barriers to plant distributions, confining many clades to their ancestrally tropical biome. However, recent evidence suggests that transitions from tropical to temperate biomes may be more frequent than previously thought. Here, we study the evolution of cold and frost tolerance in the globally distributed and highly stress-tolerant Salicornieae (Salicornioideae, Amaranthaceae s.l.). We first generate a phylogenetic tree comprising almost all known species (85-90%), using newly generated (n = 106) and published nuclear-ribosomal and plastid sequences. Next, we use geographical occurrence data to document in which clades and geographical regions cold-tolerant species occur and reconstruct how cold tolerance evolved. Finally, we test for correlated evolution between frost tolerance and the annual life form. We find that frost tolerance has evolved independently in up to four Northern Hemisphere lineages but that annuals are no more likely to evolve frost tolerance than perennials, indicating the presence of different strategies for adapting to cold environments. Our findings add to mounting evidence for multiple independent out-of-the-tropics transitions among close relatives of flowering plants and raise new questions on the ecological and physiological mechanism(s) of adaptation to low temperatures in Salicornieae.</p>
Figures 17-32 in Two new Indian gall midges of the genus Contarinia Rondani (Cecidomyiidae: Diptera) reared from Amaranthaceae & Poaceae
Figures 17-32. Contarinia dichanthiumae sp. nov. (17-24 male; 25-32 female)
Figures 1-16 in Two new Indian gall midges of the genus Contarinia Rondani (Cecidomyiidae: Diptera) reared from Amaranthaceae & Poaceae
Figures 1-16. Contarinia asperae sp. nov. (1-8 male; 9-16 female)
Disentangling the taxonomic variations within the high-Andean complex Gomphrena meyeniana (Gomphrenoideae, Amaranthaceae)
<p>Gomphrena meyeniana is an extremely variable species from the Andean highlands, which has attracted the attention of many botanists because it is the world's highest-elevation C4 eudicot and because of its wide morphological variability. It has the typical high-Andean plant morphology, with small leaves tightly clustered on a thick rootstock. The large range of morphological variation within this species, coupled with the varying opinions on the existence of several species or infra-specific taxa, and the lack of molecular information has made the clarification of the G. meyeniana complex a challenge. Our approach was to perform a broad spectrum molecular sampling to identify its phylogenetic position within Gomphrena genus and to perform a multivariate analysis to objectively differentiate taxa based on morphological characters. The ITS and trnL-F regions were analyzed individually and combined using Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony methods. To analyze the morphological characters we performed a clustering method (partitioning around medoids with the Gower's dissimilarity algorithm). The molecular analyses supported the monophyly of the G. meyeniana complex but did not support segregation into varieties. The morphological analyses gathered the infra-specific taxa into only three varieties that can be easily distinguished through three simple characters: the presence of leaves on the flowering shoot, the habit of the flowering shoot, and the pilosity of the tepals. The varieties of G. meyeniana accepted here are var. meyeniana, var. caulescens, and var. flaccida. A dichotomous key to identify the infra-specific taxa is here presented and illustrated. The varieties tucumanensis, and conwayi were synonymized with var. caulescens, and var. meyeniana respectively.</p>
Data from: Evolution of cold tolerance in the highly stress tolerant samphires and relatives (Salicornieae: Amaranthaceae)”
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Disentangling the taxonomic variations within the high-Andean complex Gomphrena meyeniana (Gomphrenoideae, Amaranthaceae)
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Disentangling sources of gene tree discordance in phylogenomic datasets: testing ancient hybridizations in Amaranthaceae s.l.
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Data from: Towards a better understanding of the Chenopodium album aggregate (Amaranthaceae) in the Middle East: a karyological, cytometric and morphometric investigation
The study of variation in nuclear genome size, especially when combined with common garden experiments, significantly contributes to disentangling interspecies relationships within taxonomically complicated plant groups. The Chenopodium album aggregate is among the morphologically most variable groups and consists of many weakly differentiated cosmopolitan entities. We analysed nuclear genome size variation in diploid and polyploid species of the aggregate from Iran using flow cytometry of 282 accessions from 88 populations of 7 species. To this end, we also determined chromosome numbers and performed a morphometric study to reveal the extent of intraspecific morphological variation. We found that Iranian species are exclusively diploid (C. vulvaria), tetraploid (C. novopokrovskyanum, C. strictum, C. sosnowskyi and C. chaldoranicum) or hexaploid (C. album subsp. album, C. album subsp. iranicum and C. opulifolium). Six homogeneous relative genome size groups were distinguished among the species studied. Our morphometric study surprisingly revealed that under similar ecological conditions Chenopodium species are morphologically stable and well distinguishable, exhibited very little morphological variation. Hence, immense variation in leaf shapes, branching and inflorescence organization seen in the field has not been repeated under greenhouse conditions. The only exception was C. album s. str. which exhibited numerous morphotypes, covering the variation of remaining species.
Data from: A phylogeny of the genus Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae), based on several low-copy nuclear loci and chloroplast regions
The genus Amaranthus (pigweeds) is a group of ∼74 monoecious or dioecious annual species native to every continent but Antarctica, frequently associated with natural and human disturbance, with several economically important domesticated and weedy species. We set out to reconstruct the phylogeny of Amaranthus, with broad geographic sampling, in order to answer questions about biogeographic relationships in the genus and the monophyly of the subgenera. Fifty-eight species were included inmaximum parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and three low-copy nuclear genes (A36, G3PDH, and Waxy), as well as two chloroplast regions (trnL5′-trnL3′ and matK/trnK). Topology tests were also employed to test taxonomic hypotheses about incongruence between trees and the monophyly of clades containing Galápagos species. Our analyses support the origin of the genus in the Americas, with a single long-distance dispersal event to the Old World, and both nuclear and chloroplast trees recover three to fourmajor clades, roughly corresponding to three subgenera recognized based on morphology. However, there are species in all of these clades that were not predicted based on morphology, and we discover previously unsuspected relationships between Galápagos species and species from the North American Southwest, which comprise small monophyletic groups outside of the three recognized subgenera. Additionally, an important herbicide resistant weed species (A. palmeri) and its sister species are placed into different large clades based on nuclear or chloroplast data, suggesting a chloroplast capture event. These results will provide a basis for further exploration of the evolution of weedy ecological strategies in the group.
FIGURES 8–17 in Phenrica littoralis (Bechyné, 1955) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) a potential candidate for the biological control of alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Martius) Grisebach (Amaranthaceae): redescription of the adult, first description of immature stages, and biological notes
FIGURES 8–17. Phenrica littoralis (Bechyné) (8) Hind wing. (9) Metanotum. (10) Scutellum. (11) Metaleg, detail of metafemoral spring. (12) Metendosternite, dorsal view. (13) Mandible, external face. (14) Labrum, ventral view. (15) Labrum, dorsal view. (16) Maxilla, ventral view. (17) Labium, dorsal view. Abbreviations: a, metanotal ridge a; AA, anal anterior vein; b2, metanotal ridge b2; c, metanotal ridge c; CuA, cubitoanal vein; CuA 3+4, cubito anal vein 3+4; d, metanotal ridge d; mg, median groove; MP 1-2, medial posterior vein 1-2; RA, radial vein; RP-MP2, radial posterior-medial posterior vein 2; SC, subcostal vein. Scale bars=: 0.1mm.
FIGURES 2–7 in Phenrica littoralis (Bechyné, 1955) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) a potential candidate for the biological control of alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Martius) Grisebach (Amaranthaceae): redescription of the adult, first description of immature stages, and biological notes
FIGURES 2–7. Phenrica littoralis (Bechyné) (2) Head, frontal view. (3) Head, lateral. (4) Mandible, external face. (5) Mandible, detail of mola. (6) Maxilla, ventral view. (7) Labium, dorsal view.
FIGURES 32–37 in Phenrica littoralis (Bechyné, 1955) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) a potential candidate for the biological control of alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Martius) Grisebach (Amaranthaceae): redescription of the adult, first description of immature stages, and biological notes
FIGURES 32–37. Phenrica littoralis (Bechyné), mature larvae (32) Habitus, lateral view. (33) Habitus, dorsal view. (34) Cephalic capsule, frontal view. (35) Cephalic capsule, lateral view. (36) labium and maxilla. (37) Mandible, dorsal view. Scale bars= 1mm.
FIGURES 28–31 in Phenrica littoralis (Bechyné, 1955) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) a potential candidate for the biological control of alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Martius) Grisebach (Amaranthaceae): redescription of the adult, first description of immature stages, and biological notes
FIGURES 28–31. Phenrica littoralis (Bechyné), (28) Median lobe, dorsal view. (29) Median lobe, detail of dorsal median process. (30) Median lobe, lateral view. (31) Median lobe, detail of dorsal median process. Scale bars= 1mm.
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