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394 results for “Amazonas”
Fuel loads monitoring dataset of Campos Amazônicos Fire Experiment (Amazonas, Brazil)
<p>This dataset presents fuel loads monitoring data related to the Campos Amazônicos Fire Experiment (CAFE) (Amazonas, Brazil) project. Located within a protected area within the largest enclave of tropical savanna in the Southern Amazon, CAFE comprises a careful and systematic experimental design that was conceived from the start to evaluate satellite observations and their potential and limitations in studying spatial and temporal fire dynamics in tropical savannas.</p> <p>More information about the experimental design can be found in the following publication:</p> <p>Alves, D. B.; Fidelis, A.; Pérez-Cabello, F.; Alvarado, S. T.; Conciani, D. E.; Cambraia, B. C.; Silveira, A. L. P.; Silva, T. S. F. Impact of Image Acquisition Lag-Time on Monitoring Short-Term Postfire Spectral Dynamics in Tropical Savannas: the Campos Amazônicos Fire Experiment. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing v. 16, n. 3 (2022) - <a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.16.034507">https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.16.034507</a></p> <p>_____________________________________________________________________________</p> <p>August 08, 2022 - Version 1.0 includes data from 30 monitored experimental plots of 1 hectare each (100×100 m). Three experimental treatments were then established: 12 plots were burned in May (Early-Dry Season – EDS), further 12 plots were burned in August (Mid-Dry Season – MDS), and 6 plots were kept as control by ensuring fire exclusion throughout the duration of the experiment. Controlled burning occurred during two separate field campaigns in 2019, the first between May 19th and 25th, and the second between August 22nd and 26th.</p> <p>Measurements of fuel load were obtained from eight subplots of 0.5 × 0.5 m randomly distributed within each plot. Samples included graminoids, leaves and branches near the ground. Biomass was dried at 70°C for 48 hours, and weighed to determine total fuel load (kg. m<sup>-2</sup>) for each sample. Samples were taken before fire for all control, EDS and MDS burn plots during both field campaigns, and repeated sampling was carried out after fire for the burned plots. In 2020, all 30 monitored plots were sampled again in May and August.</p> <p>The files available include: i) a table (Fuel_load_measures.csv) that contains the measures of fuel loads for each plot; ii) a text file (List_of_variables.rtf), which details each variable available in the table.</p> <p>_____________________________________________________________________________</p> <p>We thank the management team of the Campos Amazônicos National Park, and in particular to its Fire Brigade (squad leaders José Furtado Neto, Genaldo Júnior, Ademilton Carvalho, Simei Limoeiro, José Alexandre Medeiros, Antonio Machado and Leandro Lacerda, and on behalf of them to all other members of the brigade), who ensure safe burning of all fire experiments (SISBIO license number 67210-5). This work was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, grant numbers 2019/07357-8; 2015/06743-0); the Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (CNPq, grant numbers 154660/2018-3; 441968/2018-0; 303988/2018-5).</p>
Fire behavior dataset of Campos Amazônicos Fire Experiment (Amazonas, Brazil)
<p>This dataset presents fire behavior data related to the Campos Amazônicos Fire Experiment (CAFE) (Amazonas, Brazil) project. Located within a protected area within the largest enclave of tropical savanna in the Southern Amazon, CAFE comprises a careful and systematic experimental design that was conceived from the start to evaluate satellite observations and their potential and limitations in studying spatial and temporal fire dynamics in tropical savannas.</p> <p>More information about the experimental design can be found in the following publication:</p> <p>Alves, D. B.; Fidelis, A.; Pérez-Cabello, F.; Alvarado, S. T.; Conciani, D. E.; Cambraia, B. C.; Silveira, A. L. P.; Silva, T. S. F. Impact of Image Acquisition Lag-Time on Monitoring Short-Term Postfire Spectral Dynamics in Tropical Savannas: the Campos Amazônicos Fire Experiment. Journal of Applied Remote Sensing v. 16, n. 3 (2022) - <a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.16.034507">https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.16.034507</a></p> <p>_________________________________________________________________________________________________________</p> <p>August 08, 2022 - Version 1.0 includes data from 24 experimental fires carried out in 2019 (12 in Early-Dry Season - EDS; 12 in Middle-Dry Season - MDS), each corresponding to a plot of 1 hectare (100x100 meters). Controlled burning occurred during two separate field campaigns in 2019, the first between May 19th and 25th, and the second between August 22nd and 26th. The files available include: i) a table (Fire_behavior_dataset.csv) that contains the fire parameters calculated for each experimental fire performed; ii) a text file (List_of_variables.rtf), which details each variable available in the table.</p> <p>_________________________________________________________________________________________________________</p> <p>We thank the management team of the Campos Amazônicos National Park, and in particular to its Fire Brigade (squad leaders José Furtado Neto, Genaldo Júnior, Ademilton Carvalho, Simei Limoeiro, José Alexandre Medeiros, Antonio Machado and Leandro Lacerda, and on behalf of them to all other members of the brigade), who ensure safe burning of all fire experiments (SISBIO license number 67210-5). This work was supported by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, grant numbers 2019/07357-8; 2015/06743-0); the Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (CNPq, grant numbers 154660/2018-3; 441968/2018-0; 303988/2018-5)</p>
TABLE 1 in Contributions to the knowledge of Elanela: Elanela jordi sp. nov., from Amazonas, Brazil (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
<p><b><b>TABLE</b> 1.</b> Measurements of <i>Elanelajordi</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (Max = maximum measurement; Min = minimum measurement).</p><table><thead><tr><th colspan="2" rowspan="2"></th><th colspan="2">Males</th><th colspan="2"><b>Females</b></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Mean ± standard deviation</td><td>Max-Min</td><td>Mean ± standard deviation</td><td>Max-Min</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2">Total length</th><td>5.1 ± 0.26</td><td>5.3 - 4.8</td><td>5.9 ± 0.13</td><td>6.1 - 5.8</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2">Abdominal width</th><td>3.3 ± 0.18</td><td>3.6 - 3.1</td><td>3.7 ± 0.08</td><td>3.8 - 3.6</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2">Interocular distance</th><td>0.9 ± 0.04</td><td>0.9 - 0.8</td><td>0.9 ± 0.02</td><td>1.0 - 0.9</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2">Head width</th><td>1.1 ± 0.07</td><td>1.2 - 1.1</td><td>1.2 ± 0.06</td><td>1.2 - 1.1</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2">Head length</th><td>1.0 ± 0.07</td><td>1.1 - 0.9</td><td>0.9 ± 0.02</td><td>1.0 - 0.9</td></tr><tr><th rowspan="5">Antenal segments length</th><td>I</td><td>0.3 ± 0.02</td><td>0.3 - 0.3</td><td>0.3 ± 0.02</td><td>0.3 - 0.2</td></tr><tr><td>II</td><td>0.7 ± 0.04</td><td>0.7 - 0.6</td><td>0.7 ± 0.10</td><td>0.8 - 0.6</td></tr><tr><td>III</td><td>0.6 ± 0.06</td><td>0.7 - 0.6</td><td>0.7 ± 0.04</td><td>0.7 - 0.6</td></tr><tr><td>IV</td><td>1.1 ± 0.03</td><td>1.1 - 1.1</td><td>1.2 ± 0.03</td><td>1.2 - 1.2</td></tr><tr><td>V</td><td>1.2 ± 0.10</td><td>1.2 - 1.1</td><td>0.7 ± 0.76</td><td>1.4 - 1.2</td></tr><tr><th rowspan="4">Rostral segments length</th><td>RI</td><td>0.4 ± 0.03</td><td>0.4 - 0.4</td><td>0.5 ± 0.05</td><td>0.5 - 0.4</td></tr><tr><td>RII</td><td>0.8 ± 0.04</td><td>0.8 - 0.8</td><td>0.8 ± 0.03</td><td>0.9 - 0.8</td></tr><tr><td>RIII</td><td>0.5 ± 0.03</td><td>0.5 - 0.5</td><td>0.6 ± 0.03</td><td>0.6 - 0.5</td></tr><tr><td>RIV</td><td>0.5 ± 0.01</td><td>0.5 - 0.4</td><td>0.5 ± 0.02</td><td>0.5 - 0.5</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2">Pronotum length</th><td>1.3 ± 0.04</td><td>1.3 - 1.2</td><td>1.4 ± 0.04</td><td>1.4 - 1.3</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2">Pronotum width</th><td>3.4 ± 0.08</td><td>3.5 - 3.3</td><td>3.7 ± 0.09</td><td>3.8 - 3.6</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2">Scutellum length</th><td>2.2 ± 0.13</td><td>2.4 - 2.1</td><td>2.5 ± 0.07</td><td>2.6 - 2.4</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2">Scutellum width</th><td>2.2 ± 0.13</td><td>2.3 - 2.0</td><td>2.4 ± 0.06</td><td>2.5 - 2.4</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2">Corium width</th><td>2.9 ± 0.21</td><td>3.1 - 2.6</td><td>3.4 ± 0.02</td><td>3.4 - 3.4</td></tr></tbody></table>
FIGURE 1 in Contributions to the knowledge of Elanela: Elanela jordi sp. nov., from Amazonas, Brazil (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
FIGURE 1. Elanela hevera: (a) Pygophore, dorsal view (dr = dorsal rim; pa = paramere; X = tenth segment); (b) Female external genitalia (gc8 = gonocoxites 8; gc9 = gonocoxites 9; la8 = laterotergites 8; la9 = laterotergites 9; X = tenth segment) (Scale bars = 0.5 mm).
FIGURE 3 in Contributions to the knowledge of Elanela: Elanela jordi sp. nov., from Amazonas, Brazil (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
FIGURE 3. Elanela jordi sp. nov.: (a) Pygophore, dorsal view (dr = dorsal rim; pa = paramere; X = tenth segment); (b) Pygophore, ventral view (ifvr = inferior fold of ventral rim; vr = ventral rim); (c) Left paramere, lateral view; (d) Phallus, posterior view (aa = articulatory apparatus; dc = dorsal connective; pht = phallotheca; ve = vesica); (e) Phallus, anterior view; (f) Phallus, lateral view (pphtII = processus phallothecae II); (g) Female external genitalia (gc8 = gonocoxites 8; gc9 = gonocoxites 9; la8 = laterotergites 8; la9 = laterotergites 9; X = tenth segment); (h) Female internal genitalia (aaf = anterior annular flange; cs = capsula seminalis; ch = chitinellipsen; dr = ductusreceptaculi; g9 = gonapophyses 9; paf = posteriorannularflange; pco = parscommunis; pi = pars intermedialis; tvi = thickeningof vaginalintima; X = tenth segment) (Scale bars: (a)-(b) = 0.5 mm; (c)-(f) = 0.2 mm; (g)-(h) = 1 mm).
FIGURE 2 in Contributions to the knowledge of Elanela: Elanela jordi sp. nov., from Amazonas, Brazil (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
FIGURE 2. Habitus of: (a) Elanelajordi sp. nov., male holotype; (b) Elanela hevera; (c) Elanela kerzhneri, male holotype (Scale bar = 1 mm).
Amazona obscured occurrences, background points, and environmental data
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Introduced species offer insight on whether and how organisms can shift their ecological niches during translocation. The genus <em>Amazona</em> offers a clear test case, where sister species Red-crowned (<em>A. viridigenalis</em>) and Lilac-crowned Parrots (<em>A. finschi</em>) have established breeding populations in southern California following introduction via the pet trade from Mexico where they do not coexist. After establishment in the 1980s, introduced population sizes have increased, with mixed species flocks found throughout urban Los Angeles. Here, we investigate the differences between the environmental conditions of the native and introduced ranges of these now co-occurring species.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Southern California and Mexico.</p> <p><strong>Method</strong>s: Using environmental data on climate and habitat from their native and introduced ranges, we tested whether Red-crowned and Lilac-crowned Parrots have divergent realized niches between their native ranges, and whether each species has significantly shifted its realized niche to inhabit urban southern California. We also analyzed data from Texas and Florida introductions of Red-crowned Parrots for comparative analysis.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>There are significant differences in the native-range niches of both parrot species, but a convergence into a novel, shared environmental niche into urban southern California, characterized by colder temperatures, less tree cover, and lower rainfall. Texas and Florida Red-crowned Parrots also show evidence for niche shifts with varying levels of niche conservatism through the establishment of somewhat different realized niches.</p> <p><strong>Main Conclusions: </strong>Despite significant niche shifts, introduced parrots are thriving, suggesting a broad fundamental niche and an ability to exploit urban resources. Unique niche shifts in different U.S. introductions indicate that <em>Amazona</em> parrots can adapt to diverse environmental conditions, with cities offering a resource niche and the timing of introduction playing a crucial role. Cities can potentially serve as refugia for threatened parrot species, but the risk of hybridization between species emphasizes the need for ongoing monitoring and genetic investigations.</p>
Fig. 4 in Description of a new species of Microglanis (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae) from the Amazon basin, Amazonas State, Brazil
Fig. 4. Scatter diagram of nine species of Microglanis on first and second axis of size-free Canonical Variates Analysis: (circle) Microglanis iheringi (n = 4); (diamond) M. pellopterygius (n = 2); (asterisk) M. poecilus (n = 5); (triangle) M. secundus (n = 8); (plus) M. cibelae (n = 12); (square) M. cottoides (n = 5); (black square) M. malabarbai (n = 2); (X) M. nigripinnis (n = 3); (black circle) M. lundbergi (n = 8).
Fig. 2 in Description of a new species of Microglanis (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae) from the Amazon basin, Amazonas State, Brazil
Fig. 2. Dorsal view of left pectoral spine of Microglanis lundbergi INPA 28577, 27.7 mm SL, holotype, rio Solimões, Tefé, Costa das Capivaras, Amazonas, Brazil. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Fig. 3 in Description of a new species of Microglanis (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae) from the Amazon basin, Amazonas State, Brazil
Fig. 3. Map of distribution (black dots) of Microglanis lundbergi. Red star = type locality. Brazilian states acronym: AC = Acre; AM = Amazonas; AP = Amapá; MT = Mato Grosso; PA = Pará; RR = Roraima.
Fig. 1 in Description of a new species of Microglanis (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae) from the Amazon basin, Amazonas State, Brazil
Fig. 1. Dorsal (a), lateral (b) and ventral (c) view of Microglanis lundbergi, INPA 28577, holotype, 27.7 mm SL, rio Solimões, Tefé, Costa das Capivaras, Amazonas, Brazil.
Fig. 4 in Feeding ecology of immature Lithodoras dorsalis (Valenciennes, 1840) (Siluriformes: Doradidae) in a tidal environment, estuary of the rio Amazonas
Fig. 4. Trophic niche breadth recorded for Lithodoras dorsalis on the rio Amazonas mouth, Pará, Brazil, from July 2010 to June 2011. The solid line represents the niche breadth values and the dashed line indicates mean pluviosity registered for the studied region.
Fig. 2 in Feeding ecology of immature Lithodoras dorsalis (Valenciennes, 1840) (Siluriformes: Doradidae) in a tidal environment, estuary of the rio Amazonas
Fig. 2. Box-plot of Lithodoras dorsalis Repletion Index (RI%) at the rio Amazonas mouth, Brazil, from July 2010 to June 2011.
Fig. 3 in Feeding ecology of immature Lithodoras dorsalis (Valenciennes, 1840) (Siluriformes: Doradidae) in a tidal environment, estuary of the rio Amazonas
Fig. 3. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling based on the Alimentary Index (AIi%) of all food items consumed by the rock-bacu Lithodoras dorsalis among pluviometric periods, rio Amazonas mouth region, Brazil.
Fig. 1 in Feeding ecology of immature Lithodoras dorsalis (Valenciennes, 1840) (Siluriformes: Doradidae) in a tidal environment, estuary of the rio Amazonas
Fig. 1. Location of study area near the mouth of the rio Amazonas in Brazil. A, Location of Brazil on South America; B, rio Amazonas mouth with the sampling site; C, Study area (specimens were collected within the shaded area).
Fig. 4 in Growth of the Cichla temensis Humboldt, 1821 (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from the middle rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil
Fig. 4. Variation in the condition factor (a), gonadosomatic index (b), and marginal relative increment (c) of Cichla temensis according to hydrological period and the water level of the middle rio Negro between October 2011 and September 2012.
Fig. 3 in Growth of the Cichla temensis Humboldt, 1821 (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from the middle rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil
Fig. 3. Relationship between standard length (cm) and total scale radius (mm) of Cichla temensis from the middle rio Negro. SL = standard length; SR = scale radius.
Fig. 5 in Growth of the Cichla temensis Humboldt, 1821 (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from the middle rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil
Fig. 5. Relative frequency distribution of RMI observed on scales of Cichla temensis from the middle rio Negro for each hydrological period.
Fig. 2 in Growth of the Cichla temensis Humboldt, 1821 (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from the middle rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil
Fig. 2. Frequency distribution of distances between the focus and each annulus identified on the scales of Cichla temensis from the middle rio Negro.
Fig. 1 in Growth of the Cichla temensis Humboldt, 1821 (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from the middle rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil
Fig. 1. Middle and lower stretch of the rio Negro (Amazonas, Brazilian Amazonia), with sampling area of Cichla temensis near the Barcelos municipality highlighted by a circle.
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