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1,357 results for “Amazonia”
Solar spectral irradiance measurements above and in-canopy (SLOCS and CloudRoots Amazonia, 2022)
<p> </p> <p><strong>Shedding Light On CloudRoots</strong></p> <p>Solar spectral irradiance measurements made with the sensors produced within the Shedding Light On Cloud Shadows (SLOCS) project, deployed at the CloudRoots Amazonia 2022 campaign. </p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>Level 0 (raw): the raw data as it comes from the instruments</li> <li>Level 1 (L1): data in NetCDF format with metadata, quality control, homogenized factory calibration (counts bin-1 dt-1)</li> <li>Level 2 (L2): calibrated L1 data in W m-2 nm-1</li> <li>extras: this folder includes reference calibration spectra and data quality quicklooks</li> </ul> <p>Data is available at 1 Hz (resampled) and 10 Hz (native) resolution. 10 Hz resolution is compressed using NetCDF compression with gzip level 5 (uncompressed is 1.13 GB per date).</p> <p><strong>Data quality and uncertainty<br></strong></p> <p>Please note this dataset is in version 0.1.0, meaning you should use the dataset with caution. Not all unphysical data may have been flagged as such, and spectral calibration is an estimate based on a simple modelled spectrum. This modelled spectrum is a standard tropical atmosphere without aerosols, and is not run with observed profiles except an ERA5 estimate of total column water vapour. Please refer to 'extras' for technical validation of the spectral calibration method, and LibRadtran input/output files.</p> <p>A production (1.0) version will be released as soon data is fully validated.</p> <p>Lower-end uncertainty can be estimated by looking at the sensor to sensor spread at wavelength level during the calibration measurements. In the calibration phase, all sensors were co-located and homogenized at wavelength level. The 13:50 to 14:10 UTC time on August 7 is the reference frame for spectral calibration. </p> <p>Other sources of uncertainty are difficult to quantify due to measurements taking place in a very heteregeneous forest. These uncertainties relate primarily to the less-than-perfect placement of sensors on the towers in comparison to the reference calibration phase. </p> <p>Sensor 18 is only available in raw data or calibrated data. Precalibration (homogenizing) is not possible given its deviating spectral filter set compared to the others (sensor version 3b vs. 3a). </p> <p><strong>Technical information</strong></p> <ul> <li>The NetCDF files comply with CF1.7 where applicable.</li> <li>Metadata include sensor location (altitude relative to ground and sea level, lat, lon). </li> <li>Code for processing raw data to NetCDF available at <a href="../records/10159129">https://zenodo.org/records/10159129</a></li> <li>Calibration of raw sensor units to spectral irradiance is done using a reference clear-sky spectrum simulated with LibRadtran. Settings and output is included in "extras".</li> </ul> <p><strong>More information</strong></p> <ul> <li><a href="https://chiel.ghost.io/slocs">SLOCS project homepage</a></li> <li><a href="https://cloudroots.wur.nl/">CloudRoots project homepage</a></li> <li>2022 campaign reference paper is in preparation</li> <li>See 'related works' for the instrument reference paper </li> </ul>
Dataset containing binominal lexemes in Harakmbut (isolate, Peru), for "The derivational use of classifiers in Western Amazonia" and "When the alienability contrast fails to surface in adnominal possession: Bound nouns in Harakmbut"
<p>This is the dataset used, amongst others, in the paper: Van linden, An. Forthcoming. When the alienability contrast fails to surface in adnominal possession: Bound nouns in Harakmbut. Special Issue “Re-assessing the explanatory potential of alienability contrasts”, guest-edited by Françoise Rose & An Van linden. <em>Linguistics – An Interdisciplinary Journal of the Language Sciences</em>. [<a href="https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2022-0039">https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2022-0039</a>]</p> <p>For more details, see the ReadMe file.</p>
CLDF dataset derived from Valenzuela, Pilar and Roberto Zariquiey's " Language classification in Western Amazonia: advances in favor of the Pano-Takana Hypothesis" from 2023
<p>Cite the source of the dataset as:</p> <blockquote> <p>Valenzuela, Pilar and Zariquiey, Roberto (2023). Language classification in Western Amazonia: advances in favor of the Pano-Takana Hypothesis. LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas, Campinas, SP. https://doi.org/10.20396/liames.v23i00.8670150</p> </blockquote>
Replication data for "The uncertain future of protected lands and waters" - protected area base layer for Amazonia
<p>We created a database of terrestrial and coastal protected areas (PAs) for all nine Amazonian countries following the IUCN definition for PAs and including only state-designated and state-managed PAs. We used the best available sources of archival data, including original legal documents, to confirm information about PAs. We included PAs that currently exist, as well as those that existed previously but have been degazetted. We note that this database differs from the World Database of Protected Areas (WDPA) for several reasons:</p> <p>• we focus on nationally-designated PAs and omit international or local designations</p> <p>• we include previously protected areas</p> <p>• we exclude other area-based conservation interventions other than state-designated and state-managed PAs (such as indigenous lands, privately protected areas, recreational sites, and community based natural resource management areas) which are included in the WDPA in certain countries</p> <p>• We use the establishment date as provided in each PA’s gazettement legal document, rather than the Status Year field in the WDPA, which lists the year that the PA’s current designation was established (46)</p> <p>• We use the spatial extent as provided in each PA’s gazettement legal document, rather than the spatial extent provided in the WDPA. The spatial extent in the WDPA (Rep_Area) is reported by nations and may represent the area as measured in GIS or paper maps, rather than the legally gazetted area.</p> <p>See Table S16 for detailed information by country describing the sources of PA data used for the nine Amazonian countries. </p> <p>Citation of original paper: Golden Kroner, R. E., Qin, S., Cook, C. N., Krithivasan, R., Pack, S. M., Bonilla, O. D., Cort-Kansinally, K. A., Coutinho, B., Feng, M., Martínez Garcia, M. I., He, Y., Kennedy, C. J., Lebreton, C., Ledezma, J. C., Lovejoy, T. E., Luther, D. A., Parmanand, Y., Ruíz-Agudelo, C. A., Yerena, E., … Mascia, M. B. (2019). The uncertain future of protected lands and waters. <em>Science</em>, <em>364</em>(6443), 881–886. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau5525">https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau5525</a></p>
Benchmark map of deforestation for Amazonia
<p><strong>Title: </strong>Benchmark map of deforestation for Amazonia</p> <p><strong>Contact:</strong> Celso H. L. Silva-Junior (celsohlsj@gmail.com)</p> <p><strong>Data:</strong> Old-growth forest deforestation</p> <p><strong>Coverage:</strong> Amazonia</p> <p><strong>Period:</strong> 1986 to onwards (according to new MapBiomas project collections)</p> <p><strong>Spatial resolution:</strong> 30-meters</p> <p><strong>Temporal resolution:</strong> Annual</p> <p><strong>Coordinate reference system:</strong> Geographic Coordinate System with Datum WGS-84</p> <p><strong>File format: </strong>The zip file contains nine tiles in compressed TIFF format. The pixel values represent the year of deforestation.</p> <p><strong>Code:</strong> <a href="https://github.com/celsohlsj/amazonia_deforestation">https://github.com/celsohlsj/amazonia_deforestation</a></p> <p><strong>Dataset usage</strong>: It is free to use, but if you use this dataset in your work, please cite the repository and our paper correctly. We also welcome users to invite us for collaboration.</p> <p><strong>Associated publication: </strong>Silveira, M.V. F., Silva-Junior, C.H.L., Anderson, L.O., Aragão, L.E.O.C. Amazon fires in the 21st century: the year of 2020 in evidence. Global Ecology and Biogeography (2022). https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13577</p> <p><strong>For this dataset, please use the following references:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Silveira, M.V. F., et al. Amazon fires in the 21st century: the year of 2020 in evidence. <em>Global Ecology and Biogeography</em> (2022). doi: 10.1111/geb.13577</li> <li>Silva-Junior, C. H. L. . (2022). Benchmark maps of deforestation for Amazonia [Data set]. <em>Zenodo</em>. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6808579</li> </ul>
Spatiotemporal Assessment and Composition of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities in the Bermejo River Basin in the Ecuadorian Amazonia
The information includes biotic and ecological index data of benthic macroinvertebrates collected in the Ecuadorian Amazon Region. The biotic indexes are taxonomic abundance, richness, evenness, diversity, and dominance. The ecological indexes refer to the ecological water quality as determined by pollution-tolerant macroinvertebrates. The datasets also include physicochemical parameters for water quality determination. The dataset has been completed,; however, it may be updated if new information is generated.
Figure 1-4 in Two new species of Xanthopimpla (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from Western Amazonia, with a revised key to the Neotropical species of the genus
Figure 1-4. Xanthopimpla amazonica sp. n. 1 Holotype female, lateral view. 2 propodeum, dorsal view. 3 propodeum, lateral view. 4 head, postero-lateral view.
Fig. 5 in Siphonophoridae from Brazilian Amazonia Part 1 - The genus Columbianum Verhoeff, 1941 (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida)
Fig. 5. Columbianum nahvalr sp. nov. A. Midbody rings from lateral view, showing pronounced difference between pro- and metazonite and shape of pleurites. B. 'Channel' between pro- and metazonite in dorsal view of male showing tubercles and line of setae. C. Tarsal claw and accessory claw of midbody leg from right side of male, in anterior dorsal view. D. Gonopods of holotype male, lateral view with anterior gonopods to right. E. Gonopods of small, presumably immature male, in lateral view, anterior gonopds to left. Scale bars = A, D–E = 0.2 mm; B–C = 0.01 mm.
Fig. 4 in Siphonophoridae from Brazilian Amazonia Part 1 - The genus Columbianum Verhoeff, 1941 (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida)
Fig. 4. Columbianum nahvalr sp. nov. A. Head and anterior body rings of male, showing the appearance of gonopods in a 'relaxed specimen'. Body width approximately 1 mm. B. Close up of gonopods in a 'relaxed' specimen. Body width approximately 1 mm. C. Head of holotype male in dorsal view. Note long setae originating from base of rostrum. D. Head and rostrum of female in dorsal view. E. Head and rostrum of female in lateral view. Scale bars = C = 0.2 mm; D–E = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 3 in Siphonophoridae from Brazilian Amazonia Part 1 - The genus Columbianum Verhoeff, 1941 (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida)
Fig. 3. Columbianum major sp. nov. A. Tarsal claw and accessory claw of midbody leg from right side of male, anterior view. B–F. Gonopods of holotype male. B. In situ (apex of posterior gonopod hidden behind the anterior gonopods). C. Anterior gonopod in lateral view. D. Anterior gonopod in mesal view. E. Posterior view in lateral view (apex broken). F. Posterior gonopods in mesal view (apex broken). Scale bars = A = 0.01 mm; B–F = 0.2 mm.
Fig. 1 in Siphonophoridae from Brazilian Amazonia Part 1 - The genus Columbianum Verhoeff, 1941 (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida)
Fig. 1. Body width (mm) against the total number of tergites with legs for new species of Columbianum Verhoeff, 1941. A. Males. B. Females.
Fig. 2 in Siphonophoridae from Brazilian Amazonia Part 1 - The genus Columbianum Verhoeff, 1941 (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida)
Fig. 2. Columbianum major sp. nov. A. Habitus of largest female paratype from Reserva Duche Terra Firme. Total length 43 mm. B–C, E–F. Holotype, ♂. B. Head and anterior tergites in dorsal view. C. Head and anterior rings in lateral view. D. Paratype, ♂. Limbus of midbody metazonite of male in posterior view. E. Pleurites in lateral view, midbody rings (anterior to left). F. Pleurites in lateral view, rings 6 and 7 (anterior to left). Scale bars = B–C, E–F = 0.2 mm; D = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 6 in Siphonophoridae from Brazilian Amazonia Part 1 - The genus Columbianum Verhoeff, 1941 (Diplopoda, Siphonophorida)
Fig. 6. Columbianum adisi sp. nov. A. Head and first few rings of male in dorsal view. B. Dorsal view of midbody ring from male showing detail of tubercles. C. Dorsal view of midbody ring from male showing detail of limbus. D. Midbody ring from male showing hind edge of pleurite from the inside. E. Midbody claw and accessory claw from male in posterior ventral view. F. Male anterior gonopods in situ. G. Male gonopods in lateral view, posterior (left) and anterior (right). H. Lateral view of pleurites from front end of female paratype. Anterior to left. Scale bars = A, D, F = 0.1 mm; B–C, E = 0.01 mm; G–H = 0.2 mm.
Phylogenomics indicates Amazonia as the major source of Neotropical swarm-founding social wasp diversity
The Neotropical realm harbors unparalleled species richness and hence has challenged biologists to explain the cause of its high biotic diversity. Empirical studies to shed light on the processes underlying biological diversification in the Neotropics are focused mainly on vertebrates and plants, with little attention to the hyperdiverse insect fauna. Here, we use phylogenomic data from ultraconserved element (UCE) loci to reconstruct for the first time the evolutionary history of Neotropical swarm-founding social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Epiponini). Using maximum likelihood, Bayesian, and species tree approaches we recovered a highly resolved phylogeny for epiponine wasps. Additionally, we estimated divergence dates, diversification rates, and the biogeographic history for these insects in order to test whether the group followed a "museum" (speciation events occurred gradually over many millions of years) or "cradle" (lineages evolved rapidly over a short time period) model of diversification. The origin of many genera and all sampled extant Epiponini species occurred during the Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene. Moreover, we detected no major shifts in the estimated diversification rate during the evolutionary history of Epiponini, suggesting a relatively gradual accumulation of lineages with low extinction rates. Several lines of evidence suggest that the Amazonian region played a major role in the evolution of Epiponini wasps. This spatio-temporal diversification pattern, most likely concurrent with climatic and landscape changes in the Neotropics during the Miocene and Pliocene, establishes the Amazonian region as the major source of Neotropical swarm-founding social wasp diversity.
List of putatively rare species in the Neotropics and Amazonia, with distance between doubletons
<p>Appendix to Zizka et al 2016</p> <p>Species occurrences in Appendix 3 downloaded from www.gbif.org, doi:10.15468/dl.om11gi.</p>
FIGURE 8 in ISABELA CARVALHO BRCKO, MARINUS STEVEN HOOGMOED & SELVINO NECKEL- OLIVEIRA (2013) Taxonomy and distribution of the salamander genus Bolitoglossa Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae) in Brazilian Amazonia. Zootaxa, 3686 (4), 401-431.
FIGURE 8. Distribution map of Bolitoglossa paraensis and Bolitoglossa tapajonica sp. nov. Type-localities: B. paraensis (Santa Isabel do Pará, black cross), B. tapajonica sp. nov. (Juruti, black triangle). Other localities: B. paraensis (open crosses: 1 Primavera, 2 Bragança, 3 Ilha de Mosqueiro, 4 Santa Bárbara do Pará, 5 Benevides, 6 Belém, 7 Ourém, 8 Barcarena, 9 Mojú, 10 Tailândia); B. tapajonica sp. nov. (open triangles: 11 Juruti localities, 12 Vitória do Xingú, 13 Itaituba localities. Specimen from Serra do Tumucumaque, Amapá indicated with asterisk. Specimens from Canindé, Pará indicated with circle with cross inside.
Data from: More than 10,000 pre-Columbian earthworks are still hidden throughout Amazonia
<p><strong>Dataset:</strong> This set of data and R computer codes were used to create the predictive model, figures, and develop analysis on the manuscript "Over 10,000 Pre-Columbian earthworks are still hidden throughout Amazonia" submitted to Science journal as a research article (DOI: ...ade2541). Please read the materials and methods sections on the manuscript supplementary materials, along with the data provided in the "Database" folder, to ensure reproducibility.</p><p><strong>Earthwork Predictive Model:</strong> The Inhomogeneous Poisson Process (IPP) model fit was performed using the 'fit_bayesPO' function of the 'bayesPO' library in R version 4.0.2. The model was developed by the author of the package Guido Alberti Moreira. The outputs in linear and logarithmic (base 10) scale are also available in '.tif' format at 1km spatial resolution.</p><p><strong>Figures: </strong>Figures created from R computer codes presented on the Main text are inside the "MainText_figures" folder, and Supplementary material figures are inside the "SuppMaterial_figures" folder. Please utilize the instructions in the supplementary material in conjunction with the data in the "database" folder to ensure reproducibility.</p><p><strong>Dataset usage</strong>: It is free to use, but if you use this dataset in your work, please make sure to cite the repository and our paper properly. We also welcome users to invite us for collaboration.</p><p><strong>For the use of this dataset, please cite:</strong></p><ul><li>Vinicius Peripato <i>et al.</i>, More than 10,000 pre-Columbian earthworks are still hidden throughout Amazonia. <i>Science </i><strong>382</strong>, 103-109 (2023). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ade2541">10.1126/science.ade2541</a></li><li>Vinicius Peripato <i>et al.</i>, Data from: More than 10,000 Pre-Columbian earthworks are still hidden throughout Amazonia (2023). DOI: <a href="https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.7750985">10.5281/zenodo.7750985</a></li></ul>
Figure 6 in A minute ostracod (Crustacea: Cytheromatidae) from the Miocene Solim oes Formation (western Amazonia, Brazil): evidence for marine incursions?
Figure 6. Tentative middle Miocene palaeogeography of the Caribbean realm and South America (based on Iturralde-Vinent & MacPhee 1999; Del Ŕıo 2000; Herńandez et al. 2005; Hoorn et al. 2010b; Candela et al. 2012; extent of the Paranaense Sea probably too large (dashed blue line); compare Acenolaza 2000; Cione et al. 2011; Ruskin et al. 2011) and Miocene records of Pellucistoma (the late Miocene P. magniventra (Florida) and P. aff. spurium (Bahamas) records are not displayed; compare Fig. 5).
Figure 4. d18O and d13C in A minute ostracod (Crustacea: Cytheromatidae) from the Miocene Solim oes Formation (western Amazonia, Brazil): evidence for marine incursions?
Figure 4. d18O and d13C isotopic ratios of Cyprideis species associated with Pellucistoma curupira sp. nov. Abbreviation: no.s., number of shells used for analysis. Grey shaded polygons display the range of results obtained from fossil and Recent ostracods from the Eiruneṕe region (Gross et al. 2013). (Note: the indicated range for modern rivers and floodplain lakes is based on aragonitic mollusc shells (Wesselingh et al. 2006), which give somewhat heavier values for the same environmental parameters compared to ostracod calcite (Grossman & Ku 1986)).
Figure 5 in A minute ostracod (Crustacea: Cytheromatidae) from the Miocene Solim oes Formation (western Amazonia, Brazil): evidence for marine incursions?
Figure 5. Fossil and Recent records of Pellucistoma species (mean annual sea surface temperature (SST) based on NASA data (http:// svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.html; accessed 18 September 2014); for details see Supplemental Material 1 and 2; species only known from the fossil record marked with †.
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