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9,894 results for “Americanization”
Juvenile Salmonid Emigration Monitoring in the Lower American River, California.
Overview Operation of rotary screw traps on the Lower American River is part of a collaborative effort by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, and the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. The primary objectives of the study are to collect data that can be used to estimate the passage of juvenile fall-run Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and to quantify the raw catch of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss as well as winter, spring, and late fall runs of Chinook Salmon. Secondary objectives of the trapping operations focus on collecting biological data on juvenile salmonids and gathering environmental data that will be used to develop models that correlate environmental parameters with salmonid size, temporal presence, abundance, and production. The data package contains seven datasets including: raw catch, trap operation, environmental, and trap efficiency data. Raw Catch – Chinook Dataset This dataset covers ALL Chinook Salmon captured by the rotary screw traps. This spreadsheet includes biological data on: 1) unmarked fall-, spring-, and winter-run Chinook Salmon 2) marked (adipose clipped OR "fin clip") hatchery origin Chinook Salmon 3) recaptured marked fall-run (BBY OR "Pigment / Dye", Photonic Dye, and VIE OR "Elastomer") Chinook Salmon utilized in trap efficiency trials. Raw Catch – Steelhead Dataset This dataset covers ALL steelhead captured by the rotary screw traps. This spreadsheet includes biological data on: 1) unmarked (natural origin) steelhead 2) marked (adipose clipped OR "fin clip") hatchery origin steelhead 3) recaptured marked steelhead utilized in trap efficiency trials. Raw Catch – ByCatch Dataset This dataset provides biological data on ALL catch (EXCLUDING Chinook Salmon or steelhead) captured by the rotary screw traps. All catch in this table is of natural origin. Trap Operations Dataset This dataset provides trap operation data for each trap visit. Specifically, it includes data on the visit
Lower American River restoration snorkel surveys at the project and control reaches
Sacramento Water Forum will implement spawning and rearing habitat enhancement projects on the Lower American River at the Lower Sailor Bar, Nimbus Basin, and Upper River Bend reaches. Enhancements include installation of gravel to restore over 18 acres of spawning habitat and in-channel/floodplain grading to create over 14 acres of rearing habitat. Construction of Lower Sailor Bar and Nimbus Basin were completed in summer 2022 and Upper River Bend was completed in summer 2023.The goal of the projects is to increase existing spawning and rearing habitat for salmonids under typical flows. This work supports effectiveness monitoring for this project, including spawning and rearing (snorkel) surveys before and after restoration. This work also informs performance metrics and adaptive management strategies.
Lower American River steelhead and Chinook stranding surveys, California, 2016 - 2025
Steelhead stranding surveys have been conducted on the Lower American River (LAR) for the years 2016-2025. Reclamation’s mission is to manage, develop and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American people. In the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) most recent biological opinion (2009), the presence of dams was identified as the most influential stressor to steelhead on the American River because it blocks passage to historic spawning and rearing habitat. Thus, Reclamation is required to monitor the effects of flow regulation by dams on the steelhead life stages present in the river system. Congruently, Reclamation has committed to significant restoration actions including salmonid spawning and rearing habitat rehabilitation on the Lower American River, which also require accurate and robust monitoring. These surveys support the mission and monitoring requirements of Reclamation by collecting the stranding data required to effectively conduct analyses of the effects of regulating Folsom and Nimbus dams on this federally listed species’ critical life stage development and support operational decision making.
Projected Snow Cover Reductions and Mid-latitude Cyclone Responses in the North American Great Plains, 1986 - 2005
Extratropical cyclones are responsible for major weather events and trends in the mid-latitudes and preferentially develop in regions of enhanced cyclogenesis and proceed along climatological storm tracks. It has been shown that terrestrial snow cover exerts considerable influence on atmospheric baroclinicity which is largely responsible for the aforementioned cyclogeneses and storm tracks. Research about the effect which terrestrial snow cover exerts on cyclones' intensities, trajectories, and precipitation characteristics is limited but indicates a robust relationship with these factors. Many examinations of climate model projections have generally shown a poleward shift in storm tracks by the late 21st century though none have determined the degree to which the coincident poleward shift in snow extent is responsible. A method of imposing 10th, 50th, and 90th percentile values of snow retreat between the late 20th and 21st centuries as projected by 14 models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase Five (CMIP5) is used to alter 20 historical cold season cyclones which tracked over or adjacent to the North American Great Plains. Simulations by the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecast Model (WRF-ARW) are initialized at 0 to 4 days prior to cyclogenesis. Including control and sensitivity testing wherein snow is unaltered or removed entirely, each cyclone case is simulated 25 times for a total of 500 simulations.
Survey of Native American Archaeological Sites in Massachusetts 12000-300 BP
The interpretation that pre-contact Native American land-use played an increasing role in landscape dynamics through the Holocene is prevalent in historical, scientific and popular literature. This exerts a strong influence on modern conservation practices especially the use of prescribed fire (Cronon 1984, Abrams 2002, Pyne 1984, Mann 2002) and yet there has never been a robust analysis of relevant archaeological and paleoecological data on the subject. This data is used in the archaeological component of a larger National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded research project intended to analyze the triggers and drivers of ecosystem dynamics. More specifically, the research aims to determine the role of human activity (fire, land clearance, horticulture) in shaping vegetation dynamics. Some of the alternative hypotheses examined in the archaeological analysis include: (1) do we see progressively intensive cultural development and increasingly intensive land use throughout the pre-Contact period?; (2) do we see cultural continuity with fairly passive responses to environmental change and minimal ecological impact of people?; or (3) is cultural adaptation environmental and/or cultural specific, with clear influence of human agency? Our collaborative ecological and social research (Duranleau 2009, Foster and Aber 2004, Chilton et al. 2010) position us to undertake such a regional synthesis as one critical element of the proposed study on ecological dynamics and regime shifts. This synthesis will allow us to consider basic ecological questions concerning interactions among climate, disturbance and human activity in ecosystem dynamics; provide a landscape and regional test of a hypothesis put forth by Munoz et al. (2010) concerning the link between environmental change and cultural development in northeastern North America; and position our archaeological community to apply new ecological perspectives to their research. The archaeological component is derived from intensive
Coastal Native American Archaeological Sites in New York and Southern New England 12000-400 BP
Information on coastal Native American archaeological sites in New York and southern New England was compiled from various state historical commissions. The data include the following characteristics: Project Area, Project Size, and Cultural Remains, which identifies the presence of either pre-Contact (PRE) or historic (HI) material, or the lack of cultural material (NCM). Site type Site Type delineates the type of pre-Contact site represented by the artifacts and features identified at a location, which ranges from a Find Spot (FS) (a tool or piece of chipping debris found on the surface or found alone), and a Short-term Site (ST) (presence of artifacts indicating temporary use of a location), to a Seasonal Site (SE) (a site containing evidence of repeated occupation over long periods of time and with features and evidence for a broad range of activities), and a Sedentary Site (SD) (evidence of year-round habitation in form of botanical, faunal, fish and shellfish remains; presence of hearths, storage pits and middens; large variety and great quantity of tool types). Time periods Time Periods include: the Paleoindian Period (P) (12,000-10,000 BP); Early Archaic (EA) (10,000-8000 BP), Middle Archaic (MA) (8000-6000 BP), Late Archaic (LA) (6000-3000 BP), Transitional Archaic (TA) (3500-2500 BP), Early Woodland (EW) (3000-2000 BP), Middle Woodland (MW) (2000-1000 BP), Late Woodland (LW) (1000-500 BP), Contact period (C) (A.D. 1500-1620), and sites of unknown temporal affiliation (U). Activities The activities represented by the artifacts recovered from the sites include: lithic tool repair (LTR) (chipping debris), lithic workshop (LTW) (chipping debris, hammerstones, cores), hunting (HU) (faunal material and/or projectile points), fishing (FI) (net weights, fish hooks, fish bone), shellfish gathering (SG) (presence of shell), plant gathering (PG) (presence of charred seeds and/or nuts), food processing (FP) (bifaces, scrapers, knives, blades, and other lithic tools, f
Lower American River restoration spawning surveys at project and control reaches (2022 - 2024)
Sacramento Water Forum has implemented spawning and rearing habitat enhancement projects on the Lower American River at the Lower Sailor Bar, Nimbus Basin, Upper River Bend and Lower River Bend reaches. Enhancements include installation of gravel to restore over 28 acres of spawning habitat and in-channel/floodplain grading to create over 44 acres of rearing habitat. Construction of Lower Sailor Bar and Nimbus Basin were completed in summer 2022, Upper River Bend was completed in summer 2023, and Lower River Bend was completed in summer 2024. The goal of the projects is to increase existing spawning and rearing habitat for salmonids under typical flows. This work supports effectiveness monitoring for this project, including spawning and rearing (snorkel) surveys before and after restoration. This work also informs performance metrics and adaptive management strategies.
Lower American River steelhead spawning surveys (Chinook and lamprey data included), California, 2002 to 2025
Steelhead spawning surveys have been conducted on the Lower American River (LAR) for the years 2002-2005, 2007, and 2009-2025. These surveys in conjunction with annual escapement estimates to Nimbus Fish Hatchery, are used to provide a yearly index of in-river and over all spawning abundance. Reclamation’s mission is to manage, develop and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American people. In the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) most recent biological opinion (2009), the presence of dams was identified as the most influential stressor to steelhead on the American River because it blocks passage to historic spawning and rearing habitat. Thus, Reclamation is required to monitor the effects of flow regulation by dams on the steelhead life stages present in the river system. Congruently, Reclamation has committed to significant restoration actions including salmonid spawning and rearing habitat rehabilitation on the Lower American River, which also require accurate and robust monitoring. These surveys support the mission and monitoring requirements of Reclamation by collecting the spawning data required to effectively conduct analyses of the effects of regulating Folsom and Nimbus dams on this federally listed species’ critical life stage development and support operational decision making.
2021-2024 Juvenile Chinook Salmon Rearing and Growth on the Lower American River, California
The primary goal of the Central Valley Project Improvement Act is to at least double natural production of Chinook Salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) in California Central Valley (CCV) streams on a sustainable basis. Beginning in 2008, semi-annual gravel augmentation and off channel habitat enhancement projects were implemented on the Lower American River (LAR) by Reclamation and USFWS, in partnership with the Sacramento Water Forum, as part of the LAR habitat enhancement program. The overall vision for the habitat enhancement program is to restore ecosystem processes by rehabilitating and enhancing critical channel, floodplain, and riparian habitats for juvenile and adult anadromous salmonids, thus promoting the recovery of healthy and diverse Chinook Salmon and steelhead ( O. mykiss ) populations. Off channel rearing habitat has been identified as a limiting factor in meeting CCV salmon population goals. While numerous studies have documented positive relationships between off channel habitat and juvenile rearing on the LAR, it is not known how long juveniles remain in off channel habitat compared with the main channel, whether rearing in off channel habitat enhances growth compared with the main channel, whether the relative value of off channel habitat for juvenile production depends on how long it has been inundated, or whether juvenile diet in off channel habitat differs from that in the main channel. To better understand these relationships, we conducted a mark-recapture study under a range of hydrological conditions between 2021-2024 using passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagged wild juvenile Chinook Salmon coupled with seining surveys at five off channel restoration sites on the LAR designed for rearing, as well as nearby main channel control sites that were also suitable rearing habitat. First, we investigated whether side channel habitats in restored reaches support higher Chinook Salmon densities than main channel control habitats. Density was estim
Hubbard Brook Nitrogen Oligotrophication (HBNO): Foliar resorption, leaf mass per area, and leaf chemistry of sugar maple and American beech, 2020-2022
We quantified nitrogen (N) resorption of the two dominant tree species of northern hardwood forests along an elevation gradient using 14 sites at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH. For these calculations, we also quantified the leaf mass per area for both species, sugar maple and American beech. The original data before averaging for combining with chemistry data is available in an earlier revision of this dataset. Foliar N of sugar maple increased, and N resorption proficiency (NRP) decreased with increasing elevation. In contrast, foliar N and NRP of American beech did not vary significantly with elevation, suggesting that the mechanisms driving patterns of N resorption were distinct between these co-occurring species. While both species exhibited strong correlations between resorption efficiency of C and N, resorption of both elements was much greater for beech than maple. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
History and Dynamics of American Beech in Coastal New England 1620-2006
Variation in forest response to hurricane disturbance in coastal New England Research on disturbance in forest ecosystems has generally focused on either catastrophic disturbances generating stand-replacing successional sequences, or small-scale disturbances (e.g. individual tree-fall gaps) resulting in tree-by-tree replacement. The role of moderate disturbances in forest development, in contrast, is poorly understood. While the most severe hurricanes can cause catastrophic disturbance, the vast majority of hurricanes that affect forests from the Caribbean to the northeastern United States are moderate in intensity. In this study we examine both individual and population level responses of beech (Fagus grandifolia) and oak species (Quercus spp.) to hurricanes of varying intensity in coastal Massachusetts. We characterize growth response to disturbance using a novel approach that explicitly compares the range of growth responses observed following known disturbances to the range of growth responses in non-event years. The tree species exhibited a wide range of growth and regeneration responses to hurricanes; however, only a single storm caused dramatic increases in growth and new establishment for beech. The results of this study highlight the importance of wind disturbance in the establishment and persistence of beech, and suggest that while some moderate disturbances have little or no effect on species growth and regeneration dynamics, individual storms may have substantial impacts. Forest response to wind storms of varying, but moderate intensities, depended on local site conditions, including environmental, meteorological, topographical, historical and biological factors. Beech dominance in a coastal New England forest Monodominant forests occur in a wide range of tropical and temperate ecosystems, but the mechanisms enabling their development are not well understood. This study examines the history and dynamics of beech-dominated forests in coastal New England i
Crustacean Zooplankton Species Richness in 66 North American Lakes
Data from 66 North American lakes were collected to construct a model for predicting the number of crustacean zooplankton species expected in a lake. The chosen lakes have a range from 4 sq m to 80 x 10**9 sq m surface area, range from ultra-oligotrophic to hypereutrophic, and have zooplankton species lists based of several years of observation The number of crustacean zooplankton species in a lake is significantly correlated with lake size, average rate of photosynthesis (parabolic function) and the number of lakes within 20 km. A multiple linear regression model, using these three independent variables, explains approximately 75% of the variation in log species richness. Prediction of species richness is not enhanced by the knowledge of lake depth, salinity, elevation, latitude, longitude, or distance to nearest lake. The North American species area curve is statistically different from and steeper than the corresponding European curve. Number of sites: 69
Collections (from American Folklife Center)
<p>Dataset originally created 03/01/2019 UPDATE: Packaged on 04/18/2019 UPDATE: Edited README on 04/18/2019</p> <p>I. About this Data Set This data set is a snapshot of work that is ongoing as a collaboration between Kluge Fellow in Digital Studies, Patrick Egan and an intern at the Library of Congress in the American Folklife Center. It contains a combination of metadata from various collections that contain audio recordings of Irish traditional music. The development of this dataset is iterative, and it integrates visualizations that follow the key principles of trust and approachability. The project, entitled, “Connections In Sound” invites you to use and re-use this data.</p> <p>The text available in the Items dataset is generated from multiple collections of audio material that were discovered at the American Folklife Center. Each instance of a performance was listed and “sets” or medleys of tunes or songs were split into distinct instances in order to allow machines to read each title separately (whilst still noting that they were part of a group of tunes). The work of the intern was then reviewed before publication, and cross-referenced with the tune index at www.irishtune.info. The Items dataset consists of just over 1000 rows, with new data being added daily in a separate file.</p> <p>The collections dataset contains at least 37 rows of collections that were located by a reference librarian at the American Folklife Center. This search was complemented by searches of the collections by the scholar both on the internet at https://catalog.loc.gov and by using card catalogs.</p> <p>Updates to these datasets will be announced and published as the project progresses.</p> <p>II. What’s included? This data set includes:</p> <p>The Items Dataset – a .CSV containing Media Note, OriginalFormat, On Website, Collection Ref, Missing In Duplication, Collection, Outside Link, Performer, Solo/multiple, Sub-item, type of tune, Tune, Position, Location, State, Date, Notes/Composer, Potential Linked Data, Instrument, Additional Notes, Tune Cleanup. This .CSV is the direct export of the Items Google Spreadsheet</p> <p>III. How Was It Created? These data were created by a Kluge Fellow in Digital Studies and an intern on this program over the course of three months. By listening, transcribing, reviewing, and tagging audio recordings, these scholars improve access and connect sounds in the American Folklife Collections by focusing on Irish traditional music. Once transcribed and tagged, information in these datasets is reviewed before publication.</p> <p>IV. Data Set Field Descriptions</p> <p>IV</p> <p>a) Collections dataset field descriptions</p> <p>ItemId – this is the identifier for the collection that was found at the AFC<br>Viewed – if the collection has been viewed, or accessed in any way by the researchers.<br>On LOC – whether or not there are audio recordings of this collection available on the Library of Congress website.<br>On Other Website – if any of the recordings in this collection are available elsewhere on the internet<br>Original Format – the format that was used during the creation of the recordings that were found within each collection<br>Search – this indicates the type of search that was performed in order that resulted in locating recordings and collections within the AFC<br>Collection – the official title for the collection as noted on the Library of Congress website<br>State – The primary state where recordings from the collection were located<br>Other States – The secondary states where recordings from the collection were located<br>Era / Date – The decade or year associated with each collection<br>Call Number – This is the official reference number that is used to locate the collections, both in the urls used on the Library website, and in the reference search for catalog cards (catalog cards can be searched at this address: https://memory.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/html/afccards/afccards-home.html)<br>Finding Aid Online? – Whether or not a finding aid is available for this collection on the internet</p> <p>b) Items dataset field descriptions</p> <p>id – the specific identification of the instance of a tune, song or dance within the dataset<br>Media Note – Any information that is included with the original format, such as identification, name of physical item, additional metadata written on the physical item<br>Original Format – The physical format that was used when recording each specific performance. Note: this field is used in order to calculate the number of physical items that were created in each collection such as 32 wax cylinders.<br>On Webste? – Whether or not each instance of a performance is available on the Library of Congress website<br>Collection Ref – The official reference number of the collection<br>Missing In Duplication – This column marks if parts of some recordings had been made available on other websites, but not all of the recordings were included in duplication (see recordings from Philadelphia Céilí Group on Villanova University website)<br>Collection – The official title of the collection given by the American Folklife Center<br>Outside Link – If recordings are available on other websites externally<br>Performer – The name of the contributor(s)<br>Solo/multiple – This field is used to calculate the amount of solo performers vs group performers in each collection<br>Sub-item – In some cases, physical recordings contained extra details, the sub-item column was used to denote these details<br>Type of item – This column describes each individual item type, as noted by performers and collectors<br>Item – The item title, as noted by performers and collectors. If an item was not described, it was entered as “unidentified”<br>Position – The position on the recording (in some cases during playback, audio cassette player counter markers were used)<br>Location – Local address of the recording<br>State – The state where the recording was made<br>Date – The date that the recording was made<br>Notes/Composer – The stated composer or source of the item recorded<br>Potential Linked Data – If items may be linked to other recordings or data, this column was used to provide examples of potential relationships between them<br>Instrument – The instrument(s) that was used during the performance<br>Additional Notes – Notes about the process of capturing, transcribing and tagging recordings (for researcher and intern collaboration purposes)<br>Tune Cleanup – This column was used to tidy each item so that it could be read by machines, but also so that spelling mistakes from the Item column could be corrected, and as an aid to preserving iterations of the editing process</p> <p>V. Rights statement The text in this data set was created by the researcher and intern and can be used in many different ways under creative commons with attribution. All contributions to Connections In Sound are released into the public domain as they are created. Anyone is free to use and re-use this data set in any way they want, provided reference is given to the creators of these datasets.</p> <p>VI. Creator and Contributor Information</p> <p>Creator: Connections In Sound</p> <p>Contributors: Library of Congress Labs</p> <p>VII. Contact Information Please direct all questions and comments to Patrick Egan via www.twitter.com/drpatrickegan or via his website at www.patrickegan.org. You can also get in touch with the Library of Congress Labs team via LC-Labs@loc.gov.</p>
Functional traits database for North American birds
<p>Estimation of functional diversity in biological communities requires extensive and complete data on numerous functional traits of species or even individuals. When estimating functional diversity at large scales, this fact possesses an issue that may be hard to overcome: for many species, there might not be sufficient data on their functional traits. In such cases, even if there is missing information on functional trait value for one species in a community, this makes the trait impossible to use for the estimation of the functional diversity of a community. On the other hand, there are available datasets on the functional traits of all extant species within certain lineages across the world, but such datasets are often limited to very few functional traits, missing some dimensions of species' ecological niches. In this dataset, I compiled the available data from various sources that describe 23 functional traits of 703 bird species that occur in Canada, the United States, and Mexico. These functional traits include the following: diet type, diurnal and nocturnal feeding, diet items, feeding methods, feeding substrate, nest type, nest substrates, breeding system, chick development at hatching, nest aggregation, clutch size, first breeding age, number of clutches a year, breeding success, adult annual survival, mean biomass, maximum lifespan, hand-wing index, kleptoparasitism, nest parasitism, and the extent of dependency on other species for building a nest.</p>
Replication data for "Climate change may induce connectivity loss and mountaintop extinction in Central American forests"
<p>Model code and predictor data underlying the publication "<strong>Climate change may induce connectivity loss and mountaintop extinction in Central American forests</strong>".</p>
An analysis of meiofauna knowledge generated by Latin American researchers
<p>Bibliographic databases used to analyse the document production of benthic meiofauna in Latin American countries. To be opened on R, bibliometrix package.</p> <p> </p>
CLDF dataset accompanying Miller and List's "Borrowing in South American Languages" from 2023
<p>Cite the source of the dataset as:</p> <blockquote> <p>Miller, John and List, Johann-Mattis (2023): Detecting Lexical Borrowings from Dominant Languages in Multilingual Wordlists. In: Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics. Short Papers.</p> </blockquote>
Occurrence dataset for the subspecies of the American badger (Taxidea taxus berlandieri) in the north-central region of Mexico
<p>The subspecies of American badger (<em>Taxidea taxus berlandieri </em>Baird, 1858), also called tlalcoyote (Figure 1), is distributed in north-central Mexico. However, its occurrence records are scarce and the few that exist are uncertain due to incorrect georeferencing or identification of the taxonomic unit. In view of this, we disgned a spatial sampling in part of the states of Coahuila de Zaragoza, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí and Zacatecas. In this north-central protion of Mexico, we generated a grid of squares measuring 5 × 5 km over the entire study area using QGIS® 3.10 software. Subsequently, we excluded squares that included urban settlements, agricultural land, or water bodies in more than 30% of their extension; we also descarted squares located at an altitude over 2,250 meters above sea level. To perform this filtering, we used both the land use and vegetation chart of the INEGI [Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática] (2018) and the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) downloaded from the USGS page [United States Geological Survey] (2019) as a basis. As result, we obtained 3,471 squares separated by at least 5 km. Then, through simple random sampling, 177 (≈5%) squares were selected, where we generated centroids to be used as sampling sites. </p> <p>In field work, between 2009 and 2015, at these 177 sites we traced a 10 × 100 m transect, where we searched for<em> T. t. berlandieri</em> signs (i.e., burrows and scratching posts). In this case, their burrows and scratching posts are easily observed and quantified, and there is no chance of mistaking them for burrows of other species (Long 1973; Merlin 1999). Also, we recorded possible sightings, as other studies (e.g., Merlin 1999; Elbroch 2003). As result, we only found 33 with signs of occurrence. </p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/9a8452c6-15e2-43cd-9c07-27b7fc1d422a/Figure%201.%20Taxidea%20taxus%20Berlandieri%20Baird%2C%201858.jpeg">Figure 1.</a> Individual of tlalcoyote (<em>Taxidea taxus Berlandieri</em>). Photo obtained from Naturalista (2023) and uploaded by David Molina©. All rights reserved (CC BY-NC-ND).</p> <p>To increase the number of records, we included occurrence data from GBIF [Global Biodiversity Information Facility portal] (2022). We downloaded only the records that included coordinates and that their basis of registration was "preserved specimen". This, because they are correctly identified as specimens from biological collections (Maldonado <em>et al.</em> 2015). In addition, we only selected records for Mexico. Subsequently, we filtered the downloaded database, discarding records that were incorrectly georeferenced, with atypical and duplicate coordinates, as well as with low geospatial accuracy (e.g., less than three decimals of precision).</p> <p>We loaded the remaining data into the QGIS® software and performed a spatial filtering, where we excluded data that were outside the study area, located in unlikely areas (e.g., human settlements, bodies of water, agricultural areas) and with a distance of less than 5 km from the records obtained in the field. This gave a total of 10 records from the GBIF portal. Finally, we loaded the raster layers of elevation (Elev; INEGI 2007), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI, USGS 2019) and the slope of the terrain into the software to extract the pixel values based on the GBIF records and those obtained in the field. With this, we generated a new global dataset to which we performed environmental filtering to find environmental outliers. We plotted the normality distribution of the data for each variable and the dispersion of the data among the variables. In this filtering, we conserve all records. Figure 2 shows the normality distribution of the records as a function of Elev. Figure 3 shows the dispersion of the data between Elev and NDVI.</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/9a8452c6-15e2-43cd-9c07-27b7fc1d422a/Figure%202.%20Normal%20distribution.png">Figure 2.</a> Normality distribution of <em>T. t. berlandieri</em> occurrence records as a function of the elevation variable (Elev).</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/9a8452c6-15e2-43cd-9c07-27b7fc1d422a/Figure%203.%20Scatter%20plot.png">Figure 3.</a> Scatter plot of <em>T. t. berlandieri</em> occurrence records as a function of elevation (Elev) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI).</p> <p>For the north-central region of Mexico, we present the global database (i.e., <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/9a8452c6-15e2-43cd-9c07-27b7fc1d422a/Tatabe_joint.csv">Tatabe_joint.csv</a>), as well as the database that contains only the field evidence records (i.e., <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/9a8452c6-15e2-43cd-9c07-27b7fc1d422a/Tatabe_first_order.csv">Tatabe_first_order.csv</a>) and another one with the filtered GBIF records (i.e., <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/9a8452c6-15e2-43cd-9c07-27b7fc1d422a/Tatabe_GBIF.csv">Tatabe_GBIF.csv</a>).</p>
CESM2 Idealized Experiment Output: Summer atmospheric response to zero May North American snow cover
<p>The National Center for Atmospheric Research’s Community Earth System Model version 2.2 (CESM2) (Danabasoglu et al., 2020) was run in the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) configuration. SSTs and sea-ice were prescribed as monthly varying seasonal cycles based on the observed climatology from 2005 to 2015 (i.e., component set: F2010climo) (Hurrell et al., 2008). We employed the Community Atmosphere Model version 6 (CAM6) (Bogenschutz et al., 2018)<span> </span>as the atmospheric component and the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) (Lawrence et al., 2019) as the land-surface component. Each model was run with a horizontal resolution of 0.9˚ latitude by 1.25˚ longitude.</p> <p>We ran a control simulation in this configuration for ten consecutive years. We then modified the land-surface restart files for May 1st of each year by reducing the snow cover over North America to zero. Using these modified files, we then completed a reduced snow simulation by rerunning three-month simulations from May through July for each of the ten years. </p>
Journey North - American Robin observations by volunteer community scientists across Central and North America (1996-2020)
This data package contains American Robin migration data consisting of 39,260 total observational reports from 1996 - 2020 across North and Central America. These data were collected by 17,619 community scientists for Journey North, a crowdsourced participatory science program of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Arboretum. The Journey North American Robin Project is an ongoing study of American Robin phenology conducted at broad spatial and temporal scales. Since 1996, community scientists have tracked first arrival dates and breeding and feeding behavior as well as the onset of fall migration and presence of American Robin species throughout the winter months in the United States. The focal species is the American Robin (Turdus migratorius). Observers also provide estimates of the number of birds sighted. However, observers do not follow standardized methods for counting species observed. Observers do not observe at set times of the day, do not repeat observations regularly, and are not required to provide the length of time during which a specified number of species observed were counted. Therefore, it is recommended that this dataset be analyzed to indicate presence not abundance. Researchers are encouraged to read the rich information provided by volunteers in their comments. These comments provide qualitative information about observational reports. Researchers are also encouraged to refer to submitted photographs that also provide context for observational reports. The Journey North American Robin Project dataset is hosted by the University of Wisconsin-Madison Shared Web Hosting Service.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.