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21 results for “Amphisbaenians”
Fig. 7 in Evolution of postcranial skeleton in worm lizards inferred from its status in the Cretaceous stem-amphisbaenian Slavoia darevskii
Fig. 7. Forelimb (with details of manus) of the stem-amphisbaenid Slavoia darevskii Sulimski, 1984 from late Campanian of Mongolia. A. ZPAL MgR-III/79, CT-scans. The dotted line in A1 marks surface where the digit I and II are eroded; outlines in A2 mark phalanges and metacarpals (preserved and reconstructed). B. ZPAL MgR-I/9; photograph (B1), outlines of the forearm and partially preserved hand (B2). C. ZPAL MgR-I/8, partially preserved hand.
Fig. 9 in Evolution of postcranial skeleton in worm lizards inferred from its status in the Cretaceous stem-amphisbaenian Slavoia darevskii
Fig. 9. Hindlimb of Slavoia darevskii. A. Based on ZPAL MgR-I/9, tibia in ventral view. B. Based on PIN 3142/358, outlines of hindlimb in dorsal (B1) and anterior (B2) views.
Fig. 4 in Evolution of postcranial skeleton in worm lizards inferred from its status in the Cretaceous stem-amphisbaenian Slavoia darevskii
Fig. 4. Pectoral girdle of the stem-amphisbaenid Slavoia darevskii Sulimski, 1984 from late Campanian of Mongolia. A. ZPAL MgR-III/76, scapulacoracoid in anterior view; the black line marks missing parts seen in other specimens. B. ZPAL MgR-I/8, pectoral girdle with ventral edge of clavicle, interclavicle (morphotype I), coracoids, and proximal part of humerus. C. PIN 4487/14, sternum with rib attachments, coracoids with epicoracoids, interclavicle (morphotype I), humerus, cervical, and skull in ventral view.
Fig. 3 in Evolution of postcranial skeleton in worm lizards inferred from its status in the Cretaceous stem-amphisbaenian Slavoia darevskii
Fig. 3. Reconstruction of scapulocoracoid of Slavoia darevskii based on different specimens, in anterior (A), dorsal (B), lateral (C), and ventral (D) views. E. Reconstruction of epicoracoid assuming that it did not reach the suprascapula.
Fig. 13 in Evolution of postcranial skeleton in worm lizards inferred from its status in the Cretaceous stem-amphisbaenian Slavoia darevskii
Fig. 13. Evolution of pectoral girdles of Lacertidae, Slavoia darevskii, and families of Amphisbaenia. Crosses mark at least three independent losses of the forelimbs among worm lizards.
Fig. 1 in Evolution of postcranial skeleton in worm lizards inferred from its status in the Cretaceous stem-amphisbaenian Slavoia darevskii
Fig. 1. The axial skeleton of the stem-amphisbaenid Slavoia darevskii Sulimski, 1984 from late Campanian of Mongolia. A. The reconstruction of the first four vertebrae in dorsal view (based on different specimens). B. The reconstruction of sternum in ventral view (based on PIN 4487/14). C. The reconstruction of first hypapophysis (based on ZPAL MgR-I/108). D. PIN 3142/358, complete presacral vertebrate column in dorsal view; photo courtesy of Vladimir Alifanov. E. ZPAL MgR-I/78, the neck with well preserved, blunt and broad cervical ribs. F. The reconstruction (based on ZPAL MgR-I/8) of the fifth caudal vertebra in lateral (F1) and dorsal (F2) views; sacral vertebrae in dorsal view (F3).
Fig. 6 in Evolution of postcranial skeleton in worm lizards inferred from its status in the Cretaceous stem-amphisbaenian Slavoia darevskii
Fig. 6. Reconstruction of right humerus (A) and ulna (B) of Slavoia darevskii. A. ZPAL MgR-I/8, holotype. Proximal head with partially preserved epiphysis in proximal (A1) and ventral (A2) views, the shaft and distal head in medial view (A3), and distal head in distal view (A4). B. ZPAL MgR-I/9, subadult, in lateral (B1), posterior (B2), and medial (B3) views.
Fig. 15 in Evolution of postcranial skeleton in worm lizards inferred from its status in the Cretaceous stem-amphisbaenian Slavoia darevskii
Fig. 15. Sequence of evolutionary changes in the amphisbaenian body plan proposed in this work. The phylogenetic relationships are taken from Kearney and Stuart (2004) and Tałanda (2016).
Fig. 5 in Evolution of postcranial skeleton in worm lizards inferred from its status in the Cretaceous stem-amphisbaenian Slavoia darevskii
Fig. 5. Humerus of the stem-amphisbaenid Slavoia darevskii Sulimski, 1984 (ZPAL MgR-I/8) from late Campanian of Mongolia. A. Distal part in medial view. B. Humerus in ventral view, displaying also coracoid and interclavicule.
Fig. 11 in Evolution of postcranial skeleton in worm lizards inferred from its status in the Cretaceous stem-amphisbaenian Slavoia darevskii
Fig. 11. The stem-amphisbaenid Slavoia darevskii Sulimski, 1984 (PIN 3142/358, posterior half) from late Campanian of Mongolia; displaying nearly complete hindlimb and ischia. Photograph from the rear showing reduced pes (A), ventral side (B). Photos courtesy of Vladimir Alifanov.
Fig. 2 in Evolution of postcranial skeleton in worm lizards inferred from its status in the Cretaceous stem-amphisbaenian Slavoia darevskii
Fig. 2. Reconstructions of clavicles (C, D) and interclavicles (A, B) of Slavoia darevskii. A. Morphotype I based on ZPAL MgR-I/8, in anterior (C1), lateral (C2), and ventral (C3) views. B. Comparison of the morphotypes II and I in the same scale. C. Morphotype I based on ZPAL MgR-I/8. D. Outlines of the morphotype II preserved in ZPAL MgR-III/80; grey lines, damaged edges of the clavicle; dotted line, hypothetical reconstruction of missing part. Both in anterior view.
Fig. 8 in Evolution of postcranial skeleton in worm lizards inferred from its status in the Cretaceous stem-amphisbaenian Slavoia darevskii
Fig. 8. Reconstruction of pelvis of Slavoia darevskii. A. Based on PIN 3142/358, paired ischia in ventral view. B. Based on ZPAL MgR-I/8, in lateral view; the dashed line marks missing part.
Fig. 10 in Evolution of postcranial skeleton in worm lizards inferred from its status in the Cretaceous stem-amphisbaenian Slavoia darevskii
Fig. 10. The stem-amphisbaenid Slavoia darevskii Sulimski, 1984 (ZPAL MgR-I/9) from late Campanian of Mongolia. A. Left femur in posterior view. B. Tibia in posterior view.
FIGURE 1. Selected lizard and amphisbaenian material from studied localities. 1-2 in First early Eocene lizards from Spain and a study of the compositional changes between late Mesozoic and early Cenozoic Iberian lizard assemblages
FIGURE 1. Selected lizard and amphisbaenian material from studied localities. 1-2, Geiseltaliellus sp.: 1, left dentary (IPS 49740); 2, maxilla (IPS 83552); 3-4, Iguanidae indet.: 3, fragment of dentary (IPS 83535) with one preserved tooth, 4, fragment of?maxilla with four preserved teeth (IPS 49756); 5-6, Agamidae indet.: 5, Fragment of toothbearing bone preserving one tooth (IPS 83546), 6, fragment of dentary preserving two teeth (IPS 83543). 7-8, Gekkota indet.: 7, posterior portion of left dentary (IPS 59559), 8, anterior portion of left dentary (IPS 83520); 9, Scincoidea (?Scincidae) indet., fragment of right dentary (IPS 49752); 10,?Lacertidae indet., fragment of tooth-bearing bone perserving two teeth (IPS 49762); 11, Amphisbaenia indet., vertebra (IPS 59529); 12, cf. Placosaurus sp., partial parietal with fused osteoderms (IPS 59567); 13, Glyptosaurini indet., skull osteoderm (IPS 83532); 14, Glyptosaurinae indet., body osteoderm (IPS 83533); 15-18, Anguinae indet.: 15, keeled body osteoderm (IPS 83540), 16, unkeeled body osteoderm (IPS 83533), 17, partial parietal (IPS 83557), 18, vertebra (IPS 59538); 19-20, "Necrosauridae" indet.: 19, partial left dentary (IPS 83545), 20, osteoderm (IPS 49741). 1, 2, 5, 6, 11, 15 and 17-20 from Masia de l'Hereuet (MP8+9); 3, 4, 7, 8, 10 and 14 from La Morera (MP10); 12 from Escarlà (MP10); 13 and 16 from Font del Torricó. 1-10 and 19 in labial view; 11-12, 17 in dorsal view; 13-16 and 20 in external view; 18 in ventral view.
Fig. 12 in Evolution of postcranial skeleton in worm lizards inferred from its status in the Cretaceous stem-amphisbaenian Slavoia darevskii
Fig. 12. Reconstruction of the whole skeleton of Slavoia darevskii in dorsal view.
FIGURE 2 in Checklist of lizards and amphisbaenians of Argentina: an update
FIGURE 2. Some species with marginal distribution in Argentina. A/B: Liolaemus chillanensis from upper mountains of western Neuquén; C/D: Liolaemus araucaniensis from "Camino a La Angostura, Bariloche, Neuquén"; E/F: Liolaemus scolaroi from Río Ceballos valley, northwestern Santa Cruz Province, Argentina.
FIGURE 1 in Checklist of lizards and amphisbaenians of Argentina: an update
FIGURE 1. Map showing the number of species of lizards and amphisbaenians in each province of Argentina; in brackets, number of lizards / amphisbaenians. BA = Buenos Aires, CA = Catamarca, Cha = Chaco, CO = Cordoba, CH = Chubut, COR = Corrientes, ER = Entre Rios, FO = Formosa, JU = Jujuy, LP = La Pampa, LR = La Rioja, ME = Mendoza, MI = Misiones, NQ = Neuquen, RN = Rio Negro, SA = Salta, SJ = San Juan, SL = San Luis, ST = Santa Cruz, SF = Santa FE, SE = Santiago del Estero, TF = Tierra del Fuego, TU = Tucuman.
Data from: Novel approaches for phylogenetic inference from morphological data and total-evidence dating in squamate reptiles (lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians)
Here, I combine previously underutilized models and priors to perform more biologically-realistic phylogenetic inference from morphological data, with an example from squamate reptiles. When coding morphological characters, it is often possible to denote ordered states with explicit reference to observed or hypothetical ancestral conditions. Using this logic, we can integrate across character-state labels and estimate meaningful rates of forward and backwards transitions from plesiomorphy to apomorphy. I refer to this approach as MkA, for 'asymmetric.' The MkA model incorporates the biological reality of limited reversal for many phylogenetically informative characters, and significantly increases likelihoods in the empirical datasets. Despite this, the phylogeny of Squamata remains contentious. Total-evidence analyses using combined morphological and molecular data and the MkA approach tend towards recent consensus estimates supporting a nested Iguania. However, support for this topology is not unambiguous across datasets or analyses, and no mechanism has been proposed to explain the widespread incongruence between partitions, or the hidden support for various topologies in those partitions. Furthermore, different morphological datasets produced by different authors contain both different characters and different states for the same or similar characters, resulting in drastically different placements for many important fossil lineages. Effort is needed to standardize ontology for morphology, resolve incongruence, and estimate a robust phylogeny. The MkA approach provides a preliminary avenue for investigating morphological evolution while accounting for temporal evidence and asymmetry in character-state changes.
Data from: Interrogating genomic-scale data for Squamata (lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians) shows no support for key traditional morphological relationships
Genomics is narrowing uncertainty in the phylogenetic structure for many amniote groups. For one of the most diverse and species-rich groups, the squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes, amphisbaenians), an inverse correlation between the number of taxa and loci sampled still persists across all publications using DNA sequence data and reaching a consensus on the relationships among them has been highly problematic. Here, we use high-throughput sequence data from 289 samples covering 75 families of squamates to address phylogenetic affinities, estimate divergence times, and characterize residual topological uncertainty in the presence of genome scale data. Importantly, we address genomic support for the traditional taxonomic groupings Scleroglossa and Macrostomata using novel machine-learning techniques. We interrogate genes using various metrics inherent to these loci, including parsimony-informative sites, phylogenetic informativeness, length, gaps, number of substitutions, and site concordance to understand why certain loci fail to find previously well-supported molecular clades and how they fail to support species-tree estimates. We show that both incomplete lineage sorting and poor gene-tree estimation (due to a few undesirable gene properties, such as an insufficient number of parsimony informative sites), may account for most gene and species-tree discordance. We find overwhelming signal for Toxicofera, and also show that none of the loci included in this study supports Scleroglossa or Macrostomata. We comment on the origins and diversification of Squamata throughout the Mesozoic and underscore remaining uncertainties that persist in both deeper parts of the tree (e.g., relationships between Dibamia, Gekkota, and remaining squamates; and between the three toxiferan clades Iguania, Serpentes, and Anguiformes) and within specific clades (e.g., affinities among gekkotan, pleurodont iguanians, and colubroid families).
Data from: Novel approaches for phylogenetic inference from morphological data and total-evidence dating in squamate reptiles (lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians)
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