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17 results for “Anaplasma phagocytophilum”
Fig. 1 in Prevalence and co-infection with tick-borne Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia spp. in red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Southern Norway
Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree of Babesia isolates and samples of this study (●), based on fragments of 18S rRNA, generated using the Maximum-Likelihood clustering method in MEGA 6 software (1000 replicates; bootstrap values indicated at the nodes). Abbreviations: AU - Austria, BE - Belgium, CA - Canada, DE - Germany, FR - France, HU - Hungary, IT - Italy, JP - Japan, LT - Lithuania, NO - Norway, PL - Poland, RU - Russia, SK - Slovakia, SP - Spain, TU - Turkey, US - United States.
Sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) decrease nymphal infection prevalence for tick-borne pathogens Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in a coastal dune ecosystem
<p>1. Understanding which factors determine tick-borne disease hazard can contribute to effective disease control. In Europe, the hazard of the pathogens <em>Borrelia burgdorferi</em> s.l. and <em>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</em> is determined by local tick densities (mainly <em>Ixodes ricinus</em>) and the reservoir competence of the host species community. Sand lizards (<em>Lacerta agilis</em>) are common hosts for larvae and nymphs of <em>I. ricinus</em> and non-competent reservoirs for both pathogens. Consequently, high relative abundance of <em>L. agilis</em> is hypothesized to be associated with lower infection prevalence in nymphs. Here, we aimed to test whether this effectively occurs in natural settings.</p> <p>2. We sampled different habitat types within a heterogenous dune landscape at the Dutch coast and estimated 1) <em>L. agilis</em> densities, 2) host community competence, 3) the density and infection prevalence of questing<em> I. ricinus</em> ticks, and 4) the number and infection prevalence of ticks feeding on <em>L. agilis</em>.</p> <p>3. Captured <em>L. agilis</em> had high tick burdens and contributed substantially to feeding <em>I. ricinus</em> larvae in their natural habitat. <em>B. burgdorferi</em> s.l. and <em>A. phagocytophilum</em> were virtually absent from feeding larvae and nymphs.</p> <p>4. The nymphal infection prevalence of both pathogens in questing ticks was lower in habitat types where <em>L. agilis</em> was more abundant. Hence, <em>L. agilis</em> strongly reduced community competence.</p> <p>5. The density of questing nymphs was higher in habitat types with denser vegetation and also varied more between habitat types than infection prevalence. As a result, nymphal density had a stronger effect on the density of infected ticks than did nymphal infection prevalence.</p> <p>6. Synthesis and applications. Coastal dune habitats favourable for <em>L. agilis</em> have lower densities of questing nymphs, and a lower human infection hazard. These results might be applicable to similar ecosystems where <em>L. agilis</em> is present. From a public health perspective, this underlines the importance of preserving early successional habitat, as encroaching shrubs are associated with higher tick-borne disease hazard, and vegetation removal might be a solution to reduce hazard in coastal dunes. The high degree of spatial heterogeneity in the abundance of tick-borne pathogens also poses opportunities to manage recreational activities to limit human exposure to tick-borne diseases.</p>
Sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) decrease nymphal infection prevalence for tick-borne pathogens Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in a coastal dune ecosystem
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Additional file 1: Fig S1:Anaplasma phagocytophilum ecotype analysis in cattle from Great Britain
<p><em>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</em> (<em>A. phagocytophilum</em>) is the aetiological agent of tick-borne fever in cattle and sheep, and granulocytic anaplasmosis in human and dogs. Livestock, companion animal and human infections with <em>A. phagocytophilum</em> have been reported globally. Across England and Wales, two isolates (called ecotypes) have been reported in ticks. This study examined <em>A. phagocytophilum</em> isolates present in livestock and wildlife in Great Britain (GB), with a particular focus on cattle. Clinical submissions (EDTA blood) from cattle (<em>n</em>= 21) and sheep (<em>n</em> = 3) were received by APHA for tick-borne disease testing and the animals were confirmed to be infected with <em>A. phagocytophilum</em> using a PCR targeting the <em>Msp</em>2 gene. Further submissions from roe deer (<em>n</em> = 2), red deer (<em>n</em> = 2) and <em>Ixodes ricinus</em> ticks (<em>n</em> = 22) were also shown to be infected with <em>A. phagocytophilum</em>. Subsequent analysis using a nested PCR targeting the <em>groEL</em> gene and sequencing confirmed the presence of ecotype I in cattle, sheep, red deer and <em>Ixodes ricinus</em>, and ecotype II in roe deer and <em>I. ricinus </em>removed from deer carcasses. Despite the presence of two ecotypes, widely distributed in ticks from England and Wales, only ecotype I was detected in cattle in this study.</p>
Data from: Systems biology of tissue-specific response to Anaplasma phagocytophilum reveals differentiated apoptosis in the tick vector Ixodes scapularis
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging pathogen that causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis. Infection with this zoonotic pathogen affects cell function in both vertebrate host and the tick vector, Ixodes scapularis. Global tissue-specific response and apoptosis signaling pathways were characterized in I. scapularis nymphs and adult female midguts and salivary glands infected with A. phagocytophilum using a systems biology approach combining transcriptomics and proteomics. Apoptosis was selected for pathway-focused analysis due to its role in bacterial infection of tick cells. The results showed tissue-specific differences in tick response to infection and revealed differentiated regulation of apoptosis pathways. The impact of bacterial infection was more pronounced in tick nymphs and midguts than in salivary glands, probably reflecting bacterial developmental cycle. All apoptosis pathways described in other organisms were identified in I. scapularis, except for the absence of the Perforin ortholog. Functional characterization using RNA interference showed that Porin knockdown significantly increases tick colonization by A. phagocytophilum. Infection with A. phagocytophilum produced complex tissue-specific alterations in transcript and protein levels. In tick nymphs, the results suggested a possible effect of bacterial infection on the inhibition of tick immune response. In tick midguts, the results suggested that A. phagocytophilum infection inhibited cell apoptosis to facilitate and establish infection through up-regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Bacterial infection inhibited the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in tick salivary glands by down-regulating Porin expression that resulted in the inhibition of Cytochrome c release as the anti-apoptotic mechanism to facilitate bacterial infection. However, tick salivary glands may promote apoptosis to limit bacterial infection through induction of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway. These dynamic changes in response to A. phagocytophilum in I. scapularis tissue-specific transcriptome and proteome demonstrated the complexity of the tick response to infection and will contribute to characterize gene regulation in ticks.
Data from: Systems biology of tissue-specific response to Anaplasma phagocytophilum reveals differentiated apoptosis in the tick vector Ixodes scapularis
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Global DNA methylation changes and differential gene expression in Anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected human neutrophils
GEO Series GSE73228. Homo sapiens. 6 samples. Type: Methylation profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Global gene transcription analysis of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in tick and human cells using tiling microarrays
GEO Series GSE11487. Anaplasma phagocytophilum str. HZ; Ixodes scapularis; Homo sapiens. 18 samples. Type: Expression profiling by genome tiling array.
Alternative splicing of differentiated myeloid cell transcripts after infection by Anaplasma phagocytophilum impacts a selective group of cellular programs
GEO Series GSE107770. Homo sapiens. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Macrophage Gene Expression Upon Infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum in the Presence and Absence of the Tick Salivary Protein SL2
GEO Series GSE63647. Mus musculus. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Differential expression of inflammatory and immune response genes in sheep infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum.
GEO Series GSE10286. Ovis aries; Sus scrofa; Bos taurus. 2 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Effect of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection on the micro RNA profile of Ixodes scapularis tick cells
GEO Series GSE79324. Ixodes scapularis. 4 samples. Type: Non-coding RNA profiling by high throughput sequencing; Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Anaplasma phagocytophilum infected NB4 cells
GEO Series GSE2600. Homo sapiens. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Promyelocytic cells response to Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection
GEO Series GSE1694. Homo sapiens. 5 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Integrated metabolomics, transcriptomics and proteomics identifies metabolic pathways affected by Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in tick cells
GEO Series GSE68881. Ixodes scapularis. 4 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Gene expression profiles of European wild boar naturally infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum.
GEO Series GSE15766. Sus scrofa. 5 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Tissue-specific signatures in the transcriptional response to Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection of Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes ricinus tick cell lines
GEO Series GSE76906. Ixodes ricinus. 4 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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