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19 results for “Andean ecosystem”
Puma diet in a high Andean ecosystem, 2012-2022
We analyzed 45 puma scats collected between 2012 and 2022, identified in the field based on size, shape, and hair content. Scats were dissected, and prey remains (bones, teeth, claws) were soaked in soapy water, rinsed, air-dried, and stored with silica gel to prevent fungal or bacterial contamination. All processed material was deposited in the Ichnology Collection of the Colecciones Biológicas de la Universidad CES (CBUCES-J), Medellín. Prey remains were photographed with a Canon EOS T7i camera and macro lens, using focus stacking in Helicon Focus 8.2.3 to produce fully focused composite images. Specimens were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level by comparison with reference material housed at CBUCES, the Museo de Ciencias Naturales de La Salle (CNS), the Museum of Southwestern Biology (MSB), and the Colección Teriológica de la Universidad de Antioquia (CTUA). Diet was quantified using frequency of occurrence (FO) and relative biomass consumed (RBC). RBC was used to estimate the proportion of total prey biomass represented by each species. Published mean adult body masses were assigned to prey species, while unidentified sigmodontine rodents were estimated using dental allometry. Statistical analyses was used to evaluate sample completeness, and Kruskal–Wallis tests to assess variation across three time bins (2012–2016, 2018–2020, 2021–2022). Diet breadth was measured using Levins’ standardized niche breadth (Bsta). Diet similarity between study sites and previous research was assessed using Jaccard distance. Mean human disturbance values were extracted from raster data to derive effects of anthropogenic pressure.
Data for: Predation and biophysical context control long-term carcass nutrient inputs in an Andean ecosystem
<p>Animal carcass decomposition is an often-overlooked component of nutrient cycles. The importance of carcass decomposition for increasing nutrient availability has been demonstrated in several ecosystems, but impacts in arid lands are poorly understood. In a protected high desert landscape in Argentina, puma predation of vicuñas is a main driver of carcass distribution. Here, we sampled puma kill sites across three habitats (plains, canyons, and meadows) to evaluate the impacts of vicuña carcass and stomach decomposition on soil and plant nutrients up to 5 years after carcass deposition. Soil beneath both carcasses and stomachs had significantly higher soil nutrient content than adjacent reference sites in arid, nutrient-poor plains and canyons, but not in moist, nutrient-rich meadows. Stomachs had greater effects on soil nutrients than carcasses. However, we did detect higher plant N concentrations at kill sites. The biogeochemical effects of puma kills persisted for several years and increased over time, indicating that kills do not create ephemeral nutrient pulses, but can have lasting effects on the distribution of soil nutrients. Comparison to broader spatial patterns of predation risk reveals that puma predation of vicuñas is more likely in nutrient-rich sites, but carcasses have the greatest effects on soil nutrients in nutrient-poor environments, such that carcasses increase localized heterogeneity by generating nutrient hotspots in less productive environments. Predation and carcass decomposition may thus be important overlooked factors influencing ecosystem functioning in arid environments.</p>
Vicuna antipredator diel movement drives spatial nutrient subsidies in a high Andean ecosystem
<p>Large animals could be important drivers of spatial nutrient subsidies when they ingest resources in some habitats and release them in others, even moving nutrients against elevational gradients. In high Andean deserts, vicuñas (<em>Vicugna vicugna</em>) move daily between nutrient-rich wet meadows, where there is abundant water and forage but high risk of predation by pumas (<em>Puma concolor</em>), and nutrient-poor open plains with lower risk of predation. In all habitats, vicuñas defecate and urinate in communal latrines. We investigated how these latrines impacted soil and plant nutrient concentrations across three habitats in the Andean ecosystem (meadows, plains, and canyons), and used stable isotope analysis to explore the source of fecal nutrients in latrines. Latrine soils had higher concentrations of nitrogen, carbon, and other nutrients than did non-latrine soils across all habitats. These inputs corresponded with an increase in plant quality (lower C:N) at latrine sites in plains and canyons, but not in meadows. Stable isotope mixing models suggest that ~7% of nutrients in plains latrines originated from vegetation in meadows, which is disproportionately higher than the relative proportion of meadow habitat (2.6%) in the study area. In contrast, ~68% of nutrients in meadow latrines appear to originate from plains and canyon vegetation, though these habitats made up nearly 98% of the study area. Vicuña diel movements thus appear to concentrate nutrients in latrines within habitats and to drive cross-habitat nutrient subsidies, with disproportionate transport from low-lying, nutrient-rich meadows to more elevated, nutrient-poor plains. Scaling these results up to the landscape scale, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus subsidized in soil at plains latrines was of the same order of magnitude as estimates of annual atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus deposition for this region (albeit far more localized and patchy). Thus, vicuña-mediated nutrient redistribution and deposition appears to be an important process impacting ecosystem functioning in arid Andean environments, on par with other major inputs of nutrients to the system.</p>
Vicuna antipredator diel movement drives spatial nutrient subsidies in a high Andean ecosystem
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Data for: Predation and biophysical context control long-term carcass nutrient inputs in an Andean ecosystem
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Data repository for "Navigating trade-offs and sustainable development pathways in the Andean water-energy-food-ecosystem nexus"
<p>Data and code supporting the research article: Navigating trade-offs and sustainable development pathways in the Andean water-energy-food-ecosystem nexus.</p>
Data from: Northernmost distribution of the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus) in South America, and fragmentation of its associated Andean forest and Paramo ecosystems
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Figure 9 from: Henao-Sepúlveda C, Wolff M, Amorim DS (2020) Four new Neotropical species of Eudicrana Loew (Diptera, Mycetophilidae, Sciophilinae) from the Colombian high Andean ecosystems, with comments on the genus. ZooKeys 988: 129-150. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.49627
Figure 9 Female terminalia of Eudicrana merizaldei sp. nov. (paratype) A, B lateral view C, D ventral view A, C photograph B, D drawing.
Figure 7 from: Henao-Sepúlveda C, Wolff M, Amorim DS (2020) Four new Neotropical species of Eudicrana Loew (Diptera, Mycetophilidae, Sciophilinae) from the Colombian high Andean ecosystems, with comments on the genus. ZooKeys 988: 129-150. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.49627
Figure 7 Male terminalia of Eudicrana maculata sp. nov. (holotype) A, B ventral view C, D dorsal view A, C photograph B, D drawing.
Figure 8 from: Henao-Sepúlveda C, Wolff M, Amorim DS (2020) Four new Neotropical species of Eudicrana Loew (Diptera, Mycetophilidae, Sciophilinae) from the Colombian high Andean ecosystems, with comments on the genus. ZooKeys 988: 129-150. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.49627
Figure 8 Male terminalia of Eudicrana merizaldei sp. nov. (holotype) A, B ventral view C, D dorsal view A, C photograph B, D drawing.
Figure 6 from: Henao-Sepúlveda C, Wolff M, Amorim DS (2020) Four new Neotropical species of Eudicrana Loew (Diptera, Mycetophilidae, Sciophilinae) from the Colombian high Andean ecosystems, with comments on the genus. ZooKeys 988: 129-150. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.49627
Figure 6 Male terminalia of Eudicrana chingaza sp. nov. (holotype) A, B ventral view C, D dorsal view A, C photograph B, D drawing.
Figure 5 from: Henao-Sepúlveda C, Wolff M, Amorim DS (2020) Four new Neotropical species of Eudicrana Loew (Diptera, Mycetophilidae, Sciophilinae) from the Colombian high Andean ecosystems, with comments on the genus. ZooKeys 988: 129-150. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.49627
Figure 5 Male terminalia of Eudicrana silvaandina sp. nov. (holotype), ventral view A photograph B drawing.
Figure 4 from: Henao-Sepúlveda C, Wolff M, Amorim DS (2020) Four new Neotropical species of Eudicrana Loew (Diptera, Mycetophilidae, Sciophilinae) from the Colombian high Andean ecosystems, with comments on the genus. ZooKeys 988: 129-150. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.49627
Figure 4 A Wing of Eudicrana silvaandina sp. nov. (holotype) B wing of E. chingaza sp. nov. (holotype) C wing of E. maculata sp. nov. (holotype) D, E wing of E. merizaldei sp. nov. D male (holotype) E female (paratype). Scale bar:1 mm.
Figure 2 from: Henao-Sepúlveda C, Wolff M, Amorim DS (2020) Four new Neotropical species of Eudicrana Loew (Diptera, Mycetophilidae, Sciophilinae) from the Colombian high Andean ecosystems, with comments on the genus. ZooKeys 988: 129-150. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.49627
Figure 2 A Habitus of Eudicrana silvaandina sp. nov., male (holotype) B Habitus of E. chingaza sp. nov., male (holotype), terminalia detached C Habitus of E. maculata sp. nov., male (holotype) D Male habitus of E. merizaldei sp. nov. (holotype) E Habitus of E. merizaldei sp. nov., female. Scale bar: 1mm
Figure 1 from: Henao-Sepúlveda C, Wolff M, Amorim DS (2020) Four new Neotropical species of Eudicrana Loew (Diptera, Mycetophilidae, Sciophilinae) from the Colombian high Andean ecosystems, with comments on the genus. ZooKeys 988: 129-150. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.49627
Figure 1 A Landscape images of the municipality of San José de la Montaña, paramo El Congo, Colombia, type locality of Eudicrana maculata sp. nov. (holotype) B Malaise trap habitat is in area covered on A C landscape images of the municipality of Envigado, private property Nubarrones, type locality of E. merizaldei sp. nov. (holotype) D Malaise trap habitat is in area covered on C.
Figure 3 from: Henao-Sepúlveda C, Wolff M, Amorim DS (2020) Four new Neotropical species of Eudicrana Loew (Diptera, Mycetophilidae, Sciophilinae) from the Colombian high Andean ecosystems, with comments on the genus. ZooKeys 988: 129-150. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.988.49627
Figure 3 Head, frontal view AEudicrana silvaandina sp. nov. (holotype) BE. chingaza sp. nov. (holotype) CE. maculata sp. nov., (holotype) DE. merizaldei sp. nov. (holotype). Thorax, lateral view EEudicrana silvaandina sp. nov. (holotype) FE. chingaza sp. nov. (holotype) GE. maculata sp. nov. (holotype) HE. merizaldei sp. nov. (holotype). Thorax, dorsal view IEudicrana silvaandina sp. nov. (holotype) JE. chingaza sp. nov. (holotype) KE. maculata sp. nov. (holotype) LE. merizaldei sp. nov. (holotype). Scale bar: 0.25 mm.
Microbial and Functional Diversity within the Phyllosphere of Espeletia sp. in Andean High Mountain Ecosystems
GEO Series GSE70539. Archaea; plant metagenome; Bacteria; Eukaryota; Viruses. 16 samples. Type: Genome variation profiling by array.
Phylogenetic structure of an Andean and Amazonian ecosystem
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p><br> Phylogenetic structures, the relatedness of species based on evolutionary traits, are still hardly studied. Several studies in the last three decades have been performed to examine taxonomic structures in forest and non-forest areas. Based on recent studies of phylogenetic structures in the Amazon forest, we aimed to explore the phylogenetic structure of non-forest areas in tropical South-America. We focused on mechanisms, such as environmental filtering and dispersal on the species composition and phylogenetic structure in these types of regions. We selected two of these non-forest areas, namely Guiana Shield (sandstone plateau in the Amazon) and Páramo (Andean). Vegetation and location data of both areas were analyzed. Our results suggested that these mechanisms play a crucial role in the phylogenetic structure in both regions. A significant negative correlation has been found between phylogenetic similarity and geographical (Euclidean) distance in Guiana Shield and Páramo. An NMDS-ordination showed the similarity between the different communities and substantiate the correlation found. Based on the positive values of the NRI and NTI, both regions were phylogenetically clustered. We concluded that mechanisms of environmental filtering and dispersal are important historical drivers that influence the phylogenetic structure, similarity and clustering in both these non-forest ecosystems.</p>
Phylogenetic structure of an Andean and Amazonian ecosystem
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p><br> Phylogenetic structures, the relatedness of species based on evolutionary traits, are still hardly studied. Several studies in the last three decades have been performed to examine taxonomic structures in forest areas and non-forest areas. Based on recent studies of phylogenetic structures in Amazonia-forest, we aimed to explore the phylogenetic structure of non-forest areas in tropical South-America. We focused on mechanisms, such as environmental filtering and dispersal on the species composition and phylogenetic structure in these types of regions. We selected two of these non-forest areas, namely Guiana Shield (Sandstone plateau in the Amazon) and Páramo (Andean). y Vegetation and location data of both areas were analyzed. Our results suggested that these mechanisms play a crucial role in the phylogenetic structure in both regions. A significant negative correlation has been found between phylogenetic similarity and geographical (Euclidean) distance in Guiana Shield and Páramo. An NMDS-ordination showed the similarity between the different communities and substantiate the correlation found. Based on the positive values of the NRI and NTI, both regions were phylogenetically clustered. We concluded that mechanisms of environmental filtering and dispersal are important historical drivers that influence the phylogenetic structure, similarity and clustering in both these non-forest ecosystems.</p>
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