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12 results for “Anguilla anguilla; Anguilla rostrata”
Data from: Genomic footprints of hybridization in North Atlantic eels (Anguilla anguilla and A. rostrata)
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Data from: Genomic footprints of speciation in Atlantic eels (Anguilla anguilla and A. rostrata)
The importance of speciation-with-gene-flow scenarios is increasingly appreciated. However, the specific processes and the resulting genomic footprints of selection are subject to much discussion. We studied the genomics of speciation between the two panmictic, sympatrically spawning sister-species; European (Anguilla anguilla) and American eel (A. rostrata). Divergence is assumed to have initiated more than 3 million years ago, and although low gene flow still occurs strong postzygotic barriers are present. Restriction-site Associated DNA (RAD) sequencing identified 328,300 SNPs for subsequent analysis. However, despite the presence of 3,757 strongly differentiated SNPs (FST > 0.8), sliding window analyses of FST showed no larger genomic regions (i.e. hundreds of thousands to millions of bases) of elevated differentiation. Overall FST was 0.041 and linkage disequilibrium was virtually absent for SNPs separated by more than 1000 bp. We suggest this to reflect a case of genomic hitchhiking, where multiple regions are under directional selection between the species. However, low but biologically significant gene flow and high effective population sizes leading to very low genetic drift preclude accumulation of strong background differentiation. Genes containing candidate SNPs for positive selection showed significant enrichment for gene ontology (GO) terms relating to developmental processes and phosphorylation, which seems consistent with assumptions that differences in larval phase duration and migratory distances underlie speciation. Most SNPs under putative selection were found outside coding regions, lending support to emerging views that non-coding regions may be more functionally important than previously assumed. In total, the results demonstrate the necessity of interpreting genomic footprints of selection in the context of demographic parameters and life-history features of the studied species.
Data from: Population genetics of the American eel (Anguilla rostrata): FST = 0 and NAO effects on demographic fluctuations of a panmictic species
We performed population genetic analyses on the American eel (Anguilla rostrata) with three main objectives. First, we conducted the most comprehensive analysis of neutral genetic population structure to date in order to revisit the null hypothesis of panmixia in this species. Second, we used this data to provide the first estimates of contemporary effective population size (Ne) and to document temporal variation in effective number of breeders (Nb) in American eel. Third, we tested for statistical associations between temporal variation in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, the effective number of breeders and two indices of recruit abundance. A total of 2142 eels from 32 sampling locations were genotyped with 18 microsatellite loci. All measures of differentiation were essentially zero, and no evidence for significant spatial or temporal genetic differentiation was found. The panmixia hypothesis should thus be accepted for this species. Nb estimates varied by a factor of 23 among 12 cohorts, from 473 to 10 999. The effective population size Ne was estimated to be around 22 382. This study also showed that genetically based demographic indices, namely Nb and allelic richness (Ar), can be used as surrogates for the abundance of breeders and recruits, which were both shown to be positively influenced by variation during high (positive) NAO phases. Thus, long-term genetic monitoring of American glass eels at several sites along the North American Atlantic coast would represent a powerful and efficient complement to census monitoring to track demographic fluctuations and better understand their causes.
Speciation history of European (Anguilla anguilla) and American eel (A. rostrata), analyzed using genomic data
<p>Speciation in the ocean could differ from terrestrial environments due to fewer barriers to gene flow. Hence, sympatric speciation might be common, with American and European eel being candidates for exemplifying this. They show disjunct continental distributions on both sides of the Atlantic, but spawn in overlapping regions of the Sargasso Sea from where juveniles are advected to North American, European and North African coasts. Hybridization and introgression is known to occur, with hybrids almost exclusively observed in Iceland. Different speciation scenarios have been suggested, involving either vicariance or sympatric ecological speciation. Using RAD sequencing and whole-genome sequencing data from parental species and F1 hybrids, we analyzed speciation history based on the Joint Allele Frequency Spectrum (JAFS) and PSMC (pairwise sequentially Markovian coalescent) plot. JAFS supported a model involving a split without gene flow 150,000 – 160,000 generations ago, followed by secondary contact 87,000 – 92,000 generations ago, with 64% of the genome experiencing restricted gene flow. This supports vicariance rather than sympatric speciation, likely associated with Pleistocene Glaciation cycles and ocean current changes. Whole genome PSMC analysis of F1 hybrids from Iceland suggested divergence 200,000 generations ago and indicated subsequent gene flow rather than strict isolation. Finally, simulations showed that results from both approaches (JAFS and PSMC) were congruent. Hence, there is strong evidence against sympatric speciation in North Atlantic eels. These results reiterate the need for careful consideration of cases of possible sympatric speciation, as even in seemingly barrier-free oceanic environments palaeoceanographic factors may have promoted vicariance and allopatric speciation.</p>
Data from: Population genetics of the American eel (Anguilla rostrata): FST = 0 and NAO effects on demographic fluctuations of a panmictic species
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Data from: Genomic footprints of speciation in Atlantic eels (Anguilla anguilla and A. rostrata)
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Data from: RAD-sequencing highlights polygenic discrimination of habitat ecotypes in the panmictic American eel (Anguilla rostrata)
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Data from: Draft genome of the American eel (Anguilla rostrata)
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Data from: In absence of local adaptation, plasticity and spatially varying selection rule: a view from genomic reaction norms in a panmictic species (Anguilla rostrata)
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Speciation history of European (Anguilla anguilla) and American eel (A. rostrata), analyzed using genomic data
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Data from: Assessing pre- and post-zygotic barriers between North Atlantic eels (Anguilla anguilla and A. rostrata)
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FIGURE 8. Anguilla rostrata, ROM 20869, 300 in Annotated list and key to the stream fishes of Trinidad & Tobago
FIGURE 8. Anguilla rostrata, ROM 20869, 300 mm TL, Shark River, Trinidad.
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