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Fig. 4 in Isolation and characterization of native Bacillus thuringiensis strains from Saudi Arabia with enhanced larvicidal toxicity against the mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae (s.l.)

Fig. 4 Comparisojs amojc tde jative Bt63 ajd tde referejce straij Bt-H14 tdroucd biocdemical profilijc, scajjijc electroj microcrapdu ajd pdasecojtrast microscopu. Ij a, biocdemical profilijc sitd tde API 50CH sustem sdoss tdat tde Bt63 isolate produces acid from sucrose (ijdicated bu arrow), sdereas ij b Bti-H14 is jecative (arrow); all otder 49 biocdemical reactiojs sere similar. Ij c ajd d, scajjijc electroj microcrapd (×10,000) of Bt63 reveals its larcer Cry crustals (Cr) ajd smaller spores (Sp) tdaj tdose Bti-H14. Ij e ajd f, tde pdase-cojtrast microcrapds of sucrose cradiejt-separated Cry Crustals (Cr) from Bt63 appear, comparativelu, larcer tdaj tdose of Bti-H14. Scale-bars: c, d, 1 μm; e, f, 10 μm

Fig. 3 in Isolation and characterization of native Bacillus thuringiensis strains from Saudi Arabia with enhanced larvicidal toxicity against the mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae (s.l.)

Fig. 3 SDS-PAGE profiles of sdole parasporal crustals/spores mixtures. a Profiles after dissolutioj of proteij crustals at alkalije pH (10.5–11). b Profiles follosijc pH-jeutralizatioj. c Profiles after trupsij-treatmejt (silver staij). Tde referejce Bt-H14 is labelled as Laje 15 ajd represejted jative Bt isolates labelled sitd tdeir respective idejtificatioj jumbers (see Table 4). Lajes M: proteij molecular mass markers (245 to 11 kDa). Across all tdree cojditiojs, SDS-PAGE profiles sere distijct betseej tde dicdlu bio-active jative Bt-63 isolate ajd referejce Bti-H14 sitd white ajd black arross ijdicatijc bajds presejt ij oje but jot tde otder

Fig. 1 in Isolation and characterization of native Bacillus thuringiensis strains from Saudi Arabia with enhanced larvicidal toxicity against the mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae (s.l.)

Fig. 1 Neicdbour-joijijc tree describijc tde decree of cejetic similaritu of jative larvicidal ajd joj-larvicidal (NL) isolated from Saudi Arabia, compared to sequejces from tde Bti-H14 ajd B. cereus referejce straij. Outcroups ijclude tde GRAM-positive bacteria Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Bacillus pumilus ajd B. megatorium. Bootstrap values are ijdicated as sell as isolates tdat sere sicjificajtlu more larvicidal (*), as sell as tde dicdlu letdal Bt63 isolate (**)

Fig. 2 in Isolation and characterization of native Bacillus thuringiensis strains from Saudi Arabia with enhanced larvicidal toxicity against the mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae (s.l.)

Fig. 2 Pdotocrapds of acarose electropdoresis cels (2%) for PCR-profilijc sitd a pajel of Cry, Cyt ajd Chi ceje primers. From left to ricdt ajd for all pajels: Laje 1: 100 bp ladder; Laje 2: referejce Bti-H14; Lajes 3–25: tde 23 jative Bt straijs ijdicated bu tdeir correspojdijc idejtificatioj jumbers (see Table 3). Ij a, b, d–f, all 23 jative Bt straijs ijcludijc Bti-H14 displaued positive amplificatioj of Cyt1, Cyt2, Cry4B, Cry10, Cry11, Cyt1Aa ajd Cyt2Aa. Ij c, all straijs sere positive for Cry4A except Bt63. Ij g, all Bt straijs sere PCR jecative for Chi ceje except Bt-12 ajd 55; sdereas all Bt straijs sere PCR positive for Cyt1Ab ceje, except tde jative isolates coded 67, 60, 63, 56 ajd 16

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Рис. 2. 1 — китайский маΛярийный комар Anopheles sinensis; 2 — рисунок крыΛа китайского маΛярийного комара Anopheles sinensis Fig. 2. 1 — Chinese malaria mosquito Anopheles sinensis; 2 — the wing pattern of the Chinese malaria mosquito Anopheles sinensis in Mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) Of The Nature Reserve "Udyl" (Khabarovsk Krai, Russia)

Рис. 2. 1 — китайский маΛярийный комар Anopheles sinensis; 2 — рисунок крыΛа китайского маΛярийного комара Anopheles sinensis Fig. 2. 1 — Chinese malaria mosquito Anopheles sinensis; 2 — the wing pattern of the Chinese malaria mosquito Anopheles sinensis

Fig. 3 Species diagnostic internal transcribed spacer 2 in Anopheles (Anopheles) petragnani Del Vecchio 1939-a new mosquito species for Germany

Fig. 3 Species diagnostic internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) fragments from all An. petragnani (367 bp) and some An. claviger s.s. (269 bp) individuals found during this study (M, Quantitas DNA Marker 100 bp–1 kb, Biozym; lanes 1–5, An. petragnani; lanes 6–10, An. claviger s.s.; − negative control)

Fig. 4 in Anopheles (Anopheles) petragnani Del Vecchio 1939-a new mosquito species for Germany

Fig. 4 Alignment of the An. petragnani consensus sequence obtained during this study with the An. petragnani consensus sequence published under AY129233.1 in GenBank

Fig. 1 in Anopheles (Anopheles) petragnani Del Vecchio 1939-a new mosquito species for Germany

Fig. 1 Map of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany. The red dots indicate the trapping sites at the river Murg in the Black Forest (Raumünzach) and in the flood plains of the river Rhine (Neuried)

Fig. 2 in Anopheles (Anopheles) petragnani Del Vecchio 1939-a new mosquito species for Germany

Fig. 2 Diagnostic setae of An. claviger s.l. larvae. a Postclypeal setae of An. petragnani. b Postclypeal setae of An. claviger s.s. c Antepalmate setae of abdominal segments IV and V of An. petragnani. d Antepalmate setae of abdominal segments IV and V of An. claviger s.s.

opencc-by-sa-4.0Oct 2017View details →

Experiments for detection of Plasmodium berghei infected Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes using near-infrared spectroscopy

Experiments for detection of Plasmodium berghei infected Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes using near-infrared spectroscopy This dataset contains near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements on Plasmodium berghei infected Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes reared in the lab together with either oocyst counts or sporozoite counts, correponding to the two experiments undertaken: <ul> <li>Experiment 1 (oocysts),  file "NIRSdata2017_Lab_AnSteph_PlasmBerg_oocysts.txt"</li> <li>Experiment 2 (sporozoites), file "NIRSdata2017_Lab_AnSteph_PlasmBerg_sporozoites.txt"</li> </ul> For further details on the experimental setup see: P.M. Esperança, A.M. Blagborough, D.F. Da, F.E. Dowell, T.S. Churcher (2018) "Detection of Plasmodium berghei infected Anopheles stephensi using near-infrared spectroscopy". Parasites and Vector, 11:377. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2960-z">https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2960-z</a>. The structure of the data files is as follows: <ul> <li>column 1 (Scan_ID): scan identifier</li> <li>column 2 (Mosquito_ID): mosquito identifier</li> <li>column 3 (Replication): replication identifier</li> <li>column 4 (Oocysts or Sporozoites): response variable <ul> <li>for the Experiment 1, the oocyst count on a level-scale</li> <li>for the Experiment 2, the sporozoite count on a log-scale: 0 (no sporozoites), 1 (1–10), 2 (11–100), 3 (101–1000), 4 (>1000)</li> </ul> </li> <li>columns 5 to 2155 (x350 to x2500): NIRS absorbance measurements for wavelengths in the range 350 to 2500 nanometers</li> </ul>

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Data from: Comparative assessment of a novel fan box trap for collecting Anopheles farauti and culicine mosquitoes alive in tropical north Queensland, Australia

During preliminary mosquito surveys at Cowley Beach Training Area in north Queensland, Australia, it was found that the utility of the standard encephalitis virus surveillance (EVS) trap for collecting the malaria vector Anopheles farauti (Laveran) adults was compromised by the harsh tropical conditions. With the aim of increasing the survival rate of mosquitoes, we designed a downdraft fan box trap (FBT) that incorporated a screened fan at the bottom of the trap, so mosquitoes did not have to pass through a fan. The FBT was tested against the EVS and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps, where mosquitoes do pass through a fan, and a nonpowered passive box trap (PBT). We conducted four trials to compare the quantity and survival of An. farauti and culicine mosquitoes were collected in these traps. Although not significant, the FBT collected more An. farauti than the EVS trap and PBT and significantly less An. farauti than the CDC light trap. However, the FBT improved on the CDC light trap in terms of the survival of An. farauti adults collected, with a significantly higher percentage alive in the FBT (74.6%) than in the CDC light trap (27.5%). Thus, although the FBT did not collect as many anophelines as the CDC, it proved to be superior to current trap systems for collecting large numbers of live and relatively undamaged mosquitoes. Therefore, it is recommended that FBTs be used for collecting An. farauti adults in northern Australia, especially when high survival and sample quality are important.

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

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Comprehensive characterisation of the genomic insertion site of a transgene in highly repetitive, centromeric region of Anopheles mosquitoes

The availability of the genomic sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae has sparked in recent years the development of transgenic technologies with the potential to be used as novel tools for vector control. These technologies rely on genome editing that confers features able to affect vector capacity. This can be achieved by either reducing the mosquito population or by making mosquitoes refractory to the parasite infection. Although sophisticated molecular techniques such as those based on AttB/AttP site-specific recombination and CRISPR/Cas9 systems can lead to the integration of transgenes in specific sites of the genome, methods that allow semi-random integration are still in use due to their high efficiency; PiggyBac transposon-mediated integrations fall in this category. Characterization of the insertion site of transgenes in transgenic strains generated via PiggyBac integration can be hampered when the transgene is inserted in regions of the genome rich in repetitive sequences. Here we describe a number of techniques that were used to identify the genomic location of the transgene in a repetitive region in the Anopheles gambiae strain Ag(PMB)1 which was initially reported on Chromosome 3R 36D. Whilst Inverse PCR used in previous analysis was unable to distinguish between multiple genomic locations as potential insertion sites of the transgene, here we demonstrate that the use of FISH identifies clearly the integration of the transgene in a poorly annotated centromeric region of Chromosome 2R 19D. This study emphasises the need for accuracy in sequencing data for the genome of organisms of medical importance such as Anopheles mosquitoes. An effort to further improve reference genomes is of paramount importance to support and facilitate vector control interventions based on genome editing.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

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Fig. 5 in Anopheles (Anopheles) petragnani Del Vecchio 1939-a new mosquito species for Germany

Fig. 5 Rock pool in the granite river bed of the Murg

publicFeb 2024View details →

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Data from: Quantification of sporozoite expelling by Anopheles mosquitoes infected with laboratory and naturally circulating P. falciparum gametocytes

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Data from: Comparative assessment of a novel fan box trap for collecting Anopheles farauti and culicine mosquitoes alive in tropical north Queensland, Australia

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

publicJan 2024View details →

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes as vectors of Plasmodium vivax and falciparum, Horn of Africa, 2019

An. stephensi, an efficient malaria vector in parts of Asia and Africa, was observed in 75.3% of water sources surveyed, and contributed to 80.9% of wild-caught Anopheles mosquitoes in Awash Sebat Kilo, Ethiopia. High susceptibility of these mosquitoes to Plasmodium falciparum and vivax infection presents a challenge for malaria control in the Horn of Africa. This study was conducted in Awash Sebat Kilo, Ethiopia, an area of perennial malaria transmission, from April to September 2019. We examined aquatic habitats for immature-stage Anopheles mosquitoes by standard dipping (10x/site) for 5 consecutive days. We assessed mosquito resting, feeding, and host-seeking behavior.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Laboratory rearing of Anopheles arabiensis: impact on genetic variability and implications for Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) based mosquito control in northern Sudan

Background: Mosquito colony populations often show significant changes in their population genetic make-up compared to the field populations that were used as founding source. Most of the changes that have been reported are indicators of depletion in the overall genetic diversity of the colony populations. The Sterile Insect Techniques programme of mosquito control that is underway in Northern Sudan uses sterilized males produced from a laboratory-maintained colony population. The genetic diversity of an advanced generation of this colony population was quantitatively assessed and compared to the field population from which the colony was derived. Methods: Anopheles arabiensis mosquito samples from the 13th generation of the colony, and from the locality that was the source of the first generation of the colony, were genotyped at 11 microsatellite loci distributed throughout the species' genome. Standard population genetic analyses were carried out to quantify and compare their population genetic make-up and diversities. Results: The colony samples showed significant reduction in the total number of alleles, the numbers of rare and private alleles, and the fractions of heterozygote individuals at all the loci. The pattern of change is consistent with the expected effect of the use of a small number of mosquitoes when the colony was established. Departure from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in the direction of homozygote excess was observed at some loci and attributed to the presence of null-alleles. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for broad sampling when initiating colony populations and for ongoing assessment of the population genetic make-up of colony populations. Previous assessments of survivorship, dispersive behaviour and swarm formation indicate that the inbreeding and reduced genetic variability reported in this study may not have had direct fitness consequences yet. However, noting the lessons learned in other SIT programmes about the impact of colonization on male sexual behaviour and longevity, as well as other inbreeding related adverse effects, a systematic investigation of these potential effects is recommended because they have direct impact on the ultimate success of the programme.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Extensive genetic diversity among populations of the malaria mosquito Anopheles moucheti revealed by population genomics

Malaria vectors are exposed to intense selective pressures due to large-scale intervention programs that are underway in most African countries. One of the current priorities is therefore to clearly assess the adaptive potential of Anopheline populations, which is critical to understand and anticipate the response mosquitoes can elicit against such adaptive challenges. The development of genomic resources that will empower robust examinations of evolutionary changes in all vectors including currently understudied species is an inevitable step toward this goal. Here we constructed double-digest Restriction Associated DNA (ddRAD) libraries and generated 6461 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) that we used to explore the population structure and demographic history of wild-caught Anopheles moucheti from Cameroon. The genome-wide distribution of allelic frequencies among samples best fitted that of an old population at equilibrium, characterized by a weak genetic structure and extensive genetic diversity, presumably due to a large long term effective population size. Estimates of FST and Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) across SNPs reveal a very low genetic differentiation throughout the genome and the absence of segregating LD blocks among populations, suggesting an overall lack of local adaptation. Our study provides the first investigation of the genetic structure and diversity in An. moucheti at the genomic scale. We conclude that, despite a weak genetic structure, this species has the potential to challenge current vector control measures and other rapid anthropogenic and environmental changes thanks to its great genetic diversity.