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13 results for “Anoxic events”
Temperature-related body size change of marine benthic macroinvertebrates across the early Toarcian Anoxic Event
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Data from: The fossil insect assemblage associated with the Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) Oceanic Anoxic Event from Alderton Hill, Gloucestershire, UK
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Data from: Ocean warming affected faunal dynamics of benthic invertebrate assemblages across the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event in the Iberian Basin (Spain)
<p>The Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (TOAE; Early Jurassic, ca. 182 Ma ago) represents one of the major environmental disturbances of the Mesozoic and is associated with global warming, widespread anoxia, and a severe perturbation of the global carbon cycle. Warming-related dysoxia-anoxia has long been considered the main cause of elevated marine extinction rates, although extinctions have been recorded also in environments without evidence for deoxygenation. We addressed the role of warming and disturbance of the carbon cycle in an oxygenated habitat in the Iberian Basin, Spain, by correlating high resolution quantitative faunal occurrences of early Toarcian benthic marine invertebrates with geochemical proxy data (δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>13</sup>C). We find that temperature, as derived from the δ<sup>18</sup>O record of shells, is significantly correlated with taxonomic and functional diversity and ecological composition, whereas we find no evidence to link carbon cycle variations to the faunal patterns. The local faunal assemblages before and after the TOAE are taxonomically and ecologically distinct. Most ecological change occurred at the onset of the TOAE, synchronous with an increase in water temperatures, and involved declines in multiple diversity metrics, abundance, and biomass. The TOAE interval experienced a complete turnover of brachiopods and a predominance of opportunistic species, which underscores the generality of this pattern recorded elsewhere in the western Tethys Ocean. Ecological instability during the TOAE is indicated by distinct fluctuations in diversity and in the relative abundance of individual modes of life. Local recovery to ecologically stable and diverse post-TOAE faunal assemblages occurred rapidly at the end of the TOAE, synchronous with decreasing water temperatures. Because oxygen-depleted conditions prevailed in many other regions during the TOAE, this study demonstrates that multiple mechanisms can be operating simultaneously with different relative contributions in different parts of the ocean.</p>
Data from: Effects of the early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event on ichthyosaur body size and faunal composition in the Southwest German Basin
The Early Jurassic Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event is considered one of the most dramatic environmental perturbations of the Mesozoic. An elevated extinction rate among marine invertebrates accompanied rapid environmental changes, but effects on large vertebrates are less understood. We examined changes in ichthyosaur body size in the Posidonia Shale of the Southwest German Basin spanning the extinction interval to assess how environmental changes and biotic crisis among prey species affected large reptiles. We report no species-level extinction among the ichthyosaurs coinciding with peak invertebrate extinction. Large ichthyosaurs were absent from the fauna during the extinction interval, but became more abundant in the immediate aftermath. Stenopterygius quadriscissus, the most abundant species during the extinction interval, increased in body size after the biotic event. Rapid invasion by large taxa occurred immediately following the extinction event at the end of the first ammonite zone of the early Toarcian. Greater mobility permitting exploitation of ephemeral resources and opportunistic feeding behavior may minimize the impacts of environmental change on large vertebrates.
Data from: An analysis of the impacts of Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events on global molluscan diversity dynamics
Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs) are contemporaneous with 11 of the 18 largest Phanerozoic extinction events, but the magnitude and selectivity of their paleoecological impact remains disputed. OAEs are associated with abrupt, rapid warming and increased CO2 flux to the atmosphere, thus insights from this study may clarify the impact of current anthropogenic climate change on the biosphere. We investigated the influence of the Late Cretaceous Bonarelli Event (OAE2; Cenomanian – Turonian stage boundary; ~ 94 Ma) on generic- and species-level molluscan diversity, extinction rates, and ecological turnover. Cenomanian – Turonian results were compared with changes across all Cretaceous stage boundaries, some of which are coincident with less severe OAEs. We found increased generic turnover, but not species-level turnover, associated with several Cretaceous OAEs. The absence of a species-level pattern may reflect species occurrence data that are too temporally coarse to robustly detect patterns. Five hypotheses of ecological selectivity relating anoxia to survivorship were tested across stage boundaries with respect to faunality, mobility and diet using generalized linear models. Increasingly benthic taxa were consistently selected against throughout the Cretaceous regardless of the presence or absence of OAEs. These results suggest that: (1) the Cenomanian – Turonian boundary (OAE2) was associated with a decline in mollusk diversity, and increase in extinction rate, that was significantly more severe than Cretaceous background levels; and (2) no differential ecological selectivity was associated with OAE-related diversity declines among the variables tested here.
First record of oceanic anoxic event 1d at southern high latitudes: Sedimentary and geochemical evidence from International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 369
<p>Oceanic anoxic event 1d (OAE 1d) has been well studied at northern low latitudes (i.e., in Tethys and the North Atlantic); however, the paleoenvironmental response associated with this event at high latitudes has not been documented and the trigger mechanism remains unknown. Here, we address both of these shortcomings by presenting the first detailed sedimentary and geochemical multi-proxy records of the OAE 1d at southern high latitudes (60-62°S), obtained from sediments at Site U1513, IODP Expedition 369. In particular, the record of sedimentary mercury proxy reveals that OAE 1d is associated with the Central Kerguelen large igneous province volcanism. Furthermore, the significant increase in continental runoff and consequent terrigenous input for southwestern Australia in the southeastern proto-India Ocean might have resulted regionally in weakened bottom-water oxygenation and strengthened organic matter burial during OAE 1d. Oceanic anoxic event 1d (OAE 1d) has been well studied at northern low latitudes (i.e., in Tethys and the North Atlantic); however, the paleoenvironmental response associated with this event at high latitudes has not been documented and the trigger mechanism remains unknown. Here, we address both of these shortcomings by presenting the first detailed sedimentary and geochemical multi-proxy records of the OAE 1d at southern high latitudes (60-62°S), obtained from sediments at Site U1513, IODP Expedition 369. In particular, the record of sedimentary mercury proxy reveals that OAE 1d is associated with the Central Kerguelen large igneous province volcanism. Furthermore, the significant increase in continental runoff and consequent terrigenous input for southwestern Australia in the southeastern proto-India Ocean might have resulted regionally in weakened bottom-water oxygenation and strengthened organic matter burial during OAE 1d.</p>
Chemical composition data of sedimentary rocks from the Permian-Triassic boundary and Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events
<p>Bulk chemical composition data of sedimentary rocks from the Permian-Triassic boundary and Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events. This is a supplementary dataset for “Geochemical variations in sedimentary records of oxygen-depleted marine environments in representative geological periods: New perspectives from a multivariate statistical technique” by Moei Yano et al.</p>
Data from: An analysis of the impacts of Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Events on global molluscan diversity dynamics
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Data from: Ocean warming affected faunal dynamics of benthic invertebrate assemblages across the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event in the Iberian Basin (Spain)
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Data from: Effects of the early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event on ichthyosaur body size and faunal composition in the Southwest German Basin
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Data from: The Lilliput effect in crinoids at the end of the Oceanic Anoxic Event 2: a case study from Poland
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Supplementary information of Lacustrine element drawdown and N2O emission driving protracted warming during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event
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Calcium isotope ratios of malformed foraminifera reveal biocalcification stress preceded Oceanic Anoxic Event 2
<p>These data include bulk carbonate calcium, oxygen and carbon isotope data from Gubbio, Italy and the Angus Aristocrat Core from the Western Interior Seaway in Colorado, USA as well as foraminiferal calcium, oxygen and carbon isotope data from Gubbio, Italy. All calcium isotope data were generated using a high-precision Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometer method. Carbon and oxygen isotope data were generated using an Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer.</p>
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