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11 results for “Apomorphy”
Fig. 1. Phylogenetic relationships of species of Eusurbus and Zentamyia. Tree generated from morpho- logical phylogenetic analysis, unambiguous apomorphies mapped on branches, black circles indicate non- homoplasious changes.
Fig. 1. Phylogenetic relationships of species of Eusurbus and Zentamyia. Tree generated from morpho- logical phylogenetic analysis, unambiguous apomorphies mapped on branches, black circles indicate non- homoplasious changes.
FIGURE 7 in A new species of Apisa Walker, 1855 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) from Uganda with remarks on the apomorphies of the genus
FIGURE 7. Distribution of the new species. Red dots represent Ugandean specimens, yellow one paratypes from Gabon.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of Apisa Walker, 1855 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) from Uganda with remarks on the apomorphies of the genus
FIGURE 5. Molecular Phylogenetic analysis by the Maximum Likelihood method. Bootstrap support values are indicated at nodes. The tree shows all type specimens of A. atrovenosa sp. n. belonging to Dufraneella subgenus (purple dot). One specimen of each subgenus is also shown (yellow dot—Apisa s. str., blue dot— Parapisa). Anapisa holobrunnea was used as an outgroup. Scale bar—number of substitutions per site.
FIGURE 4 in A new species of Apisa Walker, 1855 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) from Uganda with remarks on the apomorphies of the genus
FIGURE 4. SEM photo of leg without and with arolium. A, B Apisa sp., C Balacra rattrayi, D Anapisa holobrunnea, E Amata phegea. Photo F shows the imago used for SEM photography. Each specimen is marked with a label corresponding to the SEM image of the tarsus
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Apisa Walker, 1855 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) from Uganda with remarks on the apomorphies of the genus
FIGURE 2. Apisa atrovenosa sp. n., paratypes upperside, underside with labels. Upper row represents specimens from Uganda while lower row specimens from Gabon.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Apisa Walker, 1855 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) from Uganda with remarks on the apomorphies of the genus
FIGURE 3. Apisa atrovenosa sp. n., holotype (A) and one of paratypes (B). Male genitalia, aedeagus with everted vesica. The arrows marks the process located on the valva.
FIGURE 6 in A new species of Apisa Walker, 1855 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) from Uganda with remarks on the apomorphies of the genus
FIGURE 6. Phylogenetic tree based on Bayesian inference method including COI sequences. Values at nodes correspond to posterior probability support. Tree showing a new species of A. atrovenosa sp. n. (purple dot), representatives of other subgenus (yellow dot—Apisa s. str., blue dot— Parapisa) and outgroup (Anapisa holobrunnea), detailed species description in Table 2.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Apisa Walker, 1855 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) from Uganda with remarks on the apomorphies of the genus
FIGURE 1. Apisa atrovenosa sp. n., holotype upperside, underside with labels.
Data from: A phylogenomic approach to reconstruct interrelationships of main clupeocephalan lineages with a critical discussion of morphological apomorphies.
Background: Previous molecular studies on the phylogeny and classification of clupeocephalan fishes revealed numerous new taxonomic entities. For re-analysing these taxa on a phylogenomic scale, we perform target gene capturing and subsequent next generation sequencing of putative ortholog exons of major clupeocephalan lineages. Sequence information for the RNA bait design was derived from publicly available genomes of bony fishes. Newly acquired sequence data comprising >800 exon sequences was subsequently used for phylogenetic reconstructions. Results: Our results support monophyletic Otomorpha comprising Alepocephaliformes. Within Ostariophysi, Gonorynchiformes are sister to a clade comprising Cypriniformes, Characiformes, Siluriformes and Gymnotiformes, where the interrelationships of Characiformes, Siluriformes and Gymnotiformes remain enigmatic. Euteleosts comprise four major clades: Lepidogalaxiiformes, Protacanthopterygii, Stomiatii, and Galaxiiformes plus Neoteleostei. The monotypic Lepidogalaxiiformes form the sister-group to all remaining euteleosts. Protacanthopterygii, comprising Argentini-, Esoci- and Salmoniformes, is sister to Stomiatii (Osmeriformes and Stomiatiformes) and Galaxiiformes plus Neoteleostei. Conclusions: Several proposed monophyla defined by morphological apomorphies within the Clupeocephalan phylogeny are confirmed by the phylogenetic estimates presented herein. However, other morphologically described groups cannot be reconciled with molecular phylogenies. Thus, numerous morphological apomoprhies of supposed monophyla are called into question. The interpretation of suggested morphological synapomorphies of otomorph fishes is strongly affected by the inclusion of deep-sea inhabiting, and to that effect morphologically adapted Alepocephaliformes. Our revision of these potential synapomorphies, in the context that Alepocephaliformes are otomorph fishes, reveal that only a single character of the total nine characters proposed as synapomorphic for the group is clearly valid for all otomorphs. Two further characters associated to the swim bladder remain possible apomorphies, as their status could not be evaluated, since Alepocephaliformes do not have this structure. Further, our analysis places Galaxiiformes as sister group to neoteleosts, which contradicts some previous molecular phylogenetic studies. This needs further investigation from a morphological perspective, as suggested synapomophies for several euteleostean lineages are challenged or still lacking. For the verification of results presented herein, a denser phylogenomic-level taxon sampling should be applied.
Data from: A phylogenomic approach to reconstruct interrelationships of main clupeocephalan lineages with a critical discussion of morphological apomorphies.
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Data from: Squamate phylogenetics, molecular branch lengths, and molecular apomorphies: a response to McMahan et al. (2015)
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