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4 results for “Architectural geometry”
New insights into tree architecture from mobile laser scanning and geometry analysis
<p><span>The structure and dynamics of a forest are defined by the architecture and growth patterns of its individual trees. In turn, tree architecture and growth result from the interplay between the genetic building plans and environmental factors. We set out to investigate whether (i) latitudinal adaptations of the crown shape occur due to characteristic solar elevation angles at a species' origin, (ii) architectural differences in trees are related to seed dispersal strategies, and (iii) tree architecture relates to tree growth performance. We used Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) to scan 473 trees and generated three-dimensional data of each tree. Tree architectural complexity was then characterized by fractal analysis using the box-dimension approach along with a topological measure of the top-heaviness of a tree. The tree species studied originated from various latitudinal ranges but were grown in the same environmental settings in the arboretum. We found that trees originating from higher latitudes had significantly less top-heavy geometries than those from lower latitudes. Therefore, to a certain degree, the crown shape of tree species seems to be determined by their original habitat. We also found that tree species with wind-dispersed seeds had a higher structural complexity than those with animal-dispersed seeds (p < 0.001). Furthermore, tree architectural complexity was positively related to the growth performance of the trees (p < 0.001). We conclude that the use of 3D data from MLS in combination with geometrical analysis, including fractal analysis, is a promising tool to investigate tree architecture.</span></p>
New insights into tree architecture from mobile laser scanning and geometry analysis
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Figs. 1–6. 1 in An Analysis of Larval Cranial Architecture and Mandibular Geometry ofDytiscus carolinusAubé, 1838 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)
Figs. 1–6. 1) Illustration of the computation of temporal curvature using a dorsal view of a third-instar cranium (Barman et al. 2013) of Platambus stagninus (Say, 1823). Dytiscus carolinus: 2) Lateral view of a third-instar cranium illustrating computation of cranial orientation; 3) Ventral view of a third-instar mandible illustrating the method for estimating angle of attack (Wall et al. 2006; Barman et al. 2014) and medial (MArc) and lateral (LArc) arcs (Feduccia 1993; Wall et al. 2006; Barman et al. 2014); Ventral view of cranium and mandibles of 4) First instar; 5) Second instar; 6) Third instar. Scale bars = 1 mm. CS = coronal suture; OR = occipital region; TR = temporal region.
Fig. 1 in Interspecific Variation in Cranial Architecture and Mandibular Geometry in Two Agabine (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) Larval Co-Inhabitants of a Temporary Habitat
Fig. 1. Frequency distributions for intermandibular articulation distances (ID) for mature larval representatives of Bibb Co., Georgia populations of Agabus disintegratus (black bars) and Agabus punctatus (white bars) (n = 10 each) and a Baldwin Co., Georgia population of A. punctatus (striped bars) (n = 9).
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