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21 results for “Ardeidae”
FIGURE 2 in A night heron (Ciconiiformes, Ardeidae) and a stork (Ciconiidae) from the Pliocene of Myanmar (Burma)
FIGURE 2. Stereophotograph pairs of the night herson distal tarsometatarsus (NMMP-KU-IR 0343) from the SLG1 locality, Myanmar. 1, distal view; 2, medial view; 3, lateral view; 4, dorsal view; 5, plantar view. Abbreviations: df – distal foramen; r – ridge.
FIGURE 1 in A night heron (Ciconiiformes, Ardeidae) and a stork (Ciconiidae) from the Pliocene of Myanmar (Burma)
FIGURE 1. Map of Myanmar showing the SLG1 fossil locality (star) and geological map around the SLG locality (Geological map: after The Geological Map of Burma, 1: 1000,000 map; Earth Sciences Research Division, 1977).
FIGURE 3 in A night heron (Ciconiiformes, Ardeidae) and a stork (Ciconiidae) from the Pliocene of Myanmar (Burma)
FIGURE 3. Stereophotograph pairs of the stork distal tibiotatarsus (NMMP-KU-IR 0355) from the SLG1 locality, Myanmar. 1, caudal view; 2, cranial view; 3, distal view; 4, medial view; 5, lateral view. Abbreviations: it – intercondylar tubercle; le – lateral epicondyle; n – notch; r – ridge; sb – supratendinal bridge.
Figure 5. A in A Heron (Aves: Ardeidae) from the Early Miocene St Bathans Fauna of Southern New Zealand
Figure 5. A strict consensus tree of the 12 shortest trees (length = 153, CI = 0.4444, HI = 0.5556, RI = 0.7222) in which the topology was constrained with Ardeidae as sister group to an outgroup comprised of the non ardeid Ciconiiformes and the pelecaniform—Phalacrocorax carbo. Bootstrap support values (> 0.50) are shown above and the number of significant (> 0.50) unambiguous apomorphies are shown below the corresponding node.
Figure 1 in A Heron (Aves: Ardeidae) from the Early Miocene St Bathans Fauna of Southern New Zealand
Figure 1. Specimens of the fossil heron Matuku otagoense. Scale bar is 1 cm. Right coracoid, extremitas omalis, paratype of Matuku otagoense, S.50004, HH1a, in medial (A) and lateral (B) aspects; left tarsometatarsus, holotype of Matuku otagoense, S.50003, HH4, in plantar (C) and dorsal (D) aspects; and referred axis vertebra S.50853, HH4, in cranial (E) and left lateral (F) aspects. Abbreviations: fac, clavicular facet, facies articularis clavicularis; smc, supracoracoidal sulcus, sulcus musculi supracoracoidei; ridge, character 23 "Slight ridge running sternally, barely dividing sulcus into two segments"; pa, acrocoracoid, processus acrocoracoideus; fah, humeral facet, facies artic. humeralis; ila, impression for the acrocoracohumeralis ligament, impressio ligamentum acrocoracohumeralis; bt, brachial tuberosity; p, procoracoid, proc. procoracoideus; cpl, crista plantaris lateralis; fm1, fossa metatarsal I; imm, Incisura intertrochlearis medialis; tm3, trochlea metatarsi III; po, dens, processus odontoideus; fcr, cranial facies of articulation, facies articularis cranialis; zcr, prezygapophysis, zygapophysis cranialis; fca, caudal facies of articulation, facies artic. caudalis; zca, postzygapophysis, zygapophysis caudalis; pv, hypapophysis, proc. ventralis corporis; fp, pneumatic foramen, foramen pneumaticum; ps, spinous process, proc. spinosus; ft, transverse foramen, foramen tranversarium.
Figure 4 in A Heron (Aves: Ardeidae) from the Early Miocene St Bathans Fauna of Southern New Zealand
Figure 4. Ratio diagram (after Simpson, 1941) using measurements of Nycticorax caledonicus as the origin (i.e. log of measurement of Nycticorax caledonicus is equivalent to 0). This diagram indicates that the relative proportions of the fossil heron bones vary in a similar way to those of other herons and so it is likely that the fossil bones come from a single species. Abbreviations: (A), tarsometatarsus, maximum distal width; (B), tarsometatarsus, maximum distal depth; (C), tarsometatarsus, width of trochlea metatarsi III; (D), Tarsometatarsus, estimated total length; (E), coracoid, maximum cranial width (from hum. facet to brachial tub.); (F), coracoid, maximum shaft width (below procoracoid); (G), coracoid, length of humeral facet; (H), coracoid, depth of humeral facet; (I), quadrate, mean of 2 individuals, depth from capit. squam. to cond. lateralis; (J), quadrate, mean of 2 individuals, depth from capit. squam. to cond. medialis; (K), axis, width of facies articularis cranialis; (L), axis, inter-condyle distance; (M), axis, width of single zygapophyses caudalis; (N), axis, depth single zygapophyses caudalis; (O), axis, greatest width (across facies artic. caudalis).
Figure 3 in A Heron (Aves: Ardeidae) from the Early Miocene St Bathans Fauna of Southern New Zealand
Figure 3. Mandible tips of referred specimen of the fossil heron Matuku otagoense n.sp., (S.51174, HH1a), (A, C, E) and Recent Nankeen Night Heron Nycticorax caledonicus, SAM B.48523, South Australia, (B, D, F). Scale bar is 1 cm. Rostrum mandibulae: in medial aspect (A, B); in dorsal aspect (C, D), and in ventral aspect (E, F) ventral aspect. Abbreviation: ps, pars symphysialis.
Figure 2 in A Heron (Aves: Ardeidae) from the Early Miocene St Bathans Fauna of Southern New Zealand
Figure 2. Referred specimens of the fossil heron Matuku otagoense. Scale bar is 1 cm. Left quadrate (S. 50852; HH4): (A) caudal aspect; (B) rostral aspect; (C) lateral aspect; (D) medial aspect; (E) ventral aspect. Abbreviations: o, capitulum oticum; ic, vallecula intercapitularis; s, capitulum squamosum; ct, crista tympanica; c, condylus caudalis; pt, condylus pterygoideus; pm, processus medialis; m, condylus medialis; l, condylus lateralis; pl, processus lateralis; cm, crista medialis; cl, crista lateralis; or, processus orbitalis; fb, fossa basiorbitalis; pf, facies pterygoidea; dp, depression praecondylaris; qj, cotyla quadratojugalis; fm, foramen pneumaticum mediale; in, vallecula intercondylaris; t on dp, tubercle on depressio praecondylaris.
Figure 6. A Bayesian consensus tree derived from 4,001 in A Heron (Aves: Ardeidae) from the Early Miocene St Bathans Fauna of Southern New Zealand
Figure 6. A Bayesian consensus tree derived from 4,001 trees sampled: Run 1 (mean = –546.302, s.d. = 0.099, Effective Sample Size = 3208.424); Run 2 (–546.223, 0.113, 2388.97). Support values are shown above the corresponding node.
Ultraconserved elements resolve the phylogeny and corroborate patterns of molecular rate variation in herons (Aves: Ardeidae)
<p>Thoroughly sampled and well-supported phylogenetic trees are essential to taxonomy and to guide studies of evolution and ecology. Despite extensive prior inquiry, a comprehensive tree of heron relationships (Aves: Ardeidae) has not yet been published. As a result, the classification of this family remains unstable, and their evolutionary history remains poorly studied. Here, we sample genome-wide ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and mitochondrial DNA sequences (mtDNA) of >90% of extant species to estimate heron phylogeny using a combination of maximum likelihood (ML), coalescent, and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. The UCE and mtDNA trees are mostly concordant with one another, providing a topology that resolves relationships among the five heron subfamilies and indicates that the genera <em>Gorsachius</em>, <em>Botaurus</em>, <em>Ardea</em>, and <em>Ixobrychus</em> are not monophyletic. We also present the first genetic data from the Forest Bittern <em>Zonerodius</em> <em>heliosylus</em>, an enigmatic species of New Guinea; our results suggest that it is a member of the genus <em>Ardeola</em> and not the Tigrisomatinae (tiger herons), as previously thought. Lastly, we compare molecular rates between heron clades in the UCE tree with those in previously constructed mtDNA and DNA-DNA hybridization trees. We show that rate variation in the UCE tree corroborates rate patterns in the previously constructed trees, i.e., that bitterns (<em>Ixobrychus</em> and <em>Botaurus</em>) evolved comparatively faster, and some tiger herons (<em>Tigrisoma</em>) and the Boat-billed Heron (<em>Cochlearius</em>) more slowly, than other heron taxa. </p>
Ultraconserved elements resolve the phylogeny and corroborate patterns of molecular rate variation in herons (Aves: Ardeidae)
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Data for: Morphological covariance and onset of foot prehensility as indicators of integrated evolutionary dynamics in the herons (Ardeidae)
<p>The ultimate form an organism attains is based, in part, on the rate and timing of developmental trajectories and on compensatory relationships between morphological traits. For example, there is often an inverse correlation between the relative size of an organism's head and the length of its legs. Avian examples with disproportionately small heads and long legs include ostriches (Struthionidae), flamingos (Phoenicopteridae), cranes (Gruidae), stilts (Recurvirostridae), and storks (Ciconiidae). To determine whether a possible compensatory relationship exists between relative head size and hind-limb length in a typically long-legged family of birds—the Ardeidae—we measured skull dimensions (length, width, and height of cranium, and total skull length, including culmen) and skeletal hind-limb dimensions (femur, tibiotarsus, and tarsometatarsus) of the 12 North American species (north of Mexico) and of 12 additional taxa, including the morphologically divergent Agamia and Cochlearius. Our analyses reveal a negative allometric relationship between head size and leg length. For example, <em>Ardea</em> species exhibit the smallest relative head sizes and the longest legs, while <em>Butorides</em>, <em>Nycticorax</em>, <em>Nyctanassa</em>, and <em>Cochlearius</em> have among the largest heads relative to hind-limb length. Furthermore, both positive and negative allometries occur in paired comparisons between the three hind-limb bones, resulting in tall morphotypes having disproportionately short femurs while small morphotypes exhibit long femurs; this relationship has implications for foraging behavior. Moreover, long legs of <em>Ardea</em> apparently derive from an extended growth period, or hypermorphosis, while relatively short legs of <em>Butorides</em> result from growth truncation. The latter are thus morphologically paedomorphic features that, paradoxically, permit a functional precociality of the hind limbs: early onset of prehensile ability of the feet for grasping branches, which nestlings retain into adulthood, later expressed in foraging mode. This developmentally accelerated prehensile function in small species may be attributed, in part, to selection for predator avoidance in the early nestling stage.</p>
Data for: Morphological covariance and onset of foot prehensility as indicators of integrated evolutionary dynamics in the herons (Ardeidae)
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Genetic insights into the range expansion of the cattle egret (Pelecaniformes: Ardeidae) in Brazil and population differentiation between the native and colonized areas
<p>Gnotypes of Cattle Egrets (Bubulcus ibis) at 14 microsatellite loci amplified using the primers in Table S1 of the article. The protocols are described in Appendix S1 of the Supplementary Material of Miño et al. 2022.</p> <p>Bubulcus ibis ibis naturally expanded its range by flying over the Atlantic Ocean from Africa or Europe (native range) to South America, being first reported in Suriname towards the end of the 19th century. However, the source populations of the birds colonising South America still remains unclear. Here, to o gain insights into the possible source and routes of colonisation, we characterize the levels of diversity at nuclear microsatellites and assessed the genetic structure of populations from central and southern Africa (n = 129, 13 sites, five countries) and from different latitudes along Brazil (n = 166, six sites). We found overall high levels of genetic diversity in the colonised range, which fit the expectations for organisms with long-distance dispersal potential, rapid growth rates and feeding plasticity. Noteworthy, the results from population-genetic analyses based on different assumptions concurrently agree in indicating that cattle egrets from Brazil harbour a genetic pool distinct from populations from Africa, suggesting restricted contemporary gene flow between these ranges. The lack of genetic differentiation among the African populations did not enable us to identify the source of Brazilian cattle egrets. Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, off the Brazilian northeastern coast, had the highest proportion of the African allelic ancestry. Approximate Bayesian computation analyses supported a scenario of population growth in Africa with subsequent expansion to Brazil and migration from Africa to Brazil at the time of colonisation. We discuss our findings in light of the anthropogenic changes that may have promoted the range expansion of this egret into Brazil.</p>
FIGURA 1 in Nidificação Colonial De Butorides Striata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Ciconiiformes: Ardeidae) Em Área Alagável No Município De Porto Esperidião, Mato Grosso
FIGURA 1: Número de ninhos ativos em cada período (ovos e ninhegos), em área alagável, município de Porto Esperidião, na estação reprodutiva de 2010.
Figure 6 from: Ferreira GS, Almeida dos Santos DA, Lopes EV (2019) Richness, abundance and microhabitat use by Ardeidae (Aves: Pelecaniformes) during one seasonal cycle in the floodplain lakesof the lower Amazon River. Zoologia 36: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e30475
Figure 6 Factorial diagram of the Canonical Correspondence Analysis, including environmental variables (wave height, wave period, swash time, organic matter%, rainfall and frequency of storm wave events) and macrofauna species on Grussaí and Manguinhos beaches. Ab: Atlantorchestoideabrasiliensis; Dh: Donaxhanleyanus; Eb: Emeritabrasiliensis; Exb: Excirolanabraziliensis; Hc: Hemipodiacaliforniensis; Mys: Mysida sp.; Nem: Nemertea; Olig: Oligochaeta; Ov: Olivancillariavesica; Pen: Peneidae; Pue: Puelche sp.; Sco: Scolelepis sp.; Tt: Talorchestiatucurauna.
Figure 4 from: Ferreira GS, Almeida dos Santos DA, Lopes EV (2019) Richness, abundance and microhabitat use by Ardeidae (Aves: Pelecaniformes) during one seasonal cycle in the floodplain lakesof the lower Amazon River. Zoologia 36: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e30475
Figure 4 Number of species (richness) and density (individuals/m2) for the dissipative (Manguinhos Beach) and intermediate (Grussaí Beach) beaches in the dry (July/2012, August/2012, July/2013 and September/2013) and rainy (January/2013, February/2013, March/2014 and April/2014) seasons.
Figure 3 from: Ferreira GS, Almeida dos Santos DA, Lopes EV (2019) Richness, abundance and microhabitat use by Ardeidae (Aves: Pelecaniformes) during one seasonal cycle in the floodplain lakesof the lower Amazon River. Zoologia 36: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e30475
Figure 3 Monthly discharge of Paraíba do Sul River and rainfall. River discharge and rainfall are correlated variables (R> 0.5). Rainfall data refer to Campos dos Goytacazes municipality (40–50 km from Grussaí and Manguinhos beaches) and was obtained from National Institute for Meteorology (INMET: http://www.inmet.gov.br).
Figure 5 from: Ferreira GS, Almeida dos Santos DA, Lopes EV (2019) Richness, abundance and microhabitat use by Ardeidae (Aves: Pelecaniformes) during one seasonal cycle in the floodplain lakesof the lower Amazon River. Zoologia 36: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e30475
Figure 5 Regression analysis of the macrofauna richness and density as function of the number of storm wave events (SWE) and wave height, respectively. The pink dots represent each dependent (marine debris on ghost crab burrow) and independent variables (distance from urban settlements). Blue shaded area indicates 95% confidence intervals and pink line is the distribution of residuals. Blue line is the regression straight. Only significant (p < 0.05) predictors were considered in the effects plot.
Figure 2 from: Ferreira GS, Almeida dos Santos DA, Lopes EV (2019) Richness, abundance and microhabitat use by Ardeidae (Aves: Pelecaniformes) during one seasonal cycle in the floodplain lakesof the lower Amazon River. Zoologia 36: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.36.e30475
Figure 2 Sampling design for macrofauna collection in the intertidal zone. Each station included three pooled samplings per strata (upper, middle and lower) of the intertidal zone as sampling unit.
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