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17 results for “Australian biogeography”
Biogeography and evolution of social parasitism in Australian Myrmecia bulldog ants revealed by phylogenomics
<p>Studying the historical biogeography and life history transitions from eusocial colony life to social parasitism contributes to our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms generating biodiversity in eusocial insects. The bulldog ants in the genus <em>Myrmecia</em> are a well-suited system for testing competing evolutionary hypotheses about how their species diversity was assembled through time because the genus is endemic to Australia with the single exception of the species <em>Myrmecia apicalis </em>inhabiting the Pacific Island of New Caledonia and because at least one social parasite species exists in the genus. However, the evolutionary mechanisms underlying the disjunct biogeographic distribution of <em>M. apicalis</em> and the life history transition(s) to social parasitism remain unexplored. To study the biogeographic origin of the isolated, oceanic species <em>M. apicalis</em> and to reveal the origin and evolutionary history of social parasitism in the genus, we reconstructed a comprehensive phylogeny of the ant subfamily Myrmeciinae. We utilized Ultra Conserved Elements (UCEs) as molecular markers to generate a comprehensive molecular genetic dataset consisting of 2,287 loci per taxon on average for 66 out of the 93 known <em>Myrmecia </em>species as well as for the sister lineage <em>Nothomyrmecia macrops</em> and selected outgroup taxa. Our time-calibrated phylogeny inferred that: (i) stem myrmeciine ants originated during the Paleocene ~58 Ma ago; (ii) the current disjunct biogeographic distribution of <em>M. apicalis </em>was driven by long-distance dispersal from Australia to New Caledonia during the Miocene ~14 Ma ago; (iii) the single social parasite species, <em>M. inquilina</em>, exploits three host species and evolved directly from one of the known host species, <em>M. nigriceps</em>, most likely via the intraspecific route of social parasite evolution in sympatry; and (iv) 5 of the 9 previously established taxonomic species groups are non-monophyletic. We suggest minor changes to reconcile the molecular phylogenetic results with the taxonomic classification. Our study enhances our understanding of the evolution and biogeography of Australian bulldog ants in the genus <em>Myrmecia</em>, contributes to our knowledge about the evolution of social parasitism in ants, and provides a solid phylogenetic foundation for future inquiries </p>
Biogeography and evolution of social parasitism in Australian Myrmecia bulldog ants revealed by phylogenomics
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FIGURE 12 in Description of two new Australian species of Abantiades Herrich-Schäffer (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) and females of two further species with notes on their biogeography
FIGURE 12. Habitat images. (a)+(b) Goog's Lake, site of Abantiades cephalocorvus sp. nov. collection. (c)+(d) Capture site of A. tembyi sp. nov., 30 km ENE of Swan Reach. (e) Scrub on North Cape. A site of A. macropusinsulariae collection. (f) Scrub at Vivonne Bay. A site of A. macropusinsulariae collection.
FIGURE 9 in Description of two new Australian species of Abantiades Herrich-Schäffer (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) and females of two further species with notes on their biogeography
FIGURE 9. Abantiades pallida. (West. Aust. Nullarbor, Quarantine Station, Border Village, 31o38'19"S, 129o0'7"E, R. Penning 7 May 18. Spec. No. 18122, leg removed, for tissue, storage. M.D. Moore. Sample designation No. H 122. SAMA No. 31-020414. Dissected E.P. Beaver.) (left) posterior view female genitalia, (right) lateral view female genitalia. Morphological structures: Dp: dorsal plate; Lal: lateral lobe of the antevaginal lamella; Mal: medial lobe of the antevaginal lamella; Sub: sub-anal plate. Arrow: Setose nipple.
FIGURE 10 in Description of two new Australian species of Abantiades Herrich-Schäffer (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) and females of two further species with notes on their biogeography
FIGURE 10. Distribution Map of Australia for Abantiades kristenseni, A. inexpecta, A. macropusinsulariae, and A. cephalocorvus sp. nov.
FIGURE 7 in Description of two new Australian species of Abantiades Herrich-Schäffer (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) and females of two further species with notes on their biogeography
FIGURE 7. Abantiades macropusinsulariae. (SA, Kangaroo Island, North Cape Road, Bay of Shoals, M+M Moore, 35o35'47.7"S 137o35'40.7"E, 2 May 2019. Specimen No 19169. Leg removed for DNA analysis; Sample designation G116. Dissected M.D. Moore 12th Feb. 2020. SAMA No. 31-021005.) (a) posterior view female genitalia, (b) corpus bursae and ductus bursae, (c) cruciform pectination (lateral view), (d) cruciform pectinations (frontal view). Morphological structures: CB: corpus bursae; Db: ductus bursae; Dp: dorsal plate; Lal: lateral lobe of the antevaginal lamella; Mal: medial lobe of the antevaginal lamella; Sub: sub-anal plate. Arrow: triangular projection on dorsal plate.
FIGURE 5 in Description of two new Australian species of Abantiades Herrich-Schäffer (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) and females of two further species with notes on their biogeography
FIGURE 5. Abantiades pallida (a) lateral view genitalia, (b) ventral view genitalia, (c) posterior view genitalia, (d) sternite VIII. Morphological structures: am: anterior margin; Brt: basal rim of the pseudotegumen; Dav: distal-posterior arm of vinculum; Dipm: disto-posterior margin; Dopc: dorso-posterior corner; Dopm: dorso-posterior margin; Dpp: disto-posterior process; pm: posterior margin; Sba: anterior margin of dorsal face of saccus; Sbf: dorsal face of saccus; Sbp: posterior margin of dorsal face of saccus; Scu: sacculus; Sfa: anterior margin of ventral face of saccus; Sff: ventral face of saccus; Sfp: posterior margin of ventral face of saccus; Tpr: dorso-distal twin processes; Va: apodemal vinculum; Vl: valva; Vpa: ventral pseudoteguminal arm; Vpm: ventro-posterior margin.
FIGURE 8 in Description of two new Australian species of Abantiades Herrich-Schäffer (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) and females of two further species with notes on their biogeography
FIGURE 8. Abantiades pallida. (a) Adult male. SAMA. West. Aust.; Wheatbelt, Wave Rock, Hyden, 32o26'31"S, 118o53'49"E, M+M Moore; 12 May 17. Specimen No 17162, Leg removed for DNA analysis; Sample designation H036. SAMA No. 31-020257. (b) Adult female. West. Aust. Wheatbelt, Koorda Caravan Park, Koorda, 30o49'18"S, 117o29'12"E, M+M Moore 14 May 17. Spec. No., 17185, leg removed, for tissue, storage. M.D. Moore. Sample designation No H 043. SAMA No. 31-020314.
FIGURE 3 in Description of two new Australian species of Abantiades Herrich-Schäffer (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) and females of two further species with notes on their biogeography
FIGURE 3. Abantiades cephalocorvus sp. nov. (Holotype, South Australia, Eyre Pen., Goog's Lake, 31o34'44.7"S, 135o58'51.5"E, 28th May 2016. J. Forrest. Dissected M.D. Moore. Leg taken for DNA analysis (Spec. No. 1611, sample designation M 018). SAMA No. 31-019757.) (a) lateral view genitalia, (b) ventral view genitalia, (c) posterior view genitalia, (d) sternite VIII. Morphological structures: am: anterior margin; Brt: basal rim of the pseudotegumen; Dav: distal-posterior arm of vinculum; Dipm: disto-posterior margin; Dopc: dorso-posterior corner; Dopm: dorso-posterior margin; Dpp: disto-posterior process; pm: posterior margin; Sba: anterior margin of dorsal face of saccus; Sbf: dorsal face of saccus; Sbp: posterior margin of dorsal face of saccus; Scu: sacculus; Sfa: anterior margin of ventral face of saccus; Sff: ventral face of saccus; Sfp: posterior margin of ventral face of saccus; Tpr: dorso-distal twin processes; Va: apodemal vinculum; Vl: valva; Vpa: ventral pseudoteguminal arm; Vpm: ventro-posterior margin.
FIGURE 2 in Description of two new Australian species of Abantiades Herrich-Schäffer (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) and females of two further species with notes on their biogeography
FIGURE 2. Males. (a) Holotype Abantiades cephalocorvus sp. nov. SAMA, 1♂, South Australia, Eyre Pen., Goog's Lake, 31o34'44.7"S, 135o58'51.5"E, 28th May 2016. J. Forrest. Dissected M.D. Moore. Leg taken for DNA analysis (Spec. No. 1611, sample designation M 018). SAMA No. 31-019757. (b) Holotype Abantiades tembyi sp. nov. SAMA, 1 ♂, South Australia, Eyre Pen., Ceduna, 32o07'27.5" S, 133o49'27.3" E, 28th March 2014, N. Temby. SAMA No. 31-021033.
FIGURE 1 in Description of two new Australian species of Abantiades Herrich-Schäffer (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) and females of two further species with notes on their biogeography
FIGURE 1. Maximum credibility tree from Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial DNA COI gene of all 42 Abantiades sequences used and the ♀ specimens for A. macropusinsulariae and A. pallida. Posterior probabilities greater than 0.7 are shown at each node. Details for all sequences including GenBank accessions are available in Table S1.
FIGURE 6 in Description of two new Australian species of Abantiades Herrich-Schäffer (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) and females of two further species with notes on their biogeography
FIGURE 6. Abantiades macropusinsulariae. (a) Adult male, SAMA. SA, Kangaroo Island, North Cape Road, Bay of Shoals, M+M Moore, 35o35'47.7"S 137o35'40.7"E, 2 May 2019. Specimen No 19173. Leg removed for DNA analysis; Sample designation G105. SAMA No. 31-021004. (b) Adult female, SAMA. SA, Kangaroo Island, North Cape Road, Bay of Shoals, M+M Moore, 35o35'47.7"S 137o35'40.7"E, 2 May 2019. Specimen No 19169. Leg removed for DNA analysis; Sample designation G116. Dissected M.D. Moore 12th Feb. 2020. SAMA No. 31-021005. Arrow: white spot half way along dorsum.
FIGURE 4 in Description of two new Australian species of Abantiades Herrich-Schäffer (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) and females of two further species with notes on their biogeography
FIGURE 4. Abantiades tembyi sp. nov. (Paratype, South Australia, Eyre Pen., Ceduna, 32o07'27.5" S, 133o49'27.3" E, 28th April 2014, N. Temby. Dissected M.D. Moore. Leg taken for DNA analysis Spec. No. S 043, DNA sample designation M032 (a) lateral view genitalia, (b) ventral view genitalia, (c) posterior view genitalia, (d) sternite VIII. Morphological structures: am: anterior margin; Brt: basal rim of the pseudotegumen; Dav: distal-posterior arm of vinculum; Dipm: disto-posterior margin; Dopc: dorso-posterior corner; Dopm: dorso-posterior margin; Dpp: disto-posterior process; pm: posterior margin; Sba: anterior margin of dorsal face of saccus; Sbf: dorsal face of saccus; Sbp: posterior margin of dorsal face of saccus; Scu: sacculus; Sfa: anterior margin of ventral face of saccus; Sff: ventral face of saccus; Sfp: posterior margin of ventral face of saccus; Tpr: dorso-distal twin processes; Va: apodemal vinculum; Vl: valva; Vpa: ventral pseudoteguminal arm; Vpm: ventro-posterior margin.
Figure 1 in Molecular data extend Australian Cricotopus midge (Chironomidae) species diversity, and provide a phylogenetic hypothesis for biogeography and freshwater monitoring
Figure 1. Schematic phylogeny based on a majority rule consensus maximum-likelihood (ML) topology for the reduced data set. Relevant nodal support values are shown, which correspond to Bayesian posterior probabilities and ML bootstrap support, respectively; –, nodes unresolved by ML; *, posterior probabilities of 1.00 or bootstrap support of 100. Thick branches denote Australian clades; thin branches are non-Australian taxa. Geographical distributions and tolerances to ecosystem impact for Australian Cricotopus species are shown according to the inset legend, with the forms of divergent species coded based on assumptions made from the current sampled localities.
Data from: How the aridification of Australia structured the biogeography and influenced the diversification of a large lineage of Australian cicadas
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FIGURE 11 in Description of two new Australian species of Abantiades Herrich-Schäffer (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) and females of two further species with notes on their biogeography
FIGURE 11. Distribution Map of Australia for Abantiades pallida and A. tembyi sp. nov.
Figure 2. BEAST chronogram from a in Molecular data extend Australian Cricotopus midge (Chironomidae) species diversity, and provide a phylogenetic hypothesis for biogeography and freshwater monitoring
Figure 2. BEAST chronogram from a data set of single representatives per species/clade that corresponds with Table 1. Lettered nodes are those for which time to most recent common ancestor (tmrca) was estimated and correspond with Table 1; black stars indicate nodes to which prior calibrations were applied. The time scale is in millions of years before present.
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OpenNeuro
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