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36 results for “Australian birds”
Figs 39–41. 39 in Seven new species of cestode parasites (Neodermata, Platyhelminthes) from Australian birds
Figs 39–41. 39. Dilepididae genus sp. Hooks. 40. Passerilepis sp. Hooks. 41. Cracticotaenia fieldingi (Maplestone & Southwell, 1923) Hooks. Scale bars: 39–41 = 20 µm.
Figs 23–28 in Seven new species of cestode parasites (Neodermata, Platyhelminthes) from Australian birds
Figs 23–28. Dictymetra longiuncinata sp. nov. 23. Scolex. 24. Hooks. 25. Mature proglottis. 26. Terminal genitalia. 27. Cirrus armament. 28. Eggs. Scale bars: 23 = 100 µm; 24, 26 = 50 µm; 25 = 200 µm; 27 = 10 µm; 28 = 20 µm.
Figs 7–11 in Seven new species of cestode parasites (Neodermata, Platyhelminthes) from Australian birds
Figs 7–11. Spiniglans beveridgei sp. nov. 7. Scolex. 8. Hooks. 9. Mature proglottis. 10. Terminal genitalia. 11. Pregravid proglottis with young reticular uterus. Scale bars: 7 = 100 µm; 8 = 20 µm; 9 = 200 µm; 10 = 50 µm; 11 = 500 µm.
Figs 1–6 in Seven new species of cestode parasites (Neodermata, Platyhelminthes) from Australian birds
Figs 1–6. Sobolevitaenia whittingtoni sp. nov. 1. Scolex. 2. Sucker armament. 3. Hooks. 4. Mature proglottis. 5. Terminal genitalia. 6. Egg. Scale bars: 1 = 100 µm; 2, 5 = 50 µm; 3, 6 = 20 µm; 4 = 250 µm.
Figs 34–38 in Seven new species of cestode parasites (Neodermata, Platyhelminthes) from Australian birds
Figs 34–38. Cracticotaenia adelaidae sp. nov. 34. Scolex. 35. Detail of hooks crowns. 36. Hooks: anterior (A) and posterior (B). 37. Mature proglottis. 38. Eggs. Scale bars: 34 = 100 µm; 35 = 10 µm; 19 = 500 µm; 36, 38 = 20 µm; 37 = 250 µm.
Figs 29–33 in Seven new species of cestode parasites (Neodermata, Platyhelminthes) from Australian birds
Figs 29–33. Notopentorchis musealis sp. nov. 29. Scolex. 30. Hooks: A, C. Anterior hooks, B. Posterior hook. 31. Mature proglottis. 32. Postmature proglottis. 33. Pregravid proglottis. Scale bars: 29, 31–33 = 100 µm; 30 = 20 µm.
Figs 12–16 in Seven new species of cestode parasites (Neodermata, Platyhelminthes) from Australian birds
Figs 12–16. Monopylidium australiense sp. nov. 12. Scolex. 13. Hooks. 14. Mature proglottis. 15. Terminal genitalia. 16. Eggs. Scale bars: 12, 14 = 100 µm; 13, 16 = 20 µm; 15 = 50 µm.
Figs 17–22 in Seven new species of cestode parasites (Neodermata, Platyhelminthes) from Australian birds
Figs 17–22. Dictymetra gerganae sp. nov. 17. Scolex. 18. Hooks. 19. Mature proglottis. 20. Terminal genitalia. 21. Terminal genitalia tuft. 22. Egg. Scale bars: 17 = 100 µm; 18, 20, 21 = 50 µm; 19 = 500 µm; 22 = 20 µm.
Changes in the acoustic structure of Australian bird communities along a habitat complexity gradient
<p>Avian vocalizations have evolved in response to a variety of abiotic and biotic selective pressures. While there is some support for signal convergence in similar habitats that is attributed to adaptation to the acoustic properties of the environment (the ‘acoustic adaptation hypothesis’, AAH), there is also evidence for character displacement as result of competition for signal space among coexisting species (the ‘acoustic niche partitioning hypothesis’). We explored the acoustic space of avian assemblages distributed along six different habitat types (from herbaceous habitats to warm rainforests) in south eastern Queensland, Australia. We employed three acoustic diversity indices (acoustic richness, evenness, and divergence) to characterize the signal space. In addition, we quantified the phylogenetic and morphological structure (in terms of both body mass and beak size) of each community. Acoustic parameters showed a moderately low phylogenetic signal, indicating labile evolution. Although, we did not find meaningful differences in acoustic diversity indices among habitat categories, there was a significant relationship between the regularity component (evenness) and vegetation height indicating that acoustic signals are more evenly distributed in dense habitats. After accounting for differences in species richness, the volume of acoustic space (i.e., acoustic richness) decreased as the level of phylogenetic and morphological resemblance among species in a given community increased. Additionally, we found a significantly negative relationship between acoustic divergence and divergence in body mass indicating that the less different species are in their body mass, the more different their songs are likely to be. This implies the existence of acoustic niche partitioning at community level. Overall, while we found mixed support for the AAH, our results suggest that community-level effects may play a role in structuring acoustic signals within avian communities in this region. This study shows that signal diversity estimated by diversity metrics of community ecology based on basic acoustic parameters can provide additional insight into the structure of animal vocalizations. <br> </p>
The effects of temperature extremes on survival in two semi-arid Australian bird communities over three decades, with predictions to 2104
<p>Aim: Organisms in arid and semi-arid regions are frequently exposed to climatic extremes and accordingly among the most vulnerable to climate change. Studies of seasonal differences in vital rates, which mediate effects of climate on viability, are rare in arid species limiting ability to project population trends. We quantified survival patterns for two bird communities as a function of expo-sure to temperature extremes in winter and summer, then project survival patterns to 2104.</p> <p>Location: semi-arid eastern Australia</p> <p>Time period: 1986-2016; 1986-2104</p> <p>Major taxa studied: Birds</p> <p>Methods: Using mark recapture time-dependent Cormack-Jolly-Seber models and data for 37 species from two 30-year ringing programs, we tested for effects on 6-monthly survival of expo-sure to temperatures >38oC and <0oC. We then predicted future survival for different emission scenarios, testing whether changes in survival associated with warming winters would be suffi-cient to offset the effects of rising summer temperatures. Results: Survival probability declined strongly with increasing exposure to days >38oC and to a lesser extent to days <0oC, with temperature extremes explaining 43% and 13% of temporal varia-tion in survival among years, respectively. Summer survival patterns were similar across avian guilds but only survival of nectarivores declined in winter. Our models predict that gains in winter survival will not offset reductions in summer survival.</p> <p>Annual survival is predicted to decline sub-stantially by the end of the century: from 0.63 in 1986 to 0.43 in 2104 under an optimistic emis-sion scenario and to 0.11 under a pessimistic scenario. Main conclusions: We highlight the significance of temperature extremes for species' persistence in arid and semi-arid regions, comprising 70% of Australia's land mass, and 40% globally. Our demography-based results are consistent with physiological-based projections evaluating avian survival in arid and semi-arid regions globally and suggest rising summer temperatures pose a risk to population persistence in these regions. </p>
Measuring avian bill size: Comparing and evaluating 3D surface scanning with traditional size estimates in Australian birds
<p>Unidimensional measurements for estimating bill size, like length and width, are commonly used in ecology and evolution, but can be criticised due to issues with repeatability and accuracy. Furthermore, formula-based estimates of bill surface area tend to assume uniform bill shapes across species, which is rarely the case. 3D surface scanning can potentially help overcome some such issues by collecting detailed external morphology and direct measurements of surface area, rather than composite estimates of size. Here, we evaluate the use of 3D surface scanners on avian museum specimens to test the repeatability of 3D-based measurements and compare these to traditional formula-based methods of estimating bill size from unidimensional measurements. Using 28 Australian bird species, we investigate inter-observer repeatability of surface area measurements from 3D surface scans. We then compare 3D-based size estimates to formula-based size estimates to infer the accuracy and precision of formula-based measurements of bill surface area. We find that morphometric measurements from 3D surface scans are highly repeatable between observers, without the need for extensive training, demonstrating an advantage over unidimensional measuring methods, like callipers. When comparing 3D-based measurements to formula-based estimates of bill surface area, most formulae for estimating size consistently underestimate surface area, and with considerable variation between species. Where 3D scanning is not possible, we find that a commonly used cone formula for estimating bill size is most precise across diverse bill shapes, therefore supporting its use in interspecific contexts. However, we find that incorporating an additional unidimensional measure of bill curvature into formulae improves the accuracy of the calculated area. Our results reveal the high potential for 3D surface scanners in avian morphometric research, especially for studies necessitating large sample sizes collected by multiple observers, and gives suggestions for formula-based approaches to estimate bill size.</p>
Changes in the acoustic structure of Australian bird communities along a habitat complexity gradient
<p><span>Avian vocalizations have evolved in response to a variety of abiotic and biotic selective pressures. While there is some support for signal convergence in similar habitats that is attributed to adaptation to the acoustic properties of the environment (the 'acoustic adaptation hypothesis', AAH), there is also evidence for character displacement as a result of competition for signal space among coexisting species (the 'acoustic niche partitioning hypothesis'). We explored the acoustic space of avian assemblages distributed along six different habitat types (from herbaceous habitats to warm rainforests) in southeastern Queensland, Australia. We employed three acoustic diversity indices (acoustic richness, evenness, and divergence) to characterize the signal space. In addition, we quantified the phylogenetic and morphological structure (in terms of both body mass and beak size) of each community. Acoustic parameters showed a moderately low phylogenetic signal, indicating labile evolution. Although, we did not find meaningful differences in acoustic diversity indices among habitat categories, </span><span>there was a significant relationship between the regularity component (evenness) and vegetation height indicating that acoustic signals are more evenly distributed in dense habitats. After accounting for differences in species richness, the volume of acoustic space (i.e., acoustic richness) decreased as the level of phylogenetic and morphological resemblance among species in a given community increased. </span><span>Additionally, we found a significantly negative relationship between acoustic divergence and divergence in body mass indicating that the less different species are in their body mass, the more different their songs are likely to be. This implies the existence of acoustic niche partitioning at the community level. Overall, while we found mixed support for the AAH,</span> <span>our results suggest that community-level effects may play a role in structuring acoustic signals within avian communities in this region. This study shows that signal diversity estimated by diversity metrics of community ecology based on basic acoustic parameters can provide additional insight into the structure of animal vocalizations. </span></p>
Data from: Genome of an iconic Australian bird: High-quality assembly and linkage map of the superb fairy-wren (Malurus cyaneus)
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Changes in the acoustic structure of Australian bird communities along a habitat complexity gradient
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
The effects of temperature extremes on survival in two semi-arid Australian bird communities over three decades, with predictions to 2104
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Measuring avian bill size: Comparing and evaluating 3D surface scanning with traditional size estimates in Australian birds
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Multi-locus sequence data illuminate demographic drivers of Pleistocene speciation in semi-arid southern Australian birds (Cinclosoma spp.)
Background: During the Pleistocene, shifts of species distributions and their isolation in disjunct refugia led to varied outcomes in how taxa diversified. Some species diverged, others did not. Here, we begin to address another facet of the role of the Pleistocene in generating today's diversity. We ask which processes contributed to divergence in semi-arid southern Australian birds. We isolated 11 autosomal nuclear loci and one mitochondrial locus from a total of 29 specimens of the sister species pair, Chestnut Quail-thrush Cinclosoma castanotum and Copperback Quail-thrush C. clarum. Results: A population clustering analysis confirmed the location of the current species boundary as a well-known biogeographical barrier in southern Australia, the Eyrean Barrier. Coalescent-based analyses placed the time of species divergence to the Middle Pleistocene. Gene flow between the species since divergence has been low. The analyses suggest the effective population size of the ancestor was 54 to 178 times smaller than populations since divergence. This contrasts with recent multi-locus studies in some other Australian birds (butcherbirds, ducks) where a lack of phenotypic divergence was accompanied by larger historical population sizes. Post-divergence population size histories of C. clarum and C. castanotum were inferred using the extended Bayesian skyline model. The population size of C. clarum increased substantially during the late Pleistocene and continued to increase through the Last Glacial Maximum and Holocene. The timing of this expansion across its vast range is broadly concordant with that documented in several other Australian birds. In contrast, effective population size of C. castanotum was much more constrained and may reflect its smaller range and more restricted habitat east of the Eyrean Barrier compared with that available to C. clarum to the west. Conclusions: Our results contribute to awareness of increased population sizes, following significant contractions, as having been important in shaping diversity in Australian arid and semi-arid zones. Further, we improve knowledge of the role of Pleistocene climatic shifts in areas of the planet that were not glaciated at that time but which still experienced that period's cyclical climatic fluctuations.
FIGURES 10–15 in Two new quill mite species (Prostigmata: Syringophilidae) parasitizing Australian birds
FIGURES 10–15. Megasyringophilus cacatua sp. nov., male: 10—dorsal view, 11—ventral view, 12—hypostomal apex, 13— peritremes, 14—claw of leg III, 15—fan-like setae p' of legs III–IV. Scale bars: 10, 11 = 250 µm; 12–15 = 100 µm.
FIGURES 6–9 in Two new quill mite species (Prostigmata: Syringophilidae) parasitizing Australian birds
FIGURES 6–9. Megasyringophilus cacatua sp. nov., female: 6—dorsal view, 7—ventral view, 8—peritremes, 9—fan-like setae p' of legs III–IV. Scale bars: 6, 7 = 200 µm; 8, 9 = 100 µm.
FIGURES 1–5 in Two new quill mite species (Prostigmata: Syringophilidae) parasitizing Australian birds
FIGURES 1–5. Syringophilopsis philemonis sp. nov., female: 1—dorsal view, 2—ventral view, 3—hypostomal apex, 4— peritremes, 5—fan-like setae p' of legs III–IV. Scale bars: 1, 2 = 200 µm; 3–5 = 100 µm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.