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48 results for “Autotrophic”
Gut Fluorescence measurements of mesozooplankton grazing on autotrophic prey. Samples collected in the CCE-LTER region on Process Cruises from 2006 to the present. Summaries for each Lagrangian Cycle.
Mesozooplankton are collected with plankton nets (typically a 71-cm diameter, 202-um mesh Bongo net) and samples flash frozen at sea in liquid N2 for subsequent shore-based measurements of ingested phytoplankton chlorophyll-a. Measurements of mesozooplankton gut fluorescence are done by fluorometric analysis on a Turner Designs fluorometer of gut pigments extracted in 90% acetone. Analyses are done on mesozooplankton size-fractionated into 5 different categories on Nitex mesh (> 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, 2.0 mm, 5.0 mm). The pigment content (as Chl-a and phaeopigments) is then expressed as mass of pigment ingested per m3 of water filtered, or divided by the dry weight biomass of the mesozooplankton in the same sample in order to obtain mass-specific ingestion per m3 of water. Application of published values of the temperature-dependent gut passage time are used to estimate the mesozooplankton grazing rate, as pigments ingested per m3 per unit time, or the corresponding mass-specific rate of ingestion. Samples for gut fluorescence assays have been collected on CCE-LTER Process Cruises since 2006 and these collections are ongoing.
How nitrogen and phosphorus supply to nutrient-limited autotroph communities affects herbivore growth: testing stoichiometric and co-limitation theory across trophic levels
<p><span>Primary producer communities are often growth-limited by essential nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The magnitude of </span><span>limitation and whether N, P, or both elements are limiting autotroph </span><span>growth depends on the supply and ratios of these essential nutrients. </span><span>Previous studies identified single, serial or co-limitation as predominant </span><span>limitation outcomes in autotroph communities by factorial nutrient </span><span>additions. Little is known about potential consequences of such scenarios </span><span>for herbivores and whether their growth is primarily affected by changes </span><span>in autotroph quantity or nutritional quality. We grew a community of </span><span>phytoplankton species differing in various food quality aspects in </span><span>experimental microcosms at varying N and P concentrations resulting in </span><span>three different N:P ratios. At carrying capacity, N, P, both nutrients or </span><span>none were added to reveal which nutrients were limiting. The nutrient supplied </span><span>communities were fed to the generalist herbivorous rotifer </span><span>Brachionus calyciflorus to investigate how changing phytoplankton </span><span>biomass and community composition affect herbivore abundance. We </span><span>found phytoplankton being growth-limited either by N alone (single </span><span>limitation) or serially, i.e. primarily by N and secondarily by P, altering </span><span>available food quantity for rotifers. Rotifer growth showed a different </span><span>response pattern compared to phytoplankton, suggesting that apart from </span><span>food quantity food quality aspects played a substantial role in the </span><span>transfer from primary to secondary production. The combined addition of </span><span>N and P to phytoplankton had generally a positive effect on herbivore </span><span>growth, whereas adding non-limiting nutrients had a rather detrimental </span><span>effect probably due to stoichiometrically imbalanced food in terms of </span><span>nutrient excess. Our experiment shows that adding various nutrients to </span><span>primary producer communities will not always lead to increased </span><span>autotroph and herbivore growth, and that differences between autotroph </span><span>and herbivore responses under co-limiting conditions can be partly well </span><span>explained by concepts of ecological stoichiometry theory.</span></p>
Dataset and codes for: Partitioning the apparent temperature sensitivity between autotrophic and heterotrophic protists
<p>Conventional <span>analyses suggest the metabolism of heterotrophs is thermally more sensitive than that of autotrophs, implying that warming leads to pronounced trophodynamic imbalances. However, these analyses inappropriately combine within- and across-taxa trends. We present a novel mathematic framework to separate these, revealing that the higher temperature sensitivity of heterotrophs is mainly caused by within-taxa responses which account for 92% of the difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic protists. This dataset contains both the datasets and R codes of per capita growth rates of autotrophic and heterotrophic protists as well as heterotrophic bacteria and insects.</span></p>
Glacial meltwater determines the balance between autotrophic and heterotrophic processes in a Greenland fjord
<p>Raw data for the summer CTD transect, the annual CTD mooring, data from the seasonal sediment trap, data from the oxygen and 14C incubations and nutrients data presented in the paper</p>
Data and Code for Blaszczak et al. 2023, Models of underlying autotrophic biomass dynamics fit to daily river ecosystem productivity estimates improve understanding of ecosystem disturbance and resilience
<p>Data and code for analyses in Blaszczak et al. 2023, Models of underlying autotrophic biomass dynamics fit to daily river ecosystem productivity estimates improve understanding of ecosystem disturbance and resilience.</p> <p>See publication and ReadMe file for analysis description and further details. </p> <p>bioRxiv pre-print: Blaszczak, J.R., Yackulic, C., Shriver, R., & R.O. Hall, Jr. 2023. Models of underlying autotrophic biomass dynamics fit to daily river ecosystem productivity estimates improve understanding of ecosystem disturbance and resilience. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.04.11.535773</p>
Dataset and codes for: Partitioning the apparent temperature sensitivity between autotrophic and heterotrophic protists
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How nitrogen and phosphorus supply to nutrient-limited autotroph communities affects herbivore growth: testing stoichiometric and co-limitation theory across trophic levels
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South Bay, VA, seagrass sediment and autotroph source stable isotope compositions, 2014
Abstract text from Oreska et al. (2017): Non-seagrass sources account for 50% of the sediment organic carbon (SOC) in many seagrass beds, a fraction that may derive from external organic matter (OM) advected into the meadow and trapped by the seagrass canopy or produced in situ. If allochthonous carbon fluxes are responsible for the non-seagrass SOC in a given seagrass bed, this fraction should decrease with distance from the meadow perimeter. Identifying the spatial origin of SOC is important for closing seagrass carbon budgets and "blue carbon" offset-credit accounting, but studies have yet to quantify and map seagrass SOC stocks by carbon source. We measured sediment d13C, d15N, and d34S throughout a large (6 km2), restored Zostera marina (eelgrass) meadow and applied Bayesian mixing models to quantify total SOC contributions from possible autotroph sources, Z. marina, Spartina alterniflora, and benthic microalgae (BMA). Z. marina accounted for <40% of total meadow SOC, but we did not find evidence for outwelling from the fringing S. alterniflora salt-marsh or OM advection from bare subtidal areas. S. alterniflora SOC contributions averaged 10% at sites both inside and outside of the meadow. The BMA fraction accounted for 51% of total meadow SOC and was highest at sites furthest from the bare subtidal-meadow edge, indicative of in situ production.
Data from: Contrasting patterns of local adaptation along climatic gradients between a sympatric parasitic and autotrophic tree species
<p>Sympatric tree species are subject to similar climatic drivers, posing a question as to whether they display comparable adaptive responses. However, no study has explicitly examined local adaptation of co-occurring parasitic and autotrophic plant species to the abiotic environment. Here we test the hypotheses that a generalist parasitic tree would display a weaker signal of selection and genomic variation would associate with fewer climatic variables (particularly precipitation) but have similar spatial patterns to a sympatric autotrophic tree species. To test these hypotheses, we collected samples from 17 sites across the range of two tree species, the hemi-parasite <i>Nuytsia floribunda</i> (<i>n</i>=264) and sympatric autotroph<i> Melaleuca rhaphiophylla </i>(<i>n</i>=272). We obtained 5,531 high-quality genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for <i>M. rhaphiophylla</i> and 6,727 SNPs for <i>N. floribunda</i> using DArTseq™ genome scan technology. Population differentiation and environmental association approaches were used to identify signals of selection. Generalized dissimilarly modelling was used to detect climatic and spatial patterns of local adaptation across climatic gradients. Overall, 322 SNPs were identified as putatively adaptive for the autotroph, while only 57 SNPs were identified for the parasitic species. We found genomic variation to associate with different sets of bioclimatic variables for each species, with precipitation relatively less important for the parasite. Spatial patterns of predicted adaptive variability were different and indicate that co-occurring species with disparate life history traits may not respond equally to selective pressures (i.e. temperature and precipitation). Together, these findings provide insight into local adaptation of sympatric parasitic and autotrophic tree species to abiotic environments.</p>
Supplement to "Sulfur-oxidizing symbionts without canonical genes for autotrophic CO2 fixation"
<p>Supplementary material to accompany the article "Sulfur-oxidizing symbionts withoutcanonical genes for autotrophic CO<sub>2</sub> fixation"</p> <p> </p>
Supplementary Table 11 for "Sulfur-oxidizing symbionts without canonical genes for autotrophic CO2 fixation"
<p>Direct protein stable isotope fingerprinting (SIF) values for Kentron sp. H. δ<sup>13</sup>C values were offset-corrected using a human hair standard for each instrument run. Full raw and processed data are available from the PRIDE repository (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pride/archive/) with the dataset identifier PXD011616.</p>
Supplementary Table 10 for "Sulfur-oxidizing symbionts without canonical genes for autotrophic CO2 fixation"
<p>Number of genomes with each predicted metabolism in the IMG/ER database, based on the presence/absence of key genes. Except where noted, the number of genomes was not filtered for genome completeness.</p>
Supplementary Table 8 for "Sulfur-oxidizing symbionts without canonical genes for autotrophic CO2 fixation"
<p>Hypothetical reaction scheme that can allow autotrophic CO<sub>2 </sub>fixation with enzymes that are predicted in Kentron genomes. Free energy values (Δ<sub>r</sub>G'<sup>m</sup>) were calculated for pH 7.0 and concentrations 1 mM using eQuilibrator (http://equilibrator.weizmann.ac.il)</p>
Supplementary Table 5 for "Sulfur-oxidizing symbionts without canonical genes for autotrophic CO2 fixation"
<p>List of Transporter Classification families of energy-dependent organic substrate uptake transporters.</p>
Supplementary Table 6 for "Sulfur-oxidizing symbionts without canonical genes for autotrophic CO2 fixation"
<p>Genomes of basal Gammaproteobacteria used for phylogenetic analysis and comparison of organic uptake transporter content. References are to genome description, if published, otherwise to author and date of data deposition. Taxonomy based on LPSN (http://www.bacterio.net), if available. Accession numbers are for INSDC contig sets or assemblies unless otherwise indicated.</p>
Supplementary Table 3 for "Sulfur-oxidizing symbionts without canonical genes for autotrophic CO2 fixation"
<p>Key enzymes for autotrophic pathways, and enzymes of reference set used for comparison of read mapping vs SwissProt database.</p>
Supplementary Table 2 for "Sulfur-oxidizing symbionts without canonical genes for autotrophic CO2 fixation"
<p>Summary statistics of Kentrongenome assemblies. Completeness, contamination, and strain heterogeneity values were estimated with conserved set of marker genes for Gammaproteobacteria using the CheckM pipeline.</p>
Supplementary Table 1 for "Sulfur-oxidizing symbionts without canonical genes for autotrophic CO2 fixation"
<p>Collection localities and dates for <em>Kentrophoros </em>metagenomics and transcriptomics samples.</p>
Marine primary producers in a darker future – a meta-analysis of light effects on pelagic and benthic autotrophs
<p><span>The availability of underwater light, as the primary energy source for all aquatic photoautotrophs, is (and will further be) altered by changing precipitation, water turbidity, mixing depth, and terrestrial input of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). While experimental manipulations of CDOM input and turbidity are frequent, they often involve multiple interdependent changes (light, nutrients, C-supply). To create a baseline for the expected effects of light reduction alone, we performed a weighted meta-analysis on 240 published experiments (from 108 studies yielding 2,500 effect sizes) that directly reduced light availability and measured marine autotroph responses. Across all organisms, habitats, and response variables, reduced light led to an average 23% reduction in biomass-related performance, whereas the effect sizes on physiological performance did not significantly differ from zero. Especially pigment content increased with reduced light, which indicated strong physiological plasticity in response to diminished light. This acclimation potential was also indicated by light reduction effects minimized if experiments lasted longer. Nevertheless, performance (especially biomass accrual) was reduced the more the less light intensity remained available. Light reduction effects were also more negative at higher temperatures if ambient light conditions were poor. Macrophytes or benthic systems were more negatively affected by light reduction than microalgae or plankton systems, especially in physiological responses where microalgae and plankton showed slightly positive responses. Otherwise, effect magnitudes remained surprisingly consistent across habitats and aspects of experimental design. Therefore, the strong observed log-linear relationship between remaining light and autotrophic performance can be used as a baseline to predict marine primary production in future light climate.</span></p>
Data from: Contrasting patterns of local adaptation along climatic gradients between a sympatric parasitic and autotrophic tree species
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