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14 results for “Avian malaria parasites”
Data from: Individual genetic diversity and probability of infection by avian malaria parasites in blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus)
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FIGURE 3 in Comparison of mitochondrial cytochrome b lineages and morphospecies of two avian malaria parasites of the subgenera Haemamoeba and Giovannolaia (Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae)
FIGURE 3. Plasmodium circumflexum (lineage P-TURDUS1) from the blood of House Sparrow Passer domesticus. a– c —trophozoites; d–j —erythrocytic meronts; k–n —macrogametocytes; o, p —microgametocytes. Scale bar = 10 µm.
FIGURE 2 in Comparison of mitochondrial cytochrome b lineages and morphospecies of two avian malaria parasites of the subgenera Haemamoeba and Giovannolaia (Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae)
FIGURE 2. Plasmodium relictum (lineage P-SGS1) from the blood of Common Crossbill Loxia curvirostra. a, b—trophozoites; c–h — erythrocytic meronts; i–m — macrogametocytes; n–p — microgametocytes. Scale bar = 10 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Comparison of mitochondrial cytochrome b lineages and morphospecies of two avian malaria parasites of the subgenera Haemamoeba and Giovannolaia (Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae)
FIGURE 1. Neighbour-joining (NJ) tree of 32 lineages of Plasmodium spp. and five lineages of Haemoproteus spp. as the outgroup. The NJ tree was constructed using the Kimura 2-parameter distance matrix with bootstrap resampling (1,000 times). Bootstrap values are represented by circles (>90%), squares (70–89%), and triangles (50–69%). Closely related (within a genetic distance 2.5%) to Plasmodium relictum, Plasmodium circumflexum, and Plasmodium ashfordi lineages of malaria parasites are marked by bars a, b and c, respectively. GenBank accession numbers of sequences are given after lineage names in parentheses.
FIGURE 3 in Molecular and morphological characterization of two avian malaria parasites (Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae), with description of Plasmodium homonucleophilum n. sp.
FIGURE 3. Bayesian phylogeny of 20 mitochondrial cytochrome b lineages of Plasmodium spp. and 8 lineages of Haemoproteus spp. One lineage of Leucocytozoon is used as outgroup. Posterior probabilities ≥ 0.7 are indicated near the nodes. Codes of lineages (if available) are indicated, followed in parentheses by GenBank accessions, and parasite species names. Names of parasite described in this study are given in bold. Branch lengths are drawn proportionally to the amount of changes (scale bars are shown). Vertical bars A and B indicate malaria parasites belonging to the subgenera Novyella and Haemamoeba, respectively.
FIGURE 1 in Molecular and morphological characterization of two avian malaria parasites (Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae), with description of Plasmodium homonucleophilum n. sp.
FIGURE 1. Plasmodium (Novyella) homonucleophilum (lineage pSW2) from the blood of Locustella naevia: a—trophozoite; b–g—erythrocytic meronts; h–m- macrogametocytes; n–p—microgametocytes. Long arrows—parasite nucleus. Short arrows—merozoits. Arrow heads—pigment granules. Giemsa-stained thin blood films. Scale bar = 10µm.
FIGURE 2 in Molecular and morphological characterization of two avian malaria parasites (Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae), with description of Plasmodium homonucleophilum n. sp.
FIGURE 2. Plasmodium relictum (lineage pLZFUS01) from the blood of Lanius collurio: a—trophozoite; b–j—erythrocytic meronts; k–o—macrogametocytes; p–t—microgametocytes. Long arrows—parasite nucleus. Short arrows—merozoits. Arrow heads—pigment granules. Giemsa-stained thin blood films. Scale bar = 10µm.
Data from: Apparent vector-mediated parent-to-offspring transmission in an avian malaria-like parasite
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Data from: Evolutionary relationships, cospeciation, and host switching in avian malaria parasites
We used phylogenetic analyses of cytochrome b sequences of malaria parasites and their avian hosts to assess the coevolutionary relationships between host and parasite lineages. Many lineages of avian malaria parasites have broad host distributions, which tend to obscure cospeciation events. The hosts of a single parasite or of closely related parasites were nonetheless most frequently recovered from members of the same host taxonomic family, more so than expected by chance. However, global assessments of the relationship between parasite and host phylogenetic trees, using Component and ParaFit, failed to detect significant cospeciation. The event-based approach employed by TreeFitter revealed significant cospeciation and duplication with certain cost assignments for these events, but host switching was consistently more prominent in matching the parasite tree to the host tree. The absence of a global cospeciation signal despite conservative host distribution most likely reflects relatively frequent acquisition of new hosts by individual parasite lineages. Understanding these processes will require a more refined species concept for malaria parasites and more extensive sampling of parasite distributions across hosts. If parasites can disperse between allopatric host populations through alternative hosts, cospeciation may not have a strong influence on the architecture of host–parasite relationships. Rather, parasite speciation may happen more often in conjunction with the acquisition of new hosts followed by divergent selection between host lineages in sympatry. Detailed studies of the phylogeographic distributions of hosts and parasites are needed to characterize these events.
Data from: Diversification by host switching and dispersal shaped the diversity and distribution of avian malaria parasites in Amazonia
Understanding how pathogens and parasites diversify through time and space is fundamental to predicting emerging infectious diseases. Here, we use biogeographic, coevolutionary and phylogenetic analyses to describe the origin, diversity, and distribution of avian malaria parasites in the most diverse avifauna on Earth. We first performed phylogenetic analyses using the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene to determine relationships among parasite lineages. Then, we estimated divergence times and reconstructed ancestral areas to uncover how landscape evolution has shaped the diversification of Parahaemoproteus and Plasmodium in Amazonia. Finally, we assessed the coevolutionary patterns of diversification in this host–parasite system to determine how coevolution may have influenced the contemporary diversity of avian malaria parasites and their distribution among Amazonian birds. Biogeographic analysis of 324 haemosporidian parasite lineages recovered from 4178 individual birds provided strong evidence that these pathogens readily disperse across major Amazonian rivers and this has occurred with increasing frequency over the last five million years. We also recovered many duplication events within areas of endemism in Amazonia. Cophylogenetic analyses of these blood parasites and their avian hosts support a diversification history dominated by host switching. The ability of avian malaria parasites to disperse geographically and shift among avian hosts has played a major role in their radiation and has shaped the current distribution and diversity of these parasites across Amazonia.
Data from: Evolutionary relationships, cospeciation, and host switching in avian malaria parasites
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Data from: "Blood transcriptome sequencing of Common Crossbills (Loxia curvirostra) experimentally infected by the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium relictum (lineage SGS1)" in Genomic Resources Notes accepted 1 June 2013-31 July 2013
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Data from: Diversification by host switching and dispersal shaped the diversity and distribution of avian malaria parasites in Amazonia
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Data from: Resource predictability and specialization in avian malaria parasites
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