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69 results for “Bacillus thuringiensis”
Selecting for infectivity across metapopulations can increase virulence in the social microbe Bacillus thuringiensis:data set.
<p>Passage experiments that sequentially infect hosts with parasites have long been used to manipulate virulence. However, for many invertebrate pathogens passage has been applied naively without a full theoretical understanding of how best to select for increased virulence and this has led to very mixed results. Understanding the evolution of virulence is complex because selection on parasites occurs across multiple spatial scales with potentially different conflicts operating on parasites with different life-histories. For example, in social microbes, strong selection on replication rate within hosts can lead to cheating and loss of virulence, because investment in public goods virulence reduces replication rate. </p> <p>In this study<em> </em>we tested how varying mutation supply and selection for infectivity or pathogen yield (population size in hosts) affected evolution of virulence against resistant hosts in the specialist insect pathogen <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em>, aiming to optimize methods for strain improvement against a difficult to kill insect target. We show that selection for infectivity using competition between sub-populations in a metapopulation prevents social cheating, acts to retain key virulence plasmids and facilitates increased virulence. Increased virulence was associated with reduced efficiency of sporulation, and possible loss of function in putative regulatory genes but not with altered expression of the primary virulence factors. Selection in a metapopulation provides a broadly applicable tool for improving the efficacy of biocontrol agents. Moreover, a structured host population can facilitate artificial selection on infectivity, while selection on life history traits such as faster replication or larger population sizes can reduce virulence in social microbes.</p>
Bacillus_A thuringiensis MYb78
This is one of the Wormbiome database archive files.<br>This entry includes all the genome annotation files related to Bacillus_A thuringiensis MYb78, a\(n\) Bacilli.<br>The Wormbiome collection is an online database dedicated to centralizing all the information related to bacteria associated with C. elegans. More information on <a href="https://bitbucket.org/the-samuel-lab/wbm_scripts/src/master/DOCS/Annotations_output.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">the documentation page</a>.<br><br>
Fig. 4 in Isolation and characterization of native Bacillus thuringiensis strains from Saudi Arabia with enhanced larvicidal toxicity against the mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae (s.l.)
Fig. 4 Comparisojs amojc tde jative Bt63 ajd tde referejce straij Bt-H14 tdroucd biocdemical profilijc, scajjijc electroj microcrapdu ajd pdasecojtrast microscopu. Ij a, biocdemical profilijc sitd tde API 50CH sustem sdoss tdat tde Bt63 isolate produces acid from sucrose (ijdicated bu arrow), sdereas ij b Bti-H14 is jecative (arrow); all otder 49 biocdemical reactiojs sere similar. Ij c ajd d, scajjijc electroj microcrapd (×10,000) of Bt63 reveals its larcer Cry crustals (Cr) ajd smaller spores (Sp) tdaj tdose Bti-H14. Ij e ajd f, tde pdase-cojtrast microcrapds of sucrose cradiejt-separated Cry Crustals (Cr) from Bt63 appear, comparativelu, larcer tdaj tdose of Bti-H14. Scale-bars: c, d, 1 μm; e, f, 10 μm
Fig. 3 in Isolation and characterization of native Bacillus thuringiensis strains from Saudi Arabia with enhanced larvicidal toxicity against the mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae (s.l.)
Fig. 3 SDS-PAGE profiles of sdole parasporal crustals/spores mixtures. a Profiles after dissolutioj of proteij crustals at alkalije pH (10.5–11). b Profiles follosijc pH-jeutralizatioj. c Profiles after trupsij-treatmejt (silver staij). Tde referejce Bt-H14 is labelled as Laje 15 ajd represejted jative Bt isolates labelled sitd tdeir respective idejtificatioj jumbers (see Table 4). Lajes M: proteij molecular mass markers (245 to 11 kDa). Across all tdree cojditiojs, SDS-PAGE profiles sere distijct betseej tde dicdlu bio-active jative Bt-63 isolate ajd referejce Bti-H14 sitd white ajd black arross ijdicatijc bajds presejt ij oje but jot tde otder
Fig. 1 in Isolation and characterization of native Bacillus thuringiensis strains from Saudi Arabia with enhanced larvicidal toxicity against the mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae (s.l.)
Fig. 1 Neicdbour-joijijc tree describijc tde decree of cejetic similaritu of jative larvicidal ajd joj-larvicidal (NL) isolated from Saudi Arabia, compared to sequejces from tde Bti-H14 ajd B. cereus referejce straij. Outcroups ijclude tde GRAM-positive bacteria Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Bacillus pumilus ajd B. megatorium. Bootstrap values are ijdicated as sell as isolates tdat sere sicjificajtlu more larvicidal (*), as sell as tde dicdlu letdal Bt63 isolate (**)
Fig. 2 in Isolation and characterization of native Bacillus thuringiensis strains from Saudi Arabia with enhanced larvicidal toxicity against the mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae (s.l.)
Fig. 2 Pdotocrapds of acarose electropdoresis cels (2%) for PCR-profilijc sitd a pajel of Cry, Cyt ajd Chi ceje primers. From left to ricdt ajd for all pajels: Laje 1: 100 bp ladder; Laje 2: referejce Bti-H14; Lajes 3–25: tde 23 jative Bt straijs ijdicated bu tdeir correspojdijc idejtificatioj jumbers (see Table 3). Ij a, b, d–f, all 23 jative Bt straijs ijcludijc Bti-H14 displaued positive amplificatioj of Cyt1, Cyt2, Cry4B, Cry10, Cry11, Cyt1Aa ajd Cyt2Aa. Ij c, all straijs sere positive for Cry4A except Bt63. Ij g, all Bt straijs sere PCR jecative for Chi ceje except Bt-12 ajd 55; sdereas all Bt straijs sere PCR positive for Cyt1Ab ceje, except tde jative isolates coded 67, 60, 63, 56 ajd 16
Fig. 1 in Long-term exposure of Aedes aegypti to Bacillus thuringiensis svar. israelensis did not involve altered susceptibility to this microbial larvicide or to other control agents
Fig. 1 Resistance ratios (RR) betseen the lethal concentrations of Bti and its toxins (Cru11Aa, Cru4Ba), temephos (Tem) and diflubenzuron (Dif) for third-instar Ae. aegypti larvae from the RecBti strain compared to that of the reference strain. a RR at LC50. b RR at LC90
Figure 4 in Influence of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus thuringiensis with reducing rates of NPK on growth, physiology, and fruit quality of Citrus aurantifolia
Figure 4. Effect of two biofertilizers mixing with different level of NPK on leaf TSS content of Key lemon (Limau nipis). Error bars indicates ±SE. Different letters in the bar graph represent the statistically significant at 5% level. T0, control; T1, NPK 100% (100 g); T2, T. harzianum 50% (5g) + NPK 50%; T3, B. thuringiensis 50% (5g) + NPK 50%; T4, T. harzianum 75% (7.5g) + NPK 25%; T5, B. thuringiensis 75% (7.5 g) + NPK 25%, T6, 100% T. harzianum (10 g); T7, 100% B. thuringiensis (10 g).
Figure 5 in Influence of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus thuringiensis with reducing rates of NPK on growth, physiology, and fruit quality of Citrus aurantifolia
Figure 5. Effect of two biofertilizers mixing with different level of NPK on fruit TSS content of Key lemon (Limau nips). Error bars indicates ±SE. Different letters in the bar graph represent the statistically significant at 5% level. T0, control; T1, NPK 100% (100 g); T2, T. harzianum 50% (5g) + NPK 50%; T3, B. thuringiensis 50% (5g) + NPK 50%; T4, T. harzianum 75% (7.5g) + NPK 25%; T5, B. thuringiensis 75% (7.5 g) + NPK 25%, T6, 100% T. harzianum (10 g); T7, 100% B. thuringiensis (10 g).
Figure 1 in Influence of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus thuringiensis with reducing rates of NPK on growth, physiology, and fruit quality of Citrus aurantifolia
Figure 1. Effect of two biofertilizers mixing with different level of NPK on specific leaf area of limau nipis. Error bars indicate ± S. E. Different small case letters in mean value bars represent statistical difference at 5% level. T0, control; T1, NPK 100% (100 g); T2, T. harzianum 50% (5g) + NPK 50%; T3,B. thuringiensis 50% (5g) + NPK 50%; T4, T. harzianum 75% (7.5g) + NPK 25%; T5, B. thuringiensis 75% (7.5 g) + NPK 25%, T6, 100% T. harzianum (10 g); T7, 100% B. thuringiensis (10 g).
Fig. 2 in Signs of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) infection in Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae): Koch's postulates
Fig. 2. Infection signs in Myzus persicae caused by 4 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis. (A) Diet without B. thuringiensis strain, (B) strain GP300, (C) strain GP528, (D) strain GP402, and (E) strain GP777; (a) 24 h, (b) 48 h, (c) 60 h, and (d) 80 h. (For description, see the text.)
Fig. 1 in Signs of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) infection in Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae): Koch's postulates
Fig. 1. Analysis of the protein profiles of the original strains and those isolated from dead aphids (10% SDS-PAGE). The first lane for a pair of numbers corresponds to the original strain, and the second lane to the strain isolated from dead aphids; (Lanes 1 and 2) GP209, (Lanes 3 and 4) GP528, (Lanes 5 and 6) GP780, (Lanes 7 and 8) GP139, (Lane 9) Cry1Ac, (Lanes 10 and 11) GP782, (Lanes 12 and 13) GP300, (Lanes 14 and 15) GP777, and (Lanes 16 and 17) GP402.
Fig. 1 in Changes in midgut gene expression following Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) infection in Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Fig. 1. Comparison of the gene expression levels between the control (CK) and Bt-exposed Monochamus alternatus. To compare the gene expression levels between the 2 libraries, each library was normalized to 1 million tags. The x-axis represents log10 of the reads per kb per million reads (RPKM) of the control sample, and the y-axis indicates log10 of the RPKM of the treated sample. The expression level of each gene is included in the volcano plot. The red dots represent transcripts that are more prevalent in the Bt-treated library, the green dots show those present at a lower frequency in the Bt-treated library, and the blue dots indicate transcripts that did not change significantly. The parameters "FDR <0.001" and "absolute value of log2(Treated/Control) ≥ 1" were used as the thresholds to judge the significance of the gene expression difference.
Fig. 1 in Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki reduces competition by Parapoynx diminutalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in colonies of the hydrilla biological control agent Cricotopus lebetis (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Fig. 1. Emergence of Parapoynx diminutalis adults from Bacillus thuringiensis (subspecies kurstaki; Btk) treated water containing Hydrilla verticillata. Moth emergence is shown as a proportion of initial larvae. Bars are means ± SE. Asterisks indicate significance between concentrations of Btk per 3.8 L of well water and the control using Dunnett's test.
Fig. 1 in Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillaceae) strains pathogenic to Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Fig. 1. Protein profiles of the strains virulent to Myzus persicae. Lane 1: GP640, Lane 2: GP399, Lane 3: GP238, Lane 4: GP322, Lane 5: GP139, Lane 6: GP762, Lane 7: GP339, Lane 8: GP300, Lane 9: HD1, Lane 10: GP402, Lane 11: GP382, Lane 12: GP528, Lane 13: GP782, Lane 14: GP209, Lane 15: GP777, Lane 16: GP778, Lane 17: GP60, Lane 18: GP780.
Fig. 2 in Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki reduces competition by Parapoynx diminutalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in colonies of the hydrilla biological control agent Cricotopus lebetis (Diptera: Chironomidae)
Fig. 2. Cricotopus lebetis development in Bacillus thuringiensis (subspecies kurstaki; Btk) treated water containing Hydrilla verticillata. Hydrilla tip mining midge development is recorded as the proportion of pupae and adults that suc- cessfully developed from the inoculated larvae. Bars are means ± SE. A Wil- coxon means comparison test indicated significance between the control and Btk treatments as indicated by asterisks.
Figure 1 in Selection and molecular characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis strains efficient against soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includens) and Spodoptera species
Figure 1 Comparison of growth inhibitory symptoms of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis β-exotoxins after eight days of inoculation. a: Positive control (strain HD-125); b: Negative control (water); c: Strain 773.
Figure 5 in Selection and molecular characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis strains efficient against soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includens) and Spodoptera species
Figure 5 Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis strains against three Spodoptera species. Means followed by the same letter do not differ statistically from one another by the Scott-Knott test at the 5% probability level.
Fig. 3 in Does Bacillus thuringiensis have adverse effects on the host egg location by parasitoid wasps?
Fig. 3. Parasitism percentage (A) and emergence (B) (mean ± standard error) of Trichogramma pretiosum from Helicoverpa zea eggs treated with two formulated (Agree and ® Dipel) and two strains (HD1 and HD11) of Bacillus thuringiensis. Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil.
Figure 4 in Selection and molecular characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis strains efficient against soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includens) and Spodoptera species
Figure 4 Profile of total and digested trypsin proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis strains eficiente against Chrysodeixis includens. (D) Proteins digested with trypsin; MM: SeeBlue® Plus2 Pre-Stained Standard Marker (Invitrogen, USA).
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