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Figure 5 in Morphogenesis of Ulva mutabilis (Chlorophyta) induced by Maribacter species (Bacteroidetes, Flavobacteriaceae)

Figure 5: Phylogenetic tree of strains of Flavobacteriaceae tested for morphogenetic activities. Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic inference of 16S rRNA gene sequences of the genus Maribacter and related genera in the family Flavobacteriaceae (phylum Bacteroidetes). Maribacter sp. strain MS6 (bold) and all type strains found to be MS6 substitutes in Ulva morphogenesis bioassays are marked in green. Test type strains which did not elicit the MS6 morphotype are marked in dark-red. For taxonomic robustness, the tree was constructed only with high-quality, ≥ 1300 bp 16S rRNA gene sequences, mostly from type strains. The gene sequence of strain MBIC04683 (349 bp) was added to the tree a posteriori using the ARB parsimony function. Numbers at tree nodes are bootstrap values calculated in ML analysis, and values ≥ 70% are shown. The unrooted tree is drawn to scale, and the scale bar represents the number of nucleotide substitutions per site (Costa et al. 2013, Keller-Costa et al. 2014). Arrows indicate strains which were identified as morphogenesis-inducing bacteria in previous studies (Matsuo et al. 2003, Spoerner et al. 2012).

Figure 4 in Morphogenesis of Ulva mutabilis (Chlorophyta) induced by Maribacter species (Bacteroidetes, Flavobacteriaceae)

Figure 4: Relative morphogenetic activity of the tested Flavobacteriaceae. Algae with normal cell wall formation (i.e. without any protrusions) were counted after 14 days of co-cultivation with following bacterial type strains: Maribacter chUngangensis, Maribacter arcticUs, Maribacter sedimenticola, Maribacter stanieri, Maribacter Ulvicola, Maribacter polysiphoniae, Algibacter lectUs, Ulvibacter litoralis, Polaribacter dokdonensis, PseUdozobellia thermophila, Arenibacter palladensis, MUricaUda zhangzhoUensis and the isolated strains RoseovariUs sp. MS2 (formerly Roseobacter sp. MS2) and Maribacter sp. MS6 (formerly Cytophaga sp. MS6). Error bars represent standard deviation (n = 50–70 individual algae). RoseovariUs sp. MS2 and Maribacter sp. MS6 were used as control strains for comparison.

Figure 1 in Morphogenesis of Ulva mutabilis (Chlorophyta) induced by Maribacter species (Bacteroidetes, Flavobacteriaceae)

Figure 1: Control experiment for complementary activity of morphogenesis-inducing bacteria (reference strains). Axenic Ulva mUtabilis sl G mt(+) germlings (A) were inoculated with either RoseovariUs sp. MS2 (B) or Maribacter sp. MS6 (C) or both bacteria (D). Gametophytes were propagated for gamete production and release under laboratory conditions (Wichard and Oertel 2010). Afterwards axenic gametes were prepared according to Wichard (2015). Purified gametes [mating type (+)] were inoculated with selected bacteria (final concentration OD = 1 × 10 − 6) in 10 ml Ulva culture medium and kept in the dark for 24 h to let gametes settle on culture tissue flask. After 14 days 600 growth at 18°C and 90–120 µmol photons s− 1 m− 2 for 17 h light and 7 h dark, thallus development of 50–70 germlings derived from triplicate experiments was examined with an inverted Leica DMIL LED microscope (Leica, Solms, Germany) equipped with a digital camera (Nikon, Düsseldorf, Germany). The four morphotypes are colour-coded. Black arrows indicate protrusions from the exterior cell wall. Scale bars = 100 µm.

Figure 3 in Morphogenesis of Ulva mutabilis (Chlorophyta) induced by Maribacter species (Bacteroidetes, Flavobacteriaceae)

Figure 3: Bioassay screening for morphogenetic activity among selected Flavobacteriaceae (rows). Two-week old germlings are shown. Selected strains were tested with axenic Ulva gametes alone (left column: A–F) and in combination with RoseovariUs sp. MS2 (middle column: G–L) or with Maribacter sp. MS6 (right column: M–R). Black arrows indicate protrusions from the exterior cell wall. Different colours of frames indicate different morphotypes, as explained in Figure 2 and shown for the control experiments in Figure 1. Scale bars = 100 µm.

Figure 2 in Morphogenesis of Ulva mutabilis (Chlorophyta) induced by Maribacter species (Bacteroidetes, Flavobacteriaceae)

Figure 2: Bioassay screening for morphogenetic activity among selected Maribacter strains (rows). Two-week old germlings are shown. Maribacter strains were tested with axenic Ulva gametes alone (left column: A–F) and in combination with RoseovariUs sp. MS2 (middle column: G–L) or with Maribacter sp. MS6 (right column: M–R). Yellow framing (F) highlights an axenic-like development and morphotype with protrusions from the exterior cell wall (black arrow). Purple framing (L) shows cell divisions and blade formation with malformed cell walls (black arrow) indicating an MS2-like morphotype. Red framing (A–E, M–R) shows longitudinal growth and normal cell wall formation similar to the MS6-like morphotype. If the tested strain harboured an MS6-like bioactivity and was inoculated with RoseovariUs sp. MS2, the complete morphogenesis was observed (green framing, G–K). Scale bars = 100 µm.

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Fig. 3 in Report of 22 unrecorded bacterial species in Korea belonging to phylum Bacteroidetes, discovered during surveys in 2018

Fig. 3. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showing the relationships between the strains isolated in this study and their relatives of the order Bacteroidales, Balneolales, Chitinophagales, Cytophagales and Sphingobacteriales in the class Bacteroidetes. Bootstrap values (>50%) are shown at branching points. Filled circles indicate that the corresponding nodes were also recovered in the trees generated with the maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony algorithms, while open circles indicate that the corresponding nodes were also recovered in the tree generated with one of these algorithms. Bar, 0.05 substitutions per nucleotide position.

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Fig. 1 in Report of 22 unrecorded bacterial species in Korea belonging to phylum Bacteroidetes, discovered during surveys in 2018

Fig. 1. Transmission electron micrographs or scanning electron micrographs of cells of the strains isolated in the study. Strains: 1, LPB0213; 2, MaG24; 3, Wi-47; 4, GA076; 5, KYW1525; 6, Ast28; 7, HMF5202; 8, 18S4T3; 9, 18H1T5; 10, 18H3M2; 11, BT43; 12, BO204; 13, 18S4P11; 14, 18H3V6; 15, 18N3G15; 16, 18N3V8; 17, SC115; 18, HMF9181; 19, SC71; 20, HMF9088; 21, BO167; 22, 18SBM11.

Fig. 2 in A report of 43 unrecorded bacterial species within the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes isolated from various sources from Korea in 2019

Fig. 2. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showing the relationship between the isolates and their relatives of the phylum Bacteroidetes. Bootstrap values (>70%) are shown. Filled circles indicate that both maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony trees obtained the same node arrangement, while empty circles indicate either only maximum-likelihood or maximum-parsimony obtained the same corresponding nodes. Escherichia coli ATCC 11775T (X80725) was used as an outgroup. Bar, 0.05 substitutions per nucleotide position.

Fig. 5 in A report of 43 unrecorded bacterial species within the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes isolated from various sources from Korea in 2019

Fig. 5. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showing the relationship between the isolates and their relatives of the orders Clostridiales and Lactobacillales. Bootstrap values (>70%) are shown. Filled circles indicate that both maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony trees obtained the same node arrangement, while empty circles indicate either only maximum-likelihood or maximum-parsimony obtained the same corresponding nodes. Escherichia coli ATCC 11775T (X80725) was used as an outgroup. Bar, 0.02 substitutions per nucleotide position.

Fig. 3 in A report of 43 unrecorded bacterial species within the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes isolated from various sources from Korea in 2019

Fig. 3. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showing the relationship between the isolates and their relatives of the family Bacillaceae. Bootstrap values (>70%) are shown. Filled circles indicate that both maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony trees obtained the same node arrangement, while empty circles indicate either only maximum-likelihood or maximum-parsimony obtained the same corresponding nodes. Escherichia coli ATCC 11775T (X80725) was used as an outgroup. Bar, 0.02 substitutions per nucleotide position.

Fig. 1 in A report of 43 unrecorded bacterial species within the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes isolated from various sources from Korea in 2019

Fig. 1. Transmission electron micrographs of cells. Strains: 1, LPB0329; 2, SO92; 3, FS31; 4, BT243; 5, F-49; 6, HMF9403; 7, SS28; 8, HMF6110; 9, HMF6096; 10, HMF6964; 11, R20; 12, 19D1S38; 13, LPB0288; 14, CAU 1601; 15, LPB0313; 16, BT246; 17, JBTF-M5; 18, LPB0275; 19, 19D1F21; 20, DN10; 21, 19D1C9; 22, LPB0284; 23, N17; 24, BT366; 25, BT245; 26, CAU 1600; 27, BSSK_R2A22; 28, FS120; 29, CAU 1604; 30, DS-19; 31, NC2; 32, CAU 1557; 33, CAU 1563; 34, CAU 1572; 35, CAU 1562; 36, LPB0311; 37, LPB0214; 38, YG19; 39, AM8; 40, AM13; 41, LPB0309; 42, LPB0308; 43, LPB0307.

Fig. 4 in A report of 43 unrecorded bacterial species within the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes isolated from various sources from Korea in 2019

Fig. 4. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showing the relationship between the isolates and their relatives of the families Paenibacillaceae, Planococcaceae and Staphylococcaceae. Bootstrap values (>70%) are shown. Filled circles indicate that both maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony trees obtained the same node arrangement, while empty circles indicate either only maximum-likelihood or maximum-parsimony obtained the same corresponding nodes. Escherichia coli ATCC 11775T (X80725) was used as an outgroup. Bar, 0.02 substitutions per nucleotide position.

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Fig. 2 in A report of 24 unrecorded bacterial species in Korea belonging to the Phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes isolated in 2020

Fig. 2. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences shows the relationship between the strains isolated in this study and their relatives of the genus Pedobacter HMG1331, Mucilaginibacter HMG2653, Aquimarina KYW2188, and Flavihumibacter SM8. Bootstrap values (>70%) are shown above nodes for the neighbor-joining methods. Bar: 0.01 and 0.05 substitutions per nucleotide position, respectively.

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Fig. 1 in A report of 24 unrecorded bacterial species in Korea belonging to the Phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes isolated in 2020

Fig. 1. Transmission electron micrographs of the strains isolated in this study. Strains: a, SM8; b, KYW2188; c, HMG1331; d, HMG2653; e, JHSTF-R13; f, HMG1343; g, CAU 1621; h, BDTF-M8; i, MA20; j, HMG2551; k, LW_53_Sal; l, SO215; m, AsT1; n, L1_74_Sal; o, BT648; p, KYW1991; q, L1_34_Aci; r, JHSTF-R6; s, L1_104_Sal; t, LW_92_Aci; u, DM7; v, HMG1413; w, MA7; x, 17bor-14.

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Fig. 3 in A report of 24 unrecorded bacterial species in Korea belonging to the Phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes isolated in 2020

Fig. 3. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences shows the relationship between the strains isolated in this study and their relatives of the genus Serratia SO215, Citrobacter MA20, Pantoea HMG2551, Providencia LW_53_Sal, Tolumonas JH- STF-R13, Oceanisphaera HMG1343, Halomonas KYW1991, Marinobacter CAU 1621, Microbulbifer BDTF-M8, Azotobacter DM7, Pseudomonas JHSTF-R6, Pseudomonas L1_104_Sal, Pseudomonas LW 92 Aci, Steroidobacter HMG1413, Lysobacter BT648, Stenotrophomonas L1_74_Sal, Stenotrophomonas MA7, Maritimibacter AST1 and Simulacricoccus 17bor-14. Bootstrap values (>70%) are shown above nodes for the neighbor-joining methods. Bar: 0.01 and 0.02 substitutions per nucleotide position, respectively.

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Fig. 3. Neighborjoining phylogenetic tree constructed from a in Report on 14 unrecorded bacterial species in Korea that belong to the phyla Bacteroidetes and Deinococcus-Thermus

Fig. 3. Neighborjoining phylogenetic tree constructed from a comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showing the relationships between the strains isolated in this study and their relatives of the class Bacteroidetes. Numbers at nodes are levels of bootstrap support for branch points, based on 1,000 resampling; values are shown only if greater than 70%. Filled circles at nodes indicate that the corresponding nodes were also recovered using maximumlikelihood algorithm. Bar, 5% sequence divergence.

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Fig. 2. Neighborjoining phylogenetic tree constructed from a in Report on 14 unrecorded bacterial species in Korea that belong to the phyla Bacteroidetes and Deinococcus-Thermus

Fig. 2. Neighborjoining phylogenetic tree constructed from a comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showing the relationships between the strains isolated in this study and their relatives of the class DeinococcusThermus. Numbers at nodes are levels of bootstrap support for branch points, based on 1,000 resampling; values are shown only if greater than 70%. Filled circles at nodes indicate that the corresponding nodes were also recovered using maximumlikelihood algorithm. Bar, 2% sequence divergence.

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Fig. 1 in Report on 14 unrecorded bacterial species in Korea that belong to the phyla Bacteroidetes and Deinococcus-Thermus

Fig. 1. Transmission electron micrographs or scanning electron micrographs of cells of the strains isolated in this study. Strains: 1. DaeR4; 2. BE44; 3. KA18; 4. KYW884; 5. PN22; 6. HME8473; 7. KYW842; 8. KA3; 9. KYW573; 10. HD33; 11. WSWMO1; 12. WSWMO2; 13. IMCC1073; 14. HME8545.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2016View details →

Fig. 3 in A report of 26 unrecorded bacterial species in Korea, belonging to the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes

Fig. 3. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showing the relationship between the strains isolated in this study and their relatives of the class Firmicutes. Bootstrap values (>70%) are shown above nodes for the neighbor-joining and below nodes for the maximum-likelihood methods. Filled circles indicate the nodes recovered by the two treeing methods. Bar, 0.02 substitutions per nucleotide position.