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Data for "Let's not wing it: Effective conservation of subterranean-roosting bats"
<p>Database as both excel (.xls) and tab-delimited (.csv) associated with the publication: </p> <p>Meierhofer M.B., et al. (2023) Let’s not wing it: Effective conservation of subterranean-roosting bats. <em>Conservation biology.</em></p> <p>Please refer to the main publication for a detailed description. An explanation of the database is available in the Metadata file uploaded alongside the database. R code to reproduce the analysis pipeline is available on GitHub:</p> <p>https://github.com/StefanoMammola/Analysis_Cave_bat_conservation.git</p>
Fig. 1 in Is the Egyptian fruit-bat Rousettus aegyptiacus a pest in Israel? An analysis of the bat's diet and implications for its conservation
Fig. 1. Monthly mean number of droppings (with standard error bars) of Rousettus aegyptiacus in Nachash and Rakefet caves during 1994 and 1995. Samples collected from three 1 m2 sheets during 48 h each month.
Present and future distribution of bat hosts of sarbecoviruses: implications for conservation and public health
<p>Global changes in response to human encroachment into natural habitats and carbon emissions are driving the biodiversity extinction crisis and increasing disease emergence risk. Host distributions are one critical component to identify areas at risk of viral spillover, and bats act as reservoirs of diverse viruses. We developed a reproducible ecological niche modelling pipeline for bat hosts of SARS-like viruses (subgenus Sarbecovirus), given that several closely-related viruses have been discovered and sarbecovirus-host interactions have gained attention since SARS-CoV-2 emergence. We assessed sampling biases and modeled current distributions of bats based on climate and landscape relationships and project future scenarios for host hotspots. The most important predictors of species distributions were temperature seasonality and cave availability. We identified concentrated host hotspots in Myanmar and projected range contractions for most species by 2100. Our projections indicate hotspots will shift east in Southeast Asia in locations greater than 2 °C hotter in a fossil-fueled development future. Hotspot shifts have implications for conservation and public health, as loss of population connectivity can lead to local extinctions, and remaining hotspots may concentrate near human populations.</p>
Figure 3 in Host conservation through their parasites: molecular surveillance of vector-borne microorganisms in bats using ectoparasitic bat flies
Figure 3. Comparison of detected microorganism prevalence (prevalence of infection) between bats and bat flies. Different bars represent hosts (black), all bat flies (dark grey), and consensus fly results, meaning that at least one infected fly individual was present on the host (light grey).
Figure 2 in Host conservation through their parasites: molecular surveillance of vector-borne microorganisms in bats using ectoparasitic bat flies
Figure 2. Prevalence of Bartonella spp., Polychromophilus spp., and Trypanosoma spp. infection in nycteribiid flies collected from 28 bats, which carried between 2 and 7 flies. Black: all flies are infected, dark grey: all flies are non-infected, light grey: both infected and non-infected flies occurred on the same host.
Figure 1 in Host conservation through their parasites: molecular surveillance of vector-borne microorganisms in bats using ectoparasitic bat flies
Figure 1. Number of detected vector-borne microorganisms in bats (A) and bat flies (B). Black colour corresponds to Miniopterus natalensis (A), and Nycteribia schmidlii scotti (B), whereas grey shows Miniopterus schreibersii (A) and Nycteribia schmidlii (B).
Figure 3 in A new Tube-nosed Fruit Bat from New Guinea, Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov., A Re-diagnosis of N. certans and N. cyclotis (Pteropodidae: Chiroptera), and a Review of their Conservation Status
Figure 3. Plot of 5-Metacarpal divided by the 1st phalanx of the 5 digit, verses 2nd phalanx of the 2nd digit, indicating separation of Nyctimene certans and N. cyclotis using 3 simple wing measurements for 255 specimens. Nyctimene certans (squares, n = 35), N. a. papuanus (circles, n = 128), N. wrightae sp. nov. (triangles, n = 90) and N. cyclotis (diamonds, n = 2). Holotype specimens are indicated for each species by an asterisk. Full or closed symbols indicate individuals identified genetically (n = 77), open symbols are those identified morphologically (n = 179).
Figure 12 in A new Tube-nosed Fruit Bat from New Guinea, Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov., A Re-diagnosis of N. certans and N. cyclotis (Pteropodidae: Chiroptera), and a Review of their Conservation Status
Figure 12. Distribution of specimens assigned in this study to N. cyclotis (stars, n = 2), N. certans (squares, n = 26), N. wrightae sp. nov. (triangles n = 22) and N. a. papuanus (circles n = 48).
Figure 6 in A new Tube-nosed Fruit Bat from New Guinea, Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov., A Re-diagnosis of N. certans and N. cyclotis (Pteropodidae: Chiroptera), and a Review of their Conservation Status
Figure 6. Dorsal and ventral photographs of the holotype of Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov. compared with N. a. papuanus. (a, b) Holotype of N. wrightae sp. nov. AM M.16423, photographs courtesy of Harry Parnaby (AM). (c) N. a. papuanus, NHMUK 1901.11.5.3; (d) N. wrightae sp. nov. NHMUK 1969.1417. Typically the fur is short and brown, but varies (see Fig. 7). Nyctimene a. papuanus and N. wrightae sp. nov. have a clearly demarcated dorsal stripe unlike N. certans and N. cyclotis (see Fig. 5). Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov. and N. a. papuanus have relatively long and distally tapered ears but those of N. wrightae sp. nov. tend to be thickened on the leading edge; externally N. wrightae sp. nov. and N. a. papuanus can appear very similar as exemplified by (c) and (d).
Figure 2 in A new Tube-nosed Fruit Bat from New Guinea, Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov., A Re-diagnosis of N. certans and N. cyclotis (Pteropodidae: Chiroptera), and a Review of their Conservation Status
Figure 2. Holotype skull and mandible of Nyctimene cyclotis NHMUK 1910.7.16.9; (a) mandible, right side is broken and left M is missing; (b) ventral view of cranium, right P4 2
Figure 1 in A new Tube-nosed Fruit Bat from New Guinea, Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov., A Re-diagnosis of N. certans and N. cyclotis (Pteropodidae: Chiroptera), and a Review of their Conservation Status
Figure 1. Morphological measurements taken for this study, see text for explanation of abbreviations: (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, and (c) lateral views of the skull and (d) mandible of a typical Nyctimene, (e) Skeleton of type specimen for subfamily, N. cephalotes, from Pallas (1767).
Figure 8 in A new Tube-nosed Fruit Bat from New Guinea, Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov., A Re-diagnosis of N. certans and N. cyclotis (Pteropodidae: Chiroptera), and a Review of their Conservation Status
Figure 8. First two axes of a LDFA based on 14 factors of combined skull, dental and external body measurements (listed in Table 4), showing separation between N. a. papuanus (circles, n = 44), N. certans (squares, n = 15) and N. wrightae sp. nov. (triangles, n = 11). Holotype of N. wrightae sp. nov. is indicated by star symbol.
Figure 10 in A new Tube-nosed Fruit Bat from New Guinea, Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov., A Re-diagnosis of N. certans and N. cyclotis (Pteropodidae: Chiroptera), and a Review of their Conservation Status
Figure 10. Plot of breadth against M1 breadth for Nyctimene a. papuanus (circles, n = 58) N. certans (squares, n = 27), N. wrightae sp. nov. (triangles, n = 11) and N. cyclotis (diamond, n = 2). Filled symbols are genetically identified. Holotypes of each species indicated by star symbols. Smaller outliers of N. certans are old individuals with smaller teeth due to extensive tooth wear. Outliers of N. wrightae sp. nov. with larger teeth than their conspecifics are young individuals with little tooth wear.
Figure 7 in A new Tube-nosed Fruit Bat from New Guinea, Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov., A Re-diagnosis of N. certans and N. cyclotis (Pteropodidae: Chiroptera), and a Review of their Conservation Status
Figure 7. Photographs of Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov. and N. certans. (a) Female with young pup attached, showing characteristic long ears with thickened edge and short, brown hair (photograph courtesy of Debra Wright); (b) N. certans, showing darker fur than N. wrightae sp. nov. and round, broad ears (photograph courtesy of Debra Wright); (c) N. wrightae sp. nov. yellow colour morph with large brown spots caught in O-Pio, Chimbu Prov. (field number NRI 721), the dorsal stripe is clear and becomes thinner in upper part of back.
Figure 5 in A new Tube-nosed Fruit Bat from New Guinea, Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov., A Re-diagnosis of N. certans and N. cyclotis (Pteropodidae: Chiroptera), and a Review of their Conservation Status
Figure 5. Dorsal and ventral photographs of the holotypes of Nyctimene certans and N. cyclotis. (a, b) Holotype of N. certans NHMUK 1911.11.29.1; photographs courtesy of Harry Taylor (NHMUK). (c, d) Holotype of N. cyclotis NHMUK 1910.7.16.9; photographs courtesy of Jeff Streicher (NHMUK). The ears are short and rounded in N. certans and N. cyclotis. Both FA's of N. cyclotis are clearly broken. The dorsal stripe is difficult to distinguish in the base of the dorsal in N. certans and N. cyclotis. Overall there is a grizzled grey-brown appearance in the fur in the dorsal of N. certans and N. cyclotis, compared to a more even brown colour in N. wrightae sp. nov. and N. a. papuanus (see Fig. 6).
Figure 4 in A new Tube-nosed Fruit Bat from New Guinea, Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov., A Re-diagnosis of N. certans and N. cyclotis (Pteropodidae: Chiroptera), and a Review of their Conservation Status
Figure 4. Dorsal and ventral views of skulls and mandibles of Nyctimene certans (young adult) (AM M.17888), N. certans (old, showing extensive tooth wear) (AM M.30648), N. wrightae sp. nov. (holotype) (AM M.16423) and N. a. papuanus (AM M.16425).
Present and future distribution of bat hosts of sarbecoviruses: implications for conservation and public health
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Robust evidence for bats as reservoir hosts is lacking in most African virus studies – a review and call to optimize sampling and conserve bats
<p><span>Africa experiences frequent emerging disease outbreaks among humans, with bats often proposed as zoonotic pathogen hosts. We comprehensively reviewed virus-bat findings from papers published between 1978 and 2020 to evaluate the evidence that African bats are reservoirs and/or bridging hosts for viruses that cause human disease. We present data from 162 papers (of 1322) with original findings on (1) numbers and species of bats sampled across bat families and the continent, (2) how bats were selected for study inclusion, (3) if bats were terminally sampled, (4) what types of ecological data, if any, were recorded, and (5) which viruses were detected and with what methodology. We propose a scheme for evaluating presumed virus-host relationships by evidence type and quality, using the contrasting available evidence for </span><em>Orthoebolavirus</em> (formerly <em>Ebolavirus</em>) versus <em>Orthomarburgvirus</em> (formerly <em>Marburgvirus</em>) as an example. We review the wording in abstracts and discussions of all 162 papers, identifying key framing terms, how these refer to findings, and how they might contribute to people's beliefs about bats. We discuss the impact of scientific research communication on public perception and emphasize the need for strategies that minimize human-bat conflict and support bat conservation. Finally, we make recommendations for best practices that will improve virological study metadata.</p>
Figure 1 in Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) from Yuscarán in Eastern Honduras: Conservation and acoustic characterization for the insectivorous species
Figure 1. Geographic location of the study sites in the Yuscarán Biological Reserve and Municipality of Yuscarán, Department of El Paraíso, Honduras, Central America. Geographic coordinates and other details are in Table 1.
Figure 4 in Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) from Yuscarán in Eastern Honduras: Conservation and acoustic characterization for the insectivorous species
Figure 4. Echolocation pulses of aerial insectivorous bats. Spectrograms (bottom) and oscillograms (top) correspond to search calls. X axis milliseconds (ms) and Y axis Kilohertz (kHz). Emballonuridae: (BPl) B. plicata, (PMA) P. macrotis; Molossidae: (MAL) M. alvarezi, (MNI) M. nigricans, (MMO) M. molossus. Mormoopidae: (PFU) P. fulvus, (PGY) P. gymnonotus, (PME) P. mesoamericanus, (PPS) P. psilotis. Vespertilionidae: (NIG) M. nigricans, (BRA) E. brasiliensis, (FUR) E. furinalis, (FUS) E. fuscus.
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