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202 results for “Behavior: reproductive”
Replication package of "Search-based Crash Reproduction using Behavioral Model Seeding"
<p>Search-based crash reproduction approaches assist developers during debugging by generating a test case which reproduces a crash given its stack trace. One of the fundamental steps of this approach is creating objects needed to trigger the crash. One way to overcome this limitation is seeding: using information about the application during the search process. With seeding, the existing usages of classes can be used in the<br> search process to produce realistic sequences of method calls which create the required objects. In this study, we introduce behavioral model seeding: a new seeding method which learns class usages from both<br> the system under test and existing test cases. Learned usages are then synthesized in a behavioral model (state machine). Then, this model serves to guide the evolutionary process. To assess behavioral model-seeding, we evaluate it against test-seeding (the state-of-the-art technique for seeding realistic objects) and no-seeding (without seeding any class usage). For this evaluation, we use a benchmark of 122 hard-to-reproduce crashes stemming from six open-source projects. Our results indicate that behavioral model-seeding outperforms both test seeding and no-seeding by a minimum of 6% without any notable negative impact on efficiency.</p>
Fig. 18 in New generic assignment to the harvestman Metaphareus punctatus (Opiliones: Stygnidae) and observations about it reproductive behavior
Fig. 18. Geographical distribution of Eutimesius punctatus (Roewer, 1913), comb. nov. and E. albicinctus (Roewer, 1915).
FIG. 1 in Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950 and Gnathoclita vorax (Stoll, 1813): two katydids with unusual acoustic, reproductive and defense behaviors (Orthoptera, Pseudophyllinae)
FIG. 1. — Variations in characters used to distinguish Panoploscelis scudderi Beier, 1950 and Panoploscelis angusticauda Beier 1950 n. syn. females. The speci- mens pictured are breed from samples collected in Mitaraka (F1 and F2 generations). The frequent-most condition is represented in the left panels (A, E, J). Specimens from Mitaraka display variations in: A-D, the number of tubercle-bearing veins; E-I, the shape of ovipositor in side view (holotype of P. angusticauda display the same shape of ovipositor as illustrated in F); J-N, the shape of epiproct hind margin (male juvenile holotype of P. scudderi display the same shape of epiproct hind margin as illustrated in N; in P. angusticauda, the hind margin is somehow as in K). Scale bars: 10 mm.
Divergence in reproductive behaviors is associated with the evolutionary loss of parental care
<p>The mechanisms underlying the divergence of reproductive strategies between closely-related species are still poorly understood. Additionally, it is unclear which selective factors drive the evolution of reproductive behavioral variation and how these traits coevolve, particularly during early divergence. To address these questions, we quantified behavioral differences in a recently diverged pair of Nova Scotian three-spined stickleback (<em>Gasterosteus aculeatus</em>) populations, which vary in parental care, with one population displaying paternal care and the other lacking this. We compared both populations, and a full reciprocal F1 hybrid cross, across four major reproductive stages: territoriality, nesting, courtship, and parenting. We identified significant divergence in a suite of heritable behaviors. Importantly, F1 hybrids exhibited a mix of behavioral patterns, some of which suggest sex-linkage. This system offers fresh insights into the coevolutionary dynamics of reproductive behaviors during early divergence and offers support for the hypothesis that coevolutionary feedback between sexual selection and parental care can drive rapid evolution of reproductive strategies.</p>
Food and social cues modulate reproductive development but not migratory behavior in a nomadic songbird, the Pine Siskin (Pinus spinus)
<p>Many animals rely on photoperiodic and non-photoperiodic environmental cues to gather information and appropriately time life history stages across the annual cycle, such as reproduction, molt, and migration. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that the reproductive physiology, but not migratory behavior, of captive Pine Siskins responds to both food and social cues during the spring migratory-breeding period. Pine Siskins are a nomadic finch with a highly flexible breeding schedule and, in the spring, free-living Pine Siskins can wander large geographic areas and opportunistically breed. To understand the importance of non-photoperiodic cues to the migratory-breeding transition, we maintained individually housed birds on either a standard or enriched diet in the presence of group-housed heterospecifics or conspecifics experiencing either the standard or enriched diet type. We measured body condition and reproductive development of all Pine Siskins and, among individually housed Pine Siskins, quantified nocturnal migratory restlessness. In group-housed birds, the enriched diet caused increases in body condition and, among females, promoted reproductive development. Among individually housed birds, female reproductive development differed between treatment groups whereas male reproductive development did not. Specifically, individually housed females showed greater reproductive development when presented with conspecifics compared to heterospecifics. The highest rate of female reproductive development, however, was observed amongst individually housed females provided the enriched diet and maintained with group-housed conspecifics on an enriched diet. Changes in nocturnal migratory restlessness did not vary by treatment group or sex. By manipulating both the physical and social environment, this study demonstrates how multiple environmental cues can affect the timing of transitions between life history stages with differential responses between sexes and between migratory and reproductive systems.</p>
Reproduction code and data for the plot of "Synthesizing survival robot behavior through reinforcement learning for homeostasis"
<pre># Reproduction code and data for the plot of "Synthesizing survival robot behavior through reinforcement learning for homeostasis"<br>Author: Naoto Yoshida<br><br>How to use:<br>1. Clone https://github.com/ugo-nama-kun/journalpaper_robot_2024 from github.<br>2. Extract data_20241119.zip in the cloned repository.<br>3. Run each plot_Fig*.py</pre>
Figure 1 in Monitoring the feeding and parental care behavior of a pair of free-living owls (Tyto furcata) in the nest during the reproductive period in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Figure 1. Couple of Tyto furcata image captured by the security camera positioned opposite from the nest.Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ.
Figure 5 in Monitoring the feeding and parental care behavior of a pair of free-living owls (Tyto furcata) in the nest during the reproductive period in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Figure 5. Day frequency that the Tyto furcata family brought food to the nest. Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ.
Figure 4 in Monitoring the feeding and parental care behavior of a pair of free-living owls (Tyto furcata) in the nest during the reproductive period in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Figure 4. Frequency that the Tyto furcata parents bring the chicks near themselves (July and August, 2017). Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ.
Figure 6 in Monitoring the feeding and parental care behavior of a pair of free-living owls (Tyto furcata) in the nest during the reproductive period in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Figure 6. Day frequency that the Tyto furcata family brought food to the nest, from laying the eggs until the chicks left the nest. Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ.
Figure 3 in Monitoring the feeding and parental care behavior of a pair of free-living owls (Tyto furcata) in the nest during the reproductive period in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Figure 3. Observation of the Tyto furcata family in the nest. (A) Female sitting on eggs in the artificial nest; (B) 25-day-old chicks; (C) Adult owl bringing food to the chicks; (D) Chicks feeding alone in the nest. Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ.
Fig. 5 in Reproductive behavior of the marine gastropod Charonia seguenzae (Aradas & Benoit, 1870) in captivity Abstract
Fig. 5: A) Female depositing egg capsules. B) Female cleaning egg capsules with its proboscis. C) Male (upper) copulating with a female that deposited capsules (bottom). D) Female (left) and the male (right) laying on the egg capsules. E) Male alone on egg capsules. F) Male cleaning egg capsules with its proboscis.
Fig. 3 in Reproductive behavior of the marine gastropod Charonia seguenzae (Aradas & Benoit, 1870) in captivity Abstract
Fig. 3: A) Simultaneous copulation of one female Charonia seguenzae (♀) with two males (♂). B) Closer view of the male penises (indicated with arrows) inserted into the female mantle cavity.
Fig. 2 in Reproductive behavior of the marine gastropod Charonia seguenzae (Aradas & Benoit, 1870) in captivity Abstract
Fig. 2: A) Copulation of Charonia seguenzae: Female - bottom left, male - upper right. B) Copulation of a male Charonia seguenzae with a female that had already deposited egg capsules.
Multiple stressors lead to complex responses in reproductive behaviors in an African cichlid
<p>Exposure to multiple environmental stressors is a common occurrence that can affect organisms in predictable or unpredictable ways. Hypoxia and turbidity in aquatic environments are two stressors that can affect reproductive behaviors by altering energy availability and the visual environment, respectively. Here we examine the relative effects of population and the rearing environment (oxygen concentration and turbidity) on reproductive behaviors. We reared cichlid fish (the Egyptian mouthbrooder, Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor) from two populations (a swamp and river) until sexual maturity, in a full factorial design (hypoxic/normoxic x clear/turbid) and then quantified male competitive and courtship behaviors and female preference under their respective rearing conditions. Overall, we found that the rearing environment was more important than population for determining behavior, indicating there were few heritable differences in reproductive behavior between the two populations. Unexpectedly, males in the hypoxic rearing treatment performed more competitive and courtship behaviors. Under turbid conditions males performed fewer competitive and courtship behaviors. We predicted that females would prefer males from their own population. However, under the hypoxic and turbid combination females from both populations preferred males from the other population. Our results suggest that reproductive behaviors are affected by interactions between male traits, female preference, and environmental conditions.</p>
Figures 1-4 in Reproductive behavior of the Red-crested Finch Coryphospingus cucullatus (Aves: Thraupidae) in southeastern Brazil
Figures 1-4. Nests, eggs, and young Red-creasted Finch. (1) Nest lateral view depicting nest placement and lichens in the outer wall. (2) Female incubating eggs. (3) Eggs and incubation chamber. (4) Nestlings.
Figure 3 in Feeding and reproductive behavior of the dung beetle Canthon rutilans cyanescens (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae)
Figure 3 - Number (A) and weight (B) of Canthon rutilans cyanescens brood balls maintained in laboratory conditions according to distinct food supplies. Treatments: feces of Canis lupus familiaris (domestic dog), Cerdocyon thous (crab-eating fox), Sapajus nigritus (black capuchin) and Puma concolor (cougar). The central line of each box corresponds to the median per couples, boxes show 75th percentile and 25th, lines are the upper and lower limits and points are outliers; different letters indicate statistical inequality.
Figure 5 in Feeding and reproductive behavior of the dung beetle Canthon rutilans cyanescens (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae)
Figure 5 - Number and weight of the brood balls built by Canthon rutilans cyanescens couples fed with distinct amounts of food resource. A) Number of brood balls over the offer of 1 g and 5 g of supply in small and B) big couples. C) Brood balls weight constructed with the same amount of food offered to small and D) big couples. The central line of each box corresponds to the median per couples, boxes show 75th percentile and 25th, lines are the upper and lower limits and points are outliers.
Figure 1 in Feeding and reproductive behavior of the dung beetle Canthon rutilans cyanescens (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae)
Figure 1 Reproductive behavior and development stages of Canthon rutilans cyanescens observed in the laboratory. A - Copula; B - Female producing the oviposition chamber inside the brood ball with its mouth parts; C - Couple next to the future brood ball; D – Female defecating inside the future brood ball chamber; E - Brood balls with external feces pellets; F - Egg; G - Newly hatched larvae; H - Larva growing as it feeds; I - Larva in its maximum size, frequently defecating; J - Last larval stage, when preparing to pupa stage, expelling all fecal contents; K - Pupa; L - Newly hatched adult with moult remains in the clypeus and pronotum.
Figure 1 in Reproduction, postnatal development, and social behavior of Ellobius lutescens Thomas 1897 (Mammalia: Rodentia) in captivity
Figure 1. Development of E. lutescens pups (A- newly born, B- 7 days, C- 14 days, D- 21 days, E- 28 days, F- 42 days, G- 56 days, H- 70 days, I- 84 days).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.