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145 results for “Behavioral variation”
Are you scared yet? Variations to cue components elicits differential prey behavioral responses even when gape limited predators are relatively small.
Anti-predator behavior is often evoked based on measurements of risk calculated from sensory cues emanating from predators independent of physical attack. Yet, the exact sensory indices of cues used in risk assessment remain largely unknown. To examine how different predatory cue indices of information are used in risk assessment, we presented prey with various cues from sublethal gape-limited predators. Rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus (Girard, 1852)) were exposed to predatory odors from sublethal-sized largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède, 1802)) to test effects of changing predator abundance, relative size relationships, and total predator length in flow through mesocosms. Foraging, shelter use, and movement behavior were used to measure cue effects. Foraging time depended jointly upon predator abundance and total predator size (p = 0.030). Specifically, high predator abundance resulted in decreased foraging efforts as gape ratio increased. Similarly, sheltering time depended on the interaction between predator abundance and gape ratio when predator abundance was highest (p = 0.020). Crayfish significantly increased exploration time when gape ratio increased (p = 0.010). Thus, this study shows crayfish can use different indices of predatory cues, namely total predator abundance and relative size ratios, in risk assessment but do so in context-specific ways.
Data from: Multimodal in situ datalogging quantifies inter-individual variation in thermal experience and persistent origin effects on gaping behavior among intertidal mussels (Mytilus californianus)
In complex habitats, environmental variation over small spatial scales can equal or exceed larger-scale gradients. This small-scale variation may allow motile organisms to mitigate stressful conditions by choosing benign microhabitats, whereas sessile organisms may rely on other behaviors to cope with environmental stresses in these variable environments. We developed a monitoring system to track body temperature, valve gaping behavior, and posture of individual mussels (Mytilus californianus) in field conditions in the rocky intertidal zone. Neighboring mussels' body temperatures varied by up to 14°C during low tides. Valve gaping during low tide and postural adjustments, which could theoretically lower body temperature, were not commonly observed. Rather, gaping behavior followed a tidal rhythm at a warm, high intertidal site; this rhythm shifted to a circadian period at a low intertidal site and for mussels continuously submerged in a tidepool. However, individuals within a site varied considerably in time spent gaping when submerged. This behavioral variation could be attributed in part to persistent effects of mussels' developmental environment. Mussels originating from a wave-protected, warm site gaped more widely, and they remained open for longer periods during high tide than mussels from a wave-exposed, cool site. Variation in behavior was modulated further by recent wave heights and body temperatures during the preceding low tide. These large ranges in body temperatures and durations of valve closure events - which coincide with anaerobic metabolism - support the conclusion that individuals experience "homogeneous" aggregations such as mussel beds in dramatically different fashion, ultimately contributing to physiological variation among neighbors.
Fig. 5 in Ethological Aspects Of Biodiversity Within And Between Phylloscopus Species: Behavioral Variation Among Birds From The Centre And Periphery Of Breeding Ranges
Fig. 5. Ratio of males of different statuses from the number of all the males tried to occupy territories in the study area in 2007 – 2014.
Fig. 6 in Ethological Aspects Of Biodiversity Within And Between Phylloscopus Species: Behavioral Variation Among Birds From The Centre And Periphery Of Breeding Ranges
Fig. 6. Change of places of singing (1, 2, etc.) during a season in Wood Warblers. Examples for some different controlled males are indicated by the lines of different types (2007 – 2014).
Fig. 1 in Ethological Aspects Of Biodiversity Within And Between Phylloscopus Species: Behavioral Variation Among Birds From The Centre And Periphery Of Breeding Ranges
Fig. 1. Population densities of the Leaf Warblers in the study area at different stages of reproductive seasons of 2007 – 2014.
Fig. 2 in Ethological Aspects Of Biodiversity Within And Between Phylloscopus Species: Behavioral Variation Among Birds From The Centre And Periphery Of Breeding Ranges
Fig. 2. The overlapping of projections of Chiffchaff territories ('maximum-territories' according to the point mapping method) and the real segregating of the territorial rooms in space: a scheme.
Fig. 4 in Temporal variation in the behavior of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Lycastrirhyncha nitens (Diptera: Syrphidae) on Pontederia sagittata (Commelinales: Pontederiaceae) inflorescences in relation to nectar availability
Fig. 4. Mean (± 95 % CI) standing crop of floral nectar on inflorescences of three floral morphs of Pontederia sagittata during daily periods of video-recording.
Fig. 3 in Temporal variation in the behavior of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Lycastrirhyncha nitens (Diptera: Syrphidae) on Pontederia sagittata (Commelinales: Pontederiaceae) inflorescences in relation to nectar availability
Fig. 3. Mean (± 95 % CI) number and duration of the foraging events recorded by Apis mellifera (A, B) and Lycastrirhyncha nitens (C, D) on inflorescences of L (black circle), M (gray circle) and S (white circle) morphs of Pontederia sagittata during daily periods of video-recording.
Fig. 2 in Temporal variation in the behavior of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Lycastrirhyncha nitens (Diptera: Syrphidae) on Pontederia sagittata (Commelinales: Pontederiaceae) inflorescences in relation to nectar availability
Fig. 2. Total activity time (± 95 % CI) of Apis mellifera and Lycastrirhyncha nites on inflorescences of L (black circle), M (gray circle) and S (white circle) morphs of Pontederia sagittata during daily periods of video-recording.
Fig. 1 in Temporal variation in the behavior of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Lycastrirhyncha nitens (Diptera: Syrphidae) on Pontederia sagittata (Commelinales: Pontederiaceae) inflorescences in relation to nectar availability
Fig. 1. Position of styles and stamens and differences in pollen size in the three floral morphs of Pontederia sp. a) long-styled [L], b) mid-styled [M] and c) shortstyled [S] (Zomlefer 1994). Legitimate pollinations are indicated by arrows.
Fig. 11 in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 11. Wallaceophis gujaratensis with two distinct lateral stripes, from Saldi village, Amerli district, Gujarat. Photo credit Bhavesh Trivedi.
Fig. 5. Individual B in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 5. Individual B, both sides eight supralabials, fourth and fifth in contact with eye, and second and third supralabials in contact with loreal scale. (A) Left side. (B) Right side. (C) Live individual with same scalation. Photo credit Dikansh S. Parmar.
Fig. 4. Individual C in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 4. Individual C, both sides nine supralabials, fifth and sixth supralabials in contact with eye, and second, third, and fourth supralabials in contact with loreal scale. (A) Left side. (B) Right side. Photo credit Dikansh S. Parmar.
Fig. 3. Individual A in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 3. Individual A, both sides nine supralabials, fifth and sixth supralabials in contact with eye, and second, third, and fourth supralabials in contact with loreal scale. (A) Left side. (B) Right side. Photo credit Dikansh S. Parmar.
Fig. 1 in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 1. Two colors of Coronella brachyura. (A) Black color. (B) Brown color. Photo credit Dikansh S. Parmar.
Fig. 2 in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 2. (A) Male individual found in road kill. (B) Close up of its hemipenis. Photo credit Dikansh S. Parmar.
Fig. 9 in Description of head scalation variation, hemipenis, reproduction, and behavior of the Indian Smooth Snake, Coronella brachyura (Günther 1866)
Fig. 9. Distribution shown in map in all four states of India along with Tropic of Cancer, Narmada and Tapi rivers. Distribution and localities shown separately in Gujarat state, Surat and Tapi districts. Map prepared by Nitin Patel and Smita Ramkumar.
Figure 5 in Predator exposure and size-related variation in web-building and web-decorating behavior in Argiope appensa
Figure 5. Frequency distribution of cruciate-patterned web decorations from spiders in Rota and Guam. Stacks represent size class of spiders.
Figure 1 in Predator exposure and size-related variation in web-building and web-decorating behavior in Argiope appensa
Figure 1. Web decoration in A. appensa: (A) close-up of web decoration; (B) linear/ diagonal pattern; (C) cruciate pattern.
Figure 3 in Predator exposure and size-related variation in web-building and web-decorating behavior in Argiope appensa
Figure 3. Variation in web-building behavior in A. appensa between locations and between spider size class categories, (A) web diameter, SNK: small <medium <large; and (B) web decoration length, SNK: small = medium <large. Dashed lines represent the mean for each location with all the size classes pooled.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.