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30 results for “Belemnites”
Fig. 5. A in Non-destructive analysis of pathological belemnite rostra by micro-CT techniques
Fig. 5. A. Rostrum of belemnite Gonioteuthis sp., RUB-Pal 11301, Campanian, Höver (NW-Germany) with forma aegra clavata (coll. L. Kaecke). Surface images showing no irregularities except for silification rings (A1–A3). Longitudinal section showing a homogenous internal rostrum with a dark layer along its outer margin (silica) (A4). Volume rendering image shows a darker centre due to the maximum thickness of the structure but no additional features (A5). Detail of the rostrum surface showing silification rings (A6). Cross section with a homogeneous centre and a dark margin (A7). B. Rostrum of belemnite Hibolithes jaculoides Swinnerton, 1937, RUB-Pal 11303, Hauterivian, Resse (NW-Germany) with forma aegra clavata (coll. U. Frerichs). Surface images showing the overall irregular rostrum morphology and the blunt and hollow apex in lateral (B1, B2), ventral (B3), and dorsal (B4), apical (B7) views. Longitudinal sections (central, subcentral) showing the broken juvenile rostrum, parts of the preserved phragmocone, and notable the lack of the apical line after the injury took place, note the irregular outline of the hollow central canal (B5, B6). Cross section with the juvenile rostrum, and subsequently deposited homogeneous material, white areas indicate the presence of pyrite (B8).
Fig. 3. A in Non-destructive analysis of pathological belemnite rostra by micro-CT techniques
Fig. 3. A. Rostrum of belemnite Neoclavibelus subclavatus (Voltz, 1830), SNSB-BSPG-83264, Toarcian, Mistelgau (SW-Germany) with forma aegra bullata (coll. H. Keupp). Surface images showing the bump-shaped irregular rostrum growth (A1–A4); longitudinal sections showing presence of sediment (diffuse grey) and pyrite (white) within the rostrum, and increasing irregular growth increments (A5, A6). B. Rostrum of belemnite Belemnitella sp., RE 551.763.333 A 5238, Late Cretaceous, NW-Germany with forma aegra bullata (coll. Baschin). Surface images showing the bump-shaped irregular rostrum growth and imprints of an organic network on the rostrum surface in dorsolateral (B1, B2) and ventrolateral (B3, B4) views; longitudinal sections (B5, B6), and cross section (B7). B5–B7 showing silification (black) along the rostrum surface but also along the malformed area.
Fig. 7. A in Non-destructive analysis of pathological belemnite rostra by micro-CT techniques
Fig. 7. A. Rostrum of belemnite Gonioteuthis sp., SNSB-BSPG-83370, Campanian, Höver (NW-Germany) with forma aegra hamata (coll. H. Keupp, leg. C. Spaeth). Surface images showing the knee-like strongly bent and irregular morphology of the rostrum (A1–A4). Median section showing the irregular internal silification of the rostrum indicating poorly mineralized areas, growth and apical line partially visible (A5). Volume rendering image with the darkest areas represented by the thickest or densest areas (A6). B. Rostrum of belemnite Pseudobelus sp., RUB-Pal 3196, Valanginian, Barret-Meouge (France) with forma aegra hamata (coll. M.-C. Picollier). Surface images showing the strongly bent and irregular morphology of the rostrum with the apex growth in anterior direction (B3–B6). Median section overview and close up showing growth increments and the presence of pyrite along the apical line (white) (B1, B7, B8). Cross section showing four growth center representing a temporal sequence (B2).
Fig. 6 in Non-destructive analysis of pathological belemnite rostra by micro-CT techniques
Fig. 6. Rostra of belemnite Gonioteuthis spp. A. RUB-Pal 11302, Campanian, Höver (NW-Germany) with forma aegra angulata (coll. U Frerichs). Surface images showing the knee-like morphology of the rostrum, and the attachment-base of an oyster, in lateral (A1, A4), dorsal (A2), and ventral (A4) views; note the weak furrows in A3. Median sections perpendicular to each other showing silicified areas (darker) and the broken phragmocone now filled with sediment, no additional internal feature visible (A5, A6). B. SNSB-BSPG-83246, Campanian, Höver (NW-Germany) with forma aegra angulata (coll. H. Keupp, leg. C. Spaeth). Surface images showing the knee-like morphology of the rostrum, in ventral (B1), lateral (B2, B4), and dorsal (B5) views. Cross section (B3). Median sections showing silicified areas specifically at places heavily bent (darker) (B6, B7); see also A5, A6 for the same phenomenon. Black box indicates close up in B7, showing the broken juvenile rostrum with growth increment (forma aegra clavata), and the phragmocone partially filled with pyrite (white).
Fig. 1 in Non-destructive analysis of pathological belemnite rostra by micro-CT techniques
Fig. 1. Rostrum of belemnite?Acrocoelites sp., PIMUZ 37346, Toarcian, Altdorf (SW-Germany) with forma aegra saepia (leg. M. Weissmüller). A. Overview A1, A2). B. Close-up of the two apices, showing the radial furrows covering the apex that represent the "normal" tip of the rostrum (B1–B5).
FIGURE 3 in Bayesian inference reveals a complex evolutionary history of belemnites
FIGURE 3. Cladogram showing the here suggested systematics of the Belemnitida based on the Bayesian tip-dated analysis. Sketches show the general outer morphological features of a typical representative of the groups in either dorsal (d), ventral (v), or lateral (l) view.
FIGURE 2 in Bayesian inference reveals a complex evolutionary history of belemnites
FIGURE 2. Maximum clade credibility tree of the Bayesian tip-dated analysis. Numbers at nodes represent posterior probability, while the blue bars indicate the 95% highest posterior density interval of the divergence time estimates. The small black dot represents the constrained clade. Tips with zero-length branches represent sampled ancestors.
Mechanisms and drivers of belemnite body-size dynamics across the Pliensbachian-Toarcian crisis
<p>Supplementary material of the manuscript Rita et al., <em>Mechanisms and drivers of belemnite body-size dynamics across the Pliensbachian-Toarcian </em><em>crisis</em>, submited to Open Science Royal Society.</p> <p>Set of .ply files of CT scans of belemnite rostra. The first 27 files correspond to bed P925; the next 5 files correspond to P949; the next 18 correspond to P961; the next 5 correspond to P976; the next 38 specimens correspond to bed P982 and the last 35 files correspond to bed P984. The number of each file is the specimen number, as listed in the supplementary material of the article. For details on the scanning details or on the age of the specimens, please see the supplementary material of the article.</p> <p> </p> <p>The supplementary figures ("supplementary figures_ESM8.docx" file) and tables ("supplementary tables.xlsx" file) and the R script used for the statistical analysis ("supplement_rscript.docx" file) are also provided. </p> <p>For more details contact patricia.rita@fau.de.</p>
Fig. 5 in Lower Turonian record of belemnite Praeactinocamax from NW Siberia and its palaeogeographic significance
Fig. 5. Palaeogeographic map of the Northern hemisphere (North pole projection). A. Turonian. B. Maastrichtian. Asterisked is locality Lower Agapa River under this study; arrows indicate the position of Turgai Channel; grey are lands, white are seas and oceans.
Fig. 3 in Lower Turonian record of belemnite Praeactinocamax from NW Siberia and its palaeogeographic significance
Fig. 3. The alveolar fracture (alveolar end) reconstruction of Praeactinocamax aff. plenus with the position of phragmocone. A. Morphotype A, specimen MSU 3025−3/1 with low cone−shaped fracture, in ventral (A1) and lateral (A2) views. B. Morphotype B, specimen MSU 3025−3/2 with a very shallow pseudoalveolus with a pit in the centre, in ventral (B1) and lateral (B2) views.
Fig. 2 in Lower Turonian record of belemnite Praeactinocamax from NW Siberia and its palaeogeographic significance
Fig. 2. Two morphotypes Praeactinocamax aff. plenus. Schematic sketches of morphotype A (A) in direct comparison with morphotype B (B) from Kazakhstan (Upper Cenomanian). Lateral sections of rostra showing alveolar end of morphotype A (C, specimen IGP KK8/15) and morphotype B (D, specimen IGP 170/11).
Fig. 1. A in Lower Turonian record of belemnite Praeactinocamax from NW Siberia and its palaeogeographic significance
Fig. 1. A. The geographic position of the North Siberian Upper Cretaceous belemnite locality at the Agapa River (Taimyr Peninsula). B. Schematic sketch of the exposed section at the find locality. Belemnite levels are indicated, for more details see text.
Fig. 3 in Extremely Rare Turonian Belemnites from the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin and Their Palaeogeographical Importance
Fig. 3. Palaeogeographic map of the Northern hemisphere (North pole projection). 1, Cenomanian belemnitellid radiation centre (Russian Platform); 2, Lower Turonian records (Agapa river, northwest Siberia); 3, North American Middle Turonian records; 4, Upper Turonian record from Greenland; 5, Upper Turonian records from the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin, Germany and south Sweden. Dashed line indicates palaeobiogeographic barrier during the latest Cenomanian through early Coniacian. Dots indicate the possible migration pathway; grey are land areas during the Late Cretaceous, white are seas and oceans. Modified after Košťák and Wiese (2006, 2008).
Fig. 4. New Upper Turonian belemnite specimens from the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. A–E in Extremely Rare Turonian Belemnites from the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin and Their Palaeogeographical Importance
Fig. 4. New Upper Turonian belemnite specimens from the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. A–E. Praeactinocamax bohemicus (Stolley) A. IGP_Upo2009/5 in lateral (A1) and central (A2) views. B. IGP_Upo2009/3 in lateral (B1), ventral (B2), dorsal (B3) views, and alveolar end (B4). C. IGP_Upo2009/2 in ventral (C1), dorsal (C2), and lateral (C3) views, alveolar end (C4). D. IGP_Upo2009/1 in ventral (D1), lateral (D2), and dorsal (D3) views, alveolar end (D4). E. IGP_Upo2009/4 in ventral view (E1), alveolar end (E2). F. Praeactinocamax cf. strehlensis, IGP_Upo2009/8 in ventral (F1), dorsal (F2), and lateral (F3) views, pseudoalveolus (F4). Scale bars 10 mm.
Fig. 3 in Fusiteuthis polonica, a rare and unusual belemnite from the Maastrichtian
Fig. 3. Stratigraphical diagram, showing the range of Fusiteuthis Kongiel on the north European belemnite zonal scale. This scale was critically assessed by Christensen (1996), who noted that the Early Maastrichtian Belemnella zones are either interval or total range zones. Moreover, he showed that the base of the B. kazimiroviensis Zone is highly diachronous and becomes progressively younger from the eastern part of the Russian Platform in the east to the Netherlands in the west. The zone is Late Maastrichtian in the east, late Late Maastrichtian in Denmark and latest Maastrichtian in the Netherlands.
Fig. 2. Fusiteuthis polonica Kongiel, 1962. A in Fusiteuthis polonica, a rare and unusual belemnite from the Maastrichtian
Fig. 2. Fusiteuthis polonica Kongiel, 1962. A. Holotype MZ VIII Med 162 in dorsal (A1), lateral (A2), ventral (A3) views, and view of the ventral anterior end of the guard, showing the ventral fissure (A4), approximately × 5. B. MGUH 26406, "Saturn" chalk pit at Kronsmoor, uppermost part of the Belemnella lanceolata Zone, ca. 3.5 m below marker horizon G 610 in dorsal (B1), lateral (B2), ventral (B3) views, and view of the ventral anterior end of the guard, showing the ventral fissure (B4), × 4. MGUH 26406 is registered in the Type Collection of the GeologicalMuseum,UniversityofCopenhagen.Allfiguresarecoatedwith ammonium chloride and are natural size unless otherwise stated.
Fig. 1 in Fusiteuthis polonica, a rare and unusual belemnite from the Maastrichtian
Fig. 1. Dots show the geographical occurrences of the Maastrichtian belemnitellid genus Fusiteuthis Kongiel.
Data from: Ups and downs of belemnite diversity in the Early Jurassic of Western Tethys
Although belemnites form a major clade of extinct cephalopods, the early stage of their diversification remains poorly known in time and space. Here we investigate the first diversification episodes of belemnites (order Belemnitida) using a new species-level database encompassing the Hettangian-Aalenian interval (Early Jurassic-earliest Middle Jurassic) and covering the Western Tethys. Rarefied richness shows a four-fold increase from the Planorbis chronozone to the Ibex chronozone, a strong decrease between the Margaritatus and Spinatum chronozones, followed by a drop in the Spinatum-Serpentinum interval that is coeval with the second-order Toarcian biological crisis. The Bifrons chronozone records a high richness that departs significantly from those of the surrounding chronozones. A last richness peak in the Dispansum chronozone precedes a decrease towards the Aalenian. Biogeographic analyses do not reveal any clear large-scale provincialism for belemnites, in sharp contrast with ammonoids. Such a long-term homogeneous spatial distribution of belemnites is probably due to: (1) the relatively poorly-documented fossil record of belemnites, especially in Mediterranean localities and (2) contrasted dispersal abilities of belemnites compared to ammonoids over the studied time interval.
Belemnite indet.
Especie: Belemnite indet. Edad: Jurásico Medio, Calloviense (166 Millones de años) Localidad: Oxford Clay Formation, Northamptonshire (UK). Descripción: Restro directo de un rostro de un ejemplar de Belemnite. Ejemplar preservado en calcita de uno 22 cm de longitud. Colección: Ejemplar de la Colección de Prácticas de Paleontología, Departamento de Botánica y Geología (Universitat de Valencia) Modelo generado con el escáner de luz estructurada Shining 3D Einscan-Pro Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Belemnite indet.
Especie: Belemnite indet. Edad: Jurásico Medio, Calloviense (166 Millones de años) Localidad: Oxford Clay Formation, Northamptonshire (UK). Descripción: Restro directo de un rostro de un ejemplar de Belemnite. En superficie se aprecian restos de organismos incrustantes, como serpulidos, bivalvos incrustantes y evidencias claras de bioerosion con multiples perforaciones y marcas. Todo ellos evidencia una etapa biostratinomica largar previa al enterramiento. Ejemplar de uno 29.5 cm de longitud. Colección: Ejemplar de la Colección de Prácticas de Paleontología, Departamento de Botánica y Geología (Universitat de Valencia) Modelo generado con el escáner de luz estructurada Shining 3D Einscan-Pro Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
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