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762 results for “Belgium”
Occurrence cubes for non-native taxa in Belgium and Europe
<p>This package contains aggregated occurrence data ("occurrence cubes") for non-native taxa in Belgium and Europe. These occurrence cubes were generated by grouping species occurrence data from the <a href="https://www.gbif.org/">Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)</a> by year (year), 1x1km spatial <a href="https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/datahub/datahubitem-view/3c362237-daa4-45e2-8c16-aaadfb1a003b">EEA reference grid</a> cell (eea_cell_code) and taxon (taxonKey or classKey). For each grouping, the number of occurrences found in GBIF (n) and the minimum <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/coordinateUncertaintyInMeters">coordinateUncertaintyInMeters</a> (min_coord_uncertainty) are provided. The provided coordinateUncertaintyInMeters of an occurrence is taken into account when assigning it to a grid cell (see <a href="https://github.com/trias-project/occ-cube-alien/blob/20201201/src/europe/2_assign_grid.Rmd#L463-L481">this code</a>). The occurrence cubes have been used as input data for indicators and risk modelling/mapping for the <a href="http://trias-project.be/">Tracking Invasive Alien Species (TrIAS)</a> project and are now used for monitoring the effectiveness of the early detection and rapid eradication of emerging Invasive Alien Species (IAS) for the <a href="https://www.riparias.be/">LIFE RIPARIAS</a> project.</p> <p>The occurrence cubes are built on open science principles and intended to be completely reproducible:</p> <ul> <li>The input data are publicly available on GBIF, with the download DOIs listed in the related identifiers of this package.</li> <li>The code to process the data to cubes is publicly available on GitHub at <a href="https://github.com/trias-project/occ-cube-alien">https://github.com/trias-project/occ-cube-alien</a> (version <a href="https://github.com/trias-project/occ-cube-alien/releases/tag/20240118">20240118</a>).</li> </ul> <h2>Files</h2> <ul> <li><strong>be_alientaxa_cube.csv</strong>: occurrence cube of alien taxa listed by the Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species - Belgium (Desmet et al. 2019) (GRIIS) and limited to occurrences in Belgium (country=BE).</li> <li><strong>be_alientaxa_info.csv</strong>: taxonomic information for taxa in be_alientaxa_cube.csv.</li> <li><strong>be_classes_cube.csv</strong>: occurrence cube of all <a href="http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/class">classes</a> found in Belgium (country=BE), used to assess sampling effort bias in be_alientaxa_cube.csv.</li> <li><strong>eu_modellingtaxa_cube.csv</strong>: occurrence cube of <a href="https://github.com/trias-project/occ-cube-alien/blob/2ada0ded33c034946380b02a28cb9a8d2884d54a/references/modelling_species.tsv">selected modelling species</a> in Europe (bounding box).</li> <li><strong>eu_modellingtaxa_info.csv</strong>: taxonomic information for taxa in eu_modellingtaxa_cube.csv.</li> </ul> <h2>Acknowledgements</h2> <p>This work has been funded under the Belgian Science Policies Brain program (BelSPO BR/165/A1/TrIAS), the European Union's LIFE program (LIFE19 NAT/BE/000953 - LIFE RIPARIAS) and the European Union's Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme (ID No 101059592 - Biodiversity Building Blocks for Policy).</p>
Ash dieback mortality and damage at the Botanic Garden Meise, Belgium
<p>Four 10m × 10m plots were laid out in the naturally regenerating woodland at the Botanic Garden Meise (WGS84: 50° 55ʹ 37ʺ N, 4° 19ʹ 18ʺ E; 50° 55ʹ 37ʺ N, 4° 19ʹ 17ʺ E; 50° 55' 38.6" N 4° 19ʹ 21ʺ E; 50° 55ʹ 39ʺ N, 4° 19ʹ 29ʺ E). They were selected because the areas contained a large number of ash saplings. Within these plots all ash seedlings greater than 40 cm tall were labelled with a small (2 cm × 4 cm) plastic tag attached with stretchable plant tie. Each tag was engraved with a unique number so that the tree could be identified. These plots were not intended to be replicates but just a convenient method of refinding the tagged trees. In the first year either the height or the girth of the tree was measured with a tape measure, depending upon whether the tree was small enough to measure the height. In the first year and each subsequent year each tree was scored for the apparent damage caused by ash dieback (<em>Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus</em>). The same scoring scheme was used as that by Pliūra et al. (2011). This is a 5 point system where 1 is a dead tree; 5 is an undamaged tree and 2–4 are progressively less damaged trees. The plots were laid out on 14 April 2013. In 2014 plots 1 and 2 were scored on 14th April and plots 3 and 4 on 21st April. In 2015 plots 1 and 2 were scored on 6th May and plots 3 and 4 on 30th April.</p>
NICHE Flanders: reference values for the (a)biotic requirements of vegetation types in Flanders, Belgium
<p>This dataset contains site requirements/tolerance limits (or "reference values") for 28 vegetation types found in Flanders. It gives the lower and upper limits or the classes within which these vegetation types can occur, for 7 site factors that determine potential vegetation development. These reference values can be used to determine the potential distribution of the different vegetation types with the ecohydrological model NICHE Flanders (<a href="https://purews.inbo.be/ws/portalfiles/portal/5370206/Callebaut_etal_2007_NicheVlaanderen.pdf">Callebaut et al. 2007</a>, in Dutch).</p> <p>See the Technical info (available in English and Dutch) for more information.</p>
CoMix social contact data (Belgium )
<p>CoMix social contact data for Belgium, collected within the EpiPose project.<br> <br> Change log (V2):<br> - Validation of participants</p> <p>Change log (V3):<br> - Added data up to wave 43<br> <br> Change log (V5):<br> - Removal of duplicated file</p>
Crop and soil measurements of quinoa in Morocco and Belgium (SALAD project)
<p>Crop and soil measurements of quinoa used to calibrate the SWAP-WOFOST model for the SALAD project (https://www.saline-agriculture.com/en).</p> <p>The data were collected from two locations:</p> <p>1) Laayoune, Southern Morocco: ICBA-Q5 quinoa variety, grown in 2021 under irrigation with saline water at levels of 4, 12, and 20 dS/m (https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1143170)</p> <p><br>2) Merelbeke, Belgium: Bastille quinoa variety, grown in 2018, 2019, 2022, and 2023 under rainfed and non-saline conditions (https://www.quinoalokaal.be/nl/, https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10122689, https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030265)</p> <p> </p>
Data from 'Tracability of Forest Reproductive Material with the quality label 'Plant van Hier': A DNA database with genetic profiles of native autochthonous tree and shrub species of Flanders, Belgium'
<h2>Background</h2> <p>Indigenous trees and shrubs play an important role in multifunctional forest management. They form a significant part of the biodiversity in our forests. Forest reproductive material (FRM) of autochthonous Flemish origin is sold under the quality label ‘Plant van Hier’, a certification mark of the Agency for Nature and Forests. To ensure the provenance of the seedlings, we developed a DNA-database of genetic profiles of potential parent trees, using species-specific genetic markers. This database enables the traceability of FRM of the ‘Plant van Hier’ label throughout the entire production chain; from seed harvesting and cultivation to planting by the end user.</p> <p>This database contains the genetic profiles of almost all possible parent trees present within 27 Flemish autochthonous seed orchards of eight ecologically important tree and shrub species: <em>Carpinus betulus</em>, <em>Corylus avellana</em>, <em>Frangula alnus</em>, <em>Populus tremula</em>, <em>Sorbus aucuparia</em>, <em>Tilia cordata</em>, <em>Tilia platyphyllos,</em> and <em>Ulmus laevis</em>. The profiles were established using microsatellite markers (11 to 24 markers per species). New genetic markers were developed for <em>Carpinus betulus</em> and <em>Ulmus laevis</em>. PCR products were run on an ABI 3500 Genetic Analyser (Thermo Fisher Scientific).</p> <h2>Files</h2> <p>The files will be updated when new genotypes are added to the seed orchards. The current data files contain data from genotypes collected in the period 2018-2023. </p> <h3>Species_genotypes</h3> <p>These files contain the genetic fingerprints of the parent trees of autochthonous Flemish seed orchards. Missing data is indicated as ‘MD’. For <em>Carpinus betulus</em>, an octoploid species, the allelic phenotype is given instead of the genotype as the number of times that an allele occurs on a specific locus is not known.</p> <p>The next metadata is additionally given:<br>- Species: the Latin name of the species<br>- Seed_orchard: the name of the seed orchard in which the genotypes are located<br>- Code_seed_orchard: the code of the seed orchard in which the genotypes are located as given in the Register of Flemish Forest Reproductive Material (‘Register bosbouwkundig uitgangsmateriaal’; inbo.be)<br>- Genotype: the fieldname given to the genotype<br>- Origin: the location where the genotype was collected in Flanders, Belgium. Genotypes were collected from natural stands which are assumed to have an autochthonous origin. When the specific location is unknown, the location ‘Flanders’ is given. <br>- Year_sampled: the year in which the genotypes were sampled in the respective seed orchard for genetic analysis.</p> <h3>Species_binsets</h3> <p>These files contain the binsets and allele names that are used to score the alleles of the genotypes in the programme Geneious Prime 2019.3.2 (<a href="https://www.geneious.com">https://www.geneious.com</a>). For <em>Tilia platyphyllos </em>and <em>Tilia cordata</em>, the same binsets were used.</p>
MALDI MS data and metadata from "A biocodicological analysis of the medieval library and archive from Orval Abbey, Belgium"
<p>See <a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210210">Ruffini-Ronzani et al</a>.</p>
shallowgroundwater: estimated zones with shallow groundwater in the Flemish region of Belgium
<p><strong>General</strong></p> <p>The data source <code>shallowgroundwater</code> is a geospatial dataset of multipolygons that represent the estimated areas, in the Flemish region of Belgium, where the mean lowest groundwater level (MLW; Knotters & Van Walsum, 1997; Van Heesen, 1970) is less than approximately 2 m below soil surface (hence, “shallow” groundwater). We expect groundwater dependent species and communities to be present within these areas. Outside these areas we assume they are groundwater independent. We combined several data sources in order to estimate these areas.</p> <p><strong>Compilation of the data source</strong></p> <p>We compiled the dataset through an iterative process of adding specific data sources (referred in the description of attributes below), followed by validation steps based on both the actual presence of groundwater dependent habitat types or regionally important biotopes (Natura 2000 habitat map) and in situ measurements of groundwater levels (<a href="http://data.inbo.be/watina/Pages/Common/Default.aspx">Watina+</a> database). The coverage of these validation data by <code>shallowgroundwater</code> was 96.9% and 98.6% respectively.</p> <p>Most steps to compile the data source were done manually using QGIS. Final steps were done in R; see R-code in the GitHub repository <a href="https://github.com/inbo/n2khab-preprocessing/tree/1b004e1/src/update_shallowgroundwater">'n2khab-preprocessing' at commit 1b004e1</a>.</p> <p><strong>Detailed properties</strong></p> <p>The data source is a GeoPackage with a single spatial multipolygon layer <code>shallowgroundwater</code> in the ‘Belge 1972 / Belgian Lambert 72’ coordinate reference system (EPSG-code <a href="https://epsg.io/31370">31370</a>).</p> <p>All attributes are boolean (true/false), each indicating if a polygon was selected from the corresponding data source by applying a set of criteria. Multiple attributes can be true for a given polygon. In order to reduce file size, polygons were dissolved by each unique combination of the values of all attributes. Hence the dataset consists of multipolygons (also multipart polygons) rather than single (part) polygons. The different attributes of this dataset reveal for each polygon (1) the data source(s) we relied on and (2) the selection criteria we applied to judge if the mean lowest groundwater level is less than approximately 2 m below soil surface. As far as possible, we reference each used data source in the description of attributes below. If one is interested in the original polygons of each datasource, selections can be made by consulting the referenced data sources and applying the specified criteria.</p> <p>These are the attributes:</p> <ul> <li> <p><code>geomorph_wcoast</code>:</p> <ul> <li> <p>source: Cosyns et al. (2019)</p> </li> <li> <p>description: polygon belonging to geomorphological entities that are expected to harbour groundwater dependent types, and thus to exhibit shallow groundwater levels. It mainly concerns dune slacks, mud flats and salt marshes.</p> </li> <li> <p>selection: <code>"Code" IN ('ms', 'msl', 'sm', 'ss', 'ys', 'ysl', 'yfs') OR ("Code" = 't' and "Subtype" like '%vlakte%')</code> with ms = medium old dune slack, msl = leveled medium old dune slack, sm = mud flat, ss = salt marsh, ys = young dune slack, ysl = leveled young dune slack, yfs = young frontal dune (intruded), (<code>"Code" = 't' AND "Subtype" like '%vlakte%'</code>) = fossil beach</p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><code>anthrop_gwdep:</code></p> <ul> <li> <p>source: <code>soilmap_simple</code> (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3732903">10.5281/zenodo.3732903</a>) as derived from the <a href="https://www.dov.vlaanderen.be/geonetwork/srv/dut/catalog.search#/metadata/5c129f2d-4498-4bc3-8860-01cb2d513f8f">digital soil map of the Flemish Region</a> (version <code>soilmap_2017-06-20</code>; <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3387008">10.5281/zenodo.3387008</a>); <code>habitatmap_terr</code> (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3468948">10.5281/zenodo.3468948</a>) as derived from the Natura 2000 habitat map of Flanders (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3354381">10.5281/zenodo.3354381</a>)</p> </li> <li> <p>description: zones located within a 100 m buffer around (almost) everywhere groundwater dependent habitat types (or regionally important biotopes) ánd situated within zones classified as “anthropogenic” areas within the soil map. Within the zones of the soil map that are designated as “anthropogenic”, we lack information on soil characteristics. However, (almost) everywhere groundwater dependent types are present in these zones according to the Natura 2000 habitat map of Flanders, implying shallow groundwater levels. By including 100 m buffer zones around these types, restricted to the anthropogenic zones of the soil map, we consider the combined areas to have (potentially) shallow groundwater levels. So in practice, we first select the habitatmap polygons with (almost) everywhere groundwater dependent types that intersect the anthropogenic soil polygons, we buffer them, and then clip the result by the anthropogenic soil polygons.</p> </li> <li> <p>selection: see <a href="https://github.com/inbo/n2khab-preprocessing/pull/61">https://github.com/inbo/n2khab-preprocessing/pull/61</a> for the adopted workflow</p> <ul> <li> <p>from <code>soilmap_simple</code>: <code>bsm_mo_soilunitype starts with 'O'</code></p> </li> <li> <p>from <code>habitatmap_terr</code>: (almost) everywhere groundwater dependent types only; list of this category of types is available through <a href="https://inbo.github.io/n2khab">n2khab</a> R-package.</p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><code>narrowanthrop_gwdep</code>:</p> <ul> <li> <p>source: <code>soilmap_simple</code> (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3732903">10.5281/zenodo.3732903</a>) as derived from the <a href="https://www.dov.vlaanderen.be/geonetwork/srv/dut/catalog.search#/metadata/5c129f2d-4498-4bc3-8860-01cb2d513f8f">digital soil map of the Flemish Region</a> (version <code>soilmap_2017-06-20</code>; <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3387008">10.5281/zenodo.3387008</a>); <code>habitatmap_terr</code> (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3468948">10.5281/zenodo.3468948</a>) as derived from the Natura 2000 habitat map of Flanders (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3354381">10.5281/zenodo.3354381</a>)</p> </li> <li> <p>description: narrow zones classified as “anthropogenic” areas within the soil map that include (almost) everywhere groundwater dependent habitat types (or regionally important biotopes). Regarding the anthropogenic soil type polygons, it appears that the narrow ones containing (almost) everywhere groundwater dependent types are interesting to include as a whole as zones with supposed shallow groundwater levels. Hence we select them as a whole instead of selecting buffers around the polygons with (almost) everywhere groundwater dependent types (cfr. <code>anthrop_gwdep</code> and <code>dunes_gwdep</code>). An appropriate algorithm selects meaningful polygons, based on a “thinness” criterion and the fraction of (almost) everywhere groundwater dependent types that are present within the polygons.</p> </li> <li> <p>selection: see https://github.com/inbo/n2khab-preprocessing/pull/61</p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><code>drainage</code>:</p> <ul> <li> <p>source: <code>soilmap_simple</code> (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3732903">10.5281/zenodo.3732903</a>) as derived from the <a href="https://www.dov.vlaanderen.be/geonetwork/srv/dut/catalog.search#/metadata/5c129f2d-4498-4bc3-8860-01cb2d513f8f">digital soil map of the Flemish Region</a> (version <code>soilmap_2017-06-20</code>; <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3387008">10.5281/zenodo.3387008</a>)</p> </li> <li> <p>description: Drainage classification is based on a combination of groundwater depth, soil permeability, presence of impermeable layers, soil depth and topography (see Van Ranst & Sys, 2000). </p> </li> <li> <p>selection: <code>bsm_mo_drain in ('c-d', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'e-f', 'e-i', 'h-i')</code>; these are soils that are at least moderately gleyic or wet. </p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><code>dunes_gwdep</code>:</p> <ul> <li> <p>source: <code>soilmap_simple</code> (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3732903">10.5281/zenodo.3732903</a>) as derived from the <a href="https://www.dov.vlaanderen.be/geonetwork/srv/dut/catalog.search#/metadata/5c129f2d-4498-4bc3-8860-01cb2d513f8f">digital soil map of the Flemish Region</a> (version <code>soilmap_2017-06-20</code>; <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3387008">10.5281/zenodo.3387008</a>); <code>habitatmap_terr</code> (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3468948">10.5281/zenodo.3468948</a>) as derived from the Natura 2000 habitat map of Flanders (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3354381">10.5281/zenodo.3354381</a>)</p> </li> <li> <p>description: zones located within a 100 m buffer around (almost) everywhere groundwater dependent habitat types (or regionally important biotopes) ánd situated within zones classified as “dunes” areas within the soil map. Within the zones of the Belgian soil map that are designated as “dunes”, we lack information on soil characteristics. However, (almost) everywhere groundwater dependent types are present in these zones according to the Natura 2000 habitat map of Flanders, implying shallow groundwater levels. By including 100 m buffer zones around these types, restricted to the “dunes” of the soil map, we consider the combined areas to have shallow groundwater levels. So in practice, we first select the habitatmap polygons with (almost) everywhere groundwater dependent types that intersect the “dunes” polygons, we buffer them, and then clip the result by the “dunes” polygons.</p> </li> <li> <p>selection: see https://github.com/inbo/n2khab-preprocessing/pull/61</p> <ul> <li> <p>from <code>soilmap_simple</code>: <code>bsm_mo_soilunitype = 'X'</code></p> </li> <li> <p>from <code>habitatmap_terr</code>: (almost) everywhere groundwater dependent types only; list of this category of types available through <a href="https://inbo.github.io/n2khab">n2khab</a> R-package.</p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><code>peat_profile</code>:</p> <ul> <li> <p>source: <code>soilmap_simple</code> (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3732903">10.5281/zenodo.3732903</a>) as derived from the <a href="https://www.dov.vlaanderen.be/geonetwork/srv/dut/catalog.search#/metadata/5c129f2d-4498-4bc3-8860-01cb2d513f8f">digital soil map of the Flemish Region</a> (version <code>soilmap_2017-06-20</code>; <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3387008">10.5281/zenodo.3387008</a>)</p> </li> <li> <p>description: variant of the soil profile indicates a superficial peaty cover, mostly on gleyic or permanently water saturated soil with or without profile development (‘(v)’), eventually combined with strong anthropogenic influence (‘(o)’)</p> </li> <li> <p>selection: <code>bsm_mo_profvar in ('(o)(v)', '(v)')</code></p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><code>peat_substr</code>:</p> <ul> <li> <p>source: <code>soilmap_simple</code> (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3732903">10.5281/zenodo.3732903</a>) as derived from the <a href="https://www.dov.vlaanderen.be/geonetwork/srv/dut/catalog.search#/metadata/5c129f2d-4498-4bc3-8860-01cb2d513f8f">digital soil map of the Flemish Region</a> (version <code>soilmap_2017-06-20</code>; <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3387008">10.5281/zenodo.3387008</a>)</p> </li> <li> <p>description: soil substrate (layer underlying superficial layer, and lithologically diverging from it) consists of peat material starting at small (less than 75 cm; ‘v’) or moderate depths (75-125 cm; ‘(v)’), or a combination of the previous (‘v-’)</p> </li> <li> <p>selection: <code>bsm_mo_substr in ('(v)', 'v', 'v-')</code></p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><code>peat_parentmat</code>:</p> <ul> <li> <p>source: <code>soilmap_simple</code> (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3732903">10.5281/zenodo.3732903</a>) as derived from the <a href="https://www.dov.vlaanderen.be/geonetwork/srv/dut/catalog.search#/metadata/5c129f2d-4498-4bc3-8860-01cb2d513f8f">digital soil map of the Flemish Region</a> (version <code>soilmap_2017-06-20</code>; <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3387008">10.5281/zenodo.3387008</a>)</p> </li> <li> <p>description: parent material contains a mixture of at least 30% of peaty material</p> </li> <li> <p>selection: <code>bsm_mo_parentmat = 'v'</code></p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><code>peat_texture</code>:</p> <ul> <li> <p>source: <code>soilmap_simple</code> (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3732903">10.5281/zenodo.3732903</a>) as derived from the <a href="https://www.dov.vlaanderen.be/geonetwork/srv/dut/catalog.search#/metadata/5c129f2d-4498-4bc3-8860-01cb2d513f8f">digital soil map of the Flemish Region</a> (version <code>soilmap_2017-06-20</code>; <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3387008">10.5281/zenodo.3387008</a>)</p> </li> <li> <p>description: soil consists of plain peat material </p> </li> <li> <p>selection: <code>bsm_mo_tex in ('V-E', 'V')</code></p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><code>phys_system</code>:</p> <ul> <li> <p>source: Fysische systeemkaart - Gegeneraliseerde bodemkaart voor Vlaanderen (<a href="https://www.geopunt.be/catalogus/datasetfolder/80a496cc-aa90-4ff9-8eb8-c89418f2407d">here</a> available at geopunt.be). Lhermitte & Honnay (1994).</p> </li> <li> <p>description: polygons designated as seepage areas where groundwater is supposed to gather after having infiltrated elsewhere (infiltration areas) and being transported through the landscape (passage areas). The classification of infiltration/passage/seepage areas is entirely based on the soil map polygons of Flanders (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3387008">10.5281/zenodo.3387008</a>). Each polygon is attributed to one of these classes by considering soil, topographical and hydrological characteristics. In the seepage areas, we consider the groundwater to be shallow below topography.</p> </li> <li> <p>selection: <code>INKWEL = 3</code></p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><code>zwin</code>:</p> <ul> <li> <p>source: Open Street Map, consulted 2021-10-06 by QGIS plugin QuickOSM</p> </li> <li> <p>description: the contour of the Zwin Nature Reserve in the most eastern part of the Flemish coastal area, as mapped in the Open Streep Map on 2021-10-06</p> </li> <li> <p>selection: <code>leisure = nature_reserve</code></p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><code>habitat_1130</code>:</p> <ul> <li> <p>source: Natura 2000 habitat map of Flanders (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3354381">10.5281/zenodo.3354381</a>)</p> </li> <li> <p>description: polygons located within estuaries (habitat type <code>1130</code>); these areas are located outside dike infrastructure and harbour several types that rely on tidal dynamics or brackish water, and at the same time are considered (almost) everywhere groundwater dependent, a.o. brackish pioneer habitats, salt marshes and meadows (habitat types <code>1310</code>, <code>1320</code>, <code>1330</code> resp.), reed beds (<code>6430_mr</code>, <code>rbbmr</code>) and riverine Salix forests and shrubs (<code>91E0_sf</code>, <code>rbbsf</code>).</p> </li> <li> <p>selection: <code>Hab1 = '1130' or Hab2 = '1130' or Hab3 = '1130' or Hab4 = '1130' or Hab5 = '1130'</code></p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><code>gwdepth_coast</code>:</p> <ul> <li> <p>source: interpolated groundwater level of point measurements along the Flemish coast, taken from the <a href="http://data.inbo.be/watina/Pages/Common/Default.aspx">WATINA database</a> of the Research Institute for Nature and Forest (<a href="https://www.vlaanderen.be/inbo/home/">INBO</a>)</p> </li> <li> <p>description: locations with estimated average lowest groundwater table less than 2.5 m below soil surface (shallow groundwater), based on interpolation of measured groundwater levels in areas along the Flemish coast with sufficient gauge densities; in these coarse sandy areas, groundwater levels are supposed to behave independently of topography, allowing simple interpolation among point measurements</p> </li> <li> <p>selection:</p> <ul> <li> <p>calculation of mean yearly spring groundwater level at each gauge (GVG; i.e. average of three groundwater head measurements in meter Ostend height, <a href="https://epsg.io/5710">EPSG:5710</a>, closest to 1st April, but with a minimum time lapse of 14 days, averaged over years)</p> </li> <li> <p>calculation of mean yearly amplitude of groundwater level at each gauge (i.e. difference between min and max water level per hydrological year, averaged over years)</p> </li> <li> <p>inverse distance weighted interpolation of both these datasets (IDW; factor 3, resolution 5 m) for areas with sufficient gauge densities</p> </li> <li> <p>calculation of relative GVG (depth below soil surface) by subtracting soil surface level (<a href="https://www.geopunt.be/catalogus/datasetfolder/f52b1a13-86bc-4b64-8256-88cc0d1a8735">Flemish DTM</a>) from GVG, both in meter Ostend height (EPSG:5710)</p> </li> <li> <p>subtract average amplitude from relative GVG as an estimate of lowest groundwater level (GLG)</p> </li> <li> <p>select locations with estimated <code>GLG >= -2.5</code> m located within the coastal dunes ecodistrict (see <a href="https://www.geopunt.be/catalogus/datasetfolder/58279e22-b9c0-4bcc-a774-95eb76208e7e">Flemish ecoregions and ecodistricts</a>)</p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><code>gwdepth_local</code>:</p> <ul> <li> <p>source: Batelaan et al. (2012)</p> </li> <li> <p>description: mean lowest groundwater level less than 2 m below soil surface (MLW) for the present day situation. The modelled area is a large military training site for which no information is available in the soil map of Flanders.</p> </li> <li> <p>selection: <code>GLG <= 2</code> m</p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><code>seepage</code>:</p> <ul> <li> <p>source: Batelaan & De Smedt (1994)</p> </li> <li> <p>description: area with modelled seepage fluxes of at least 0.8 mm/day. In these areas we inherently consider the groundwater level to be shallow. The extent of the regional groundwater model encompasses the valleys of the rivers Demer, Dijle en Nete in the central part of eastern Flanders</p> </li> <li> <p>selection: <code>gridcode >= 3</code></p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><code>peat_survey</code>:</p> <ul> <li> <p>source: peat pricks executed or compiled by the Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)</p> </li> <li> <p>layer with interpreted presence of peaty zones evaluated by simple measurements of the depth of plain and superficial peaty soil layers at regular intervals (about 20 m), sampled by manually stabbing the peaty layers with a simple stick until the underlying mineral layer is reached (i.e. resistance is felt). These measurements originate from localised inventories and are thus sporadically available only.</p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><code>duneslack</code>:</p> <ul> <li> <p>source: Provoost et al. (2020)</p> </li> <li> <p>description: polygons with dune slack vegetations along the Flemish coast that typically imply shallow groundwater levels. </p> </li> <li> <p>selection: see source</p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><br> A reading function to return <code>shallowgroundwater</code> in a standardized way into the R environment is provided by the R-package <a href="https://inbo.github.io/n2khab/">n2khab</a>.</p>
A list of newly (re)appearing alien species in Belgium in support of decision making
<h2><strong>Context</strong></h2> <p>Invasive alien species are an important driver of biodiversity loss. Policy responses are developed to address this threat and need to be based on the best available data, including information from alien species registries and occurrence data. The Tracking Invasive Alien Species (<a href="http://trias-project.be" target="_blank" rel="noopener">TrIAS</a>) project implemented a workflow based on FAIR principles to identify new species in Belgium. These are species that have been newly observed on the territory or that were newly added to a species registry or checklist. The workflow is built on the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and uses the Belgian Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species (<a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/xoidmd" target="_blank" rel="noopener">GRIIS Belgium</a>) as a baseline for comparison. </p> <h2><strong>Description</strong></h2> <p>This dataset contains the outputs of the <a href="https://trias-project.github.io/indicators/06_occurrence_indicators_appearing_taxa.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">pipeline</a> that generates a list of new alien species occurring in Belgium. This pipeline retrieves alien taxa from openly published species checklists or occurrence datasets on GBIF and compares this list with the <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/xoidmd" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species - Belgium</a> (GRIIS Belgium) which is published by the IUCN Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG). This register is based on the <a href="https://github.com/trias-project/unified-checklist" target="_blank" rel="noopener">unified checklist of alien species in Belgium</a> which was created by TrIAS in support of research and policy using an open and reproducible workflow. Appearing/reappearing species are defined as follows:</p> <ul> <li>Appearing: an alien species which newly occurs on the Belgian territory in the three years before the year of the GBIF download used for creating the <a href="../records/10527772" target="_blank" rel="noopener">occurrence cube for non-native taxa in Belgium</a>. We will refer to this 3 years period as <em>evaluation period</em>.</li> <li>Re-appearing: an alien species reappearing on the Belgian territory after a latency of 4 years or more. For example, we consider a taxon reappearing in 2022 if observations occur in 2022 and 2018 or before.</li> </ul> <h2><strong>Files</strong></h2> <ul> <li><code>appearing_taxa.tsv</code></li> <li><code>reappearing_taxa.tsv</code></li> </ul> <h2><strong>Field values</strong></h2> <p>Field values of <code>appearing_taxa.csv</code>: </p> <ul> <li><code>taxonKey</code>: GBIF taxonKey</li> <li><code>canonicalName</code>: scientific species name</li> <li><code>year</code>: year of appearance</li> <li><code>ncells_prot_areas</code>: number of 1x1km grid cells in protected areas</li> <li><code>ncells_BE</code>: number of 1x1km grid cells in Belgium</li> <li><code>in_prot_areas</code>: species occurs for the first time in protected areas of NATURA2000 in Belgium during the evaluation period (<code>TRUE</code>/<code>FALSE</code>)</li> <li><code>in_BE</code>: species occurs for the first time in Belgium during the evaluation period(<code>TRUE</code>/<code>FALSE</code>)</li> <li><code>class</code></li> <li><code>kingdom</code></li> <li><code>classKey</code></li> <li><code>kingdomKey</code></li> </ul> <p>Field values of <code>reappearing_taxa.csv</code>: </p> <ul> <li><code>taxonKey</code>: GBIF taxonKey</li> <li><code>canonicalName</code>: scientific species name</li> <li><code>year</code>: year of reappearance</li> <li><code>ncells_prot_areas</code>: number of 1x1km grid cells in protected areas</li> <li><code>ncells_BE</code>: number of 1x1km grid cells in Belgium</li> <li><code>in_prot_areas</code>: species reappears in protected areas of NATURA2000 in Belgium (<code>TRUE</code>/<code>FALSE</code>)</li> <li><code>in_BE</code>: species reappears in Belgium during the evaluation period (<code>TRUE</code>/<code>FALSE</code>)</li> <li><code>n_latent_years</code>: latency, in year, i.e. the number of years since last occurrence in Belgium</li> <li><code>class</code></li> <li><code>kingdom</code></li> <li><code>classKey</code></li> <li><code>kingdomKey</code></li> </ul> <h2><strong>Potential uses of the dataset</strong></h2> <p>The list of newly (re)appearing alien species in Belgium can be used for various purposes:</p> <ul> <li>to update the Belgian GRIIS checklist</li> <li>to flag the occurrence of new, regulated species on the territory (early warning)</li> <li>to develop a rapid response </li> <li>to select species for quick impact assessment</li> <li>to select species for risk assessment</li> <li>to draft alert lists</li> <li>for horizon scanning alien species</li> <li>to select species for risk assessment</li> <li>to identify new introduction patways</li> <li>...</li> </ul>
Prioritized lists of alien species in Belgium and its regions
<h2><strong>Context</strong></h2> <p>Invasive alien species are an important driver of biodiversity loss. Policy responses are developed to address this threat and need to be based on the best available data, including information from alien species registries and occurrence data. The Tracking Invasive Alien Species (<a href="http://trias-project.be" target="_blank" rel="noopener">TrIAS</a>) project implemented a <a href="https://trias-project.github.io/indicators/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">indicator workflow</a> based on FAIR principles to feed <strong>policy relevant indicators for biological invasions in Belgium</strong> from openly published checklist and occurrence data on GBIF. </p> <h2><strong>Description</strong></h2> <p>This dataset contains the outputs of the <a href="https://trias-project.github.io/indicators/08_ranking_emerging_status.html">pipeline</a> that prioritizes alien species based on their emergence status. This prioritization is built upon the information contained in:</p> <ul> <li> The <a href="https://doi.org/10.15468/xoidmd" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species - Belgium</a> (GRIIS Belgium) which is published by the IUCN Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) based on the <a href="https://github.com/trias-project/unified-checklist" target="_blank" rel="noopener">unified checklist of alien species in Belgium</a> which was created by TrIAS in support of research and policy using an open and reproducible workflow.</li> <li>The <a href="../records/10527772" target="_blank" rel="noopener">species occurrence cube for non-native taxa in Belgium</a>.</li> </ul> <p>We provide two different prioritization strategies: hierarchical ranking and point strategy.</p> <p>We do the prioritzation for both Belgium and its three regions separately: Flanders, Wallonia and Brussels. Only the prioritization for Belgium takes into account the emergence status (number of occurrences and observed occupancy) in Natura2000 protected areas.</p> <h3>Hierarchical ranking</h3> <p>The ranking is based on the highest emerging status. The following priority rules are applied, in order of importance:</p> <ol> <li>The more recent, the higher priority is.</li> <li>Emerging statuses in protected areas are more important than the ones defined over entire Belgium.</li> <li>Emerging statuses from occupancy are more important than the ones from occurrences.</li> <li>The higher average minimal guaranteed growth (#occs/year), the higher priority is.</li> </ol> <h3>Points strategy</h3> <p>The points strategy is based on applying gain factors to emerging statuses using the number of observations in 2020 in Belgium/region as reference (gain factor = 1). The gain factor tables for both Belgium and its regions are available in the <a title="pipeline" href="https://trias-project.github.io/indicators/08_ranking_emerging_status.html#42_Point_strategy">pipeline</a>.</p> <h2><strong>Files</strong></h2> <ul> <li><code>ranking_emerging_status_hierarchical_strategy_Belgium.tsv</code></li> <li><code>ranking_emerging_status_hierarchical_strategy_Flanders.tsv</code></li> <li><code>ranking_emerging_status_hierarchical_strategy_Wallonia.tsv</code></li> <li><code>ranking_emerging_status_hierarchical_strategy_Brussels.tsv</code></li> <li><code>ranking_emerging_status_points_strategy_Belgium.tsv</code></li> <li><code>ranking_emerging_status_points_strategy_Flanders.tsv</code></li> <li><code>ranking_emerging_status_points_strategy_Wallonia.tsv</code></li> <li><code>ranking_emerging_status_points_strategy_Brussels.tsv</code></li> </ul> <h2>Field values</h2> <p>Field values of <code>ranking_emerging_status_hierarchical_strategy_Belgium.tsv</code>: </p> <ul> <li><code>taxonKey</code>: GBIF taxonKey.</li> <li><code>canonicalName</code>: scientific species name.</li> <li><code>kingdom</code>: the kingdom the taxon belongs to.</li> <li><code>class</code>: the class the taxon belongs to.</li> <li><code>year_2022_em_status_occupancy_natura2000</code>: the emergence status of the observed occupancy in the Natura2000 protected areas of Belgium in 2022. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2022_em_status_occs_natura2000</code>: the emergence status of the number of occurrences over the Natura2000 protected areas of Belgium in 2022. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2022_em_status_occupancy_Belgium</code>: the emergence status of the observed occupancy over the entire Belgium in 2020. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2022_em_status_occs_Belgium</code>: the emergence status of the number of occurrences over the entire Belgium in 2022. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2021_em_status_occupancy_natura2000</code>: the emergence status of the observed occupancy in the Natura2000 protected areas of Belgium in 2021. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2021_em_status_occs_natura2000</code>: the emergence status of the number of occurrences over the Natura2000 protected areas of Belgium in 2021. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2021_em_status_occupancy_Belgium</code>: the emergence status of the observed occupancy over the entire Belgium in 2020. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2021_em_status_occs_Belgium</code>: the emergence status of the number of occurrences over the entire Belgium in 2021. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2020_em_status_occupancy_natura2000</code>: the emergence status of the observed occupancy in the Natura2000 protected areas of Belgium in 2020. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2020_em_status_occs_natura2000</code>: the emergence status of the number of occurrences over the Natura2000 protected areas of Belgium in 2020. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2020_em_status_occupancy_Belgium</code>: the emergence status of the observed occupancy over the entire Belgium in 2020. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2020_em_status_occs_Belgium</code>: the emergence status of the number of occurrences over the entire Belgium in 2020. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>mean_growth</code>: the average minimal guaranteed growth of the number of occurrences calculated over the 3 year evaluation period.</li> <li><code>kingdomKey</code>: the GBIF kingdomKey, i.e. the GBIF taxonKey of the kingdom the taxon belongs to.</li> <li><code>classKey</code>: the GBIF classKey, i.e. the GBIF taxonKey of the class the taxon belongs to.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Field values of <code>ranking_emerging_status_hierarchical_strategy_*<em>.tsv</em></code><em>, where <code>*</code></em> is one of: <code>Flanders</code>, <code>Wallonia</code>, <code>Brussels</code>:</p> <ul> <li><code>taxonKey</code>: GBIF taxonKey.</li> <li><code>canonicalName</code>: scientific species name.</li> <li><code>kingdom</code>: the kingdom the taxon belongs to.</li> <li><code>class</code>: the class the taxon belongs to.</li> <li><code>year_2022_em_status_occupancy_*</code>: the emergence status of the observed occupancy over the region * in 2020. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2022_em_status_occs_*</code>: the emergence status of the number of occurrences over the region <strong>*</strong> in 2022. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2021_em_status_occupancy_*</code>: the emergence status of the observed occupancy over the region <strong>*</strong> in 2020. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2021_em_status_occs_*</code>: the emergence status of the number of occurrences over the region <strong>*</strong> in 2021. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2020_em_status_occupancy_*</code>: the emergence status of the observed occupancy over the region <strong>*</strong> in 2020. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2020_em_status_occs_*</code>: the emergence status of the number of occurrences over the region <strong>* </strong>in 2020. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>mean_growth</code>: the average minimal guaranteed growth of the number of occurrences calculated over the 3 year evaluation period.</li> <li><code>kingdomKey</code>: the GBIF kingdomKey, i.e. the GBIF taxonKey of the kingdom the taxon belongs to.</li> <li><code>classKey</code>: the GBIF classKey, i.e. the GBIF taxonKey of the class the taxon belongs to.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Field values of <code>ranking_emerging_status_points_strategy_Belgium.tsv</code>: </p> <ul> <li><code>taxonKey</code>: GBIF taxonKey.</li> <li><code>canonicalName</code>: scientific species name.</li> <li><code>kingdom</code>: the kingdom the taxon belongs to.</li> <li><code>class</code>: the class the taxon belongs to.</li> <li><code>em_pts</code>: a number between 0 and 72</li> <li><code>mean_growth</code>: the average minimal guaranteed growth of the number of occurrences calculated over the 3 year evaluation period.</li> <li><code>year_2022_em_status_occupancy_natura2000</code>: the emergence status of the observed occupancy in the Natura2000 protected areas of Belgium in 2022. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2022_em_status_occs_natura2000</code>: the emergence status of the number of occurrences over the Natura2000 protected areas of Belgium in 2022. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2022_em_status_occupancy_Belgium</code>: the emergence status of the observed occupancy over the entire Belgium in 2020. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2022_em_status_occs_Belgium</code>: the emergence status of the number of occurrences over the entire Belgium in 2022. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2021_em_status_occupancy_natura2000</code>: the emergence status of the observed occupancy in the Natura2000 protected areas of Belgium in 2021. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2021_em_status_occs_natura2000</code>: the emergence status of the number of occurrences over the Natura2000 protected areas of Belgium in 2021. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2021_em_status_occupancy_Belgium</code>: the emergence status of the observed occupancy over the entire Belgium in 2020. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2021_em_status_occs_Belgium</code>: the emergence status of the number of occurrences over the entire Belgium in 2021. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2020_em_status_occupancy_natura2000</code>: the emergence status of the observed occupancy in the Natura2000 protected areas of Belgium in 2020. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2020_em_status_occs_natura2000</code>: the emergence status of the number of occurrences over the Natura2000 protected areas of Belgium in 2020. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2020_em_status_occupancy_Belgium</code>: the emergence status of the observed occupancy over the entire Belgium in 2020. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2020_em_status_occs_Belgium</code>: the emergence status of the number of occurrences over the entire Belgium in 2020. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>kingdomKey</code>: the GBIF kingdomKey, i.e. the GBIF taxonKey of the kingdom the taxon belongs to.</li> <li><code>classKey</code>: the GBIF classKey, i.e. the GBIF taxonKey of the class the taxon belongs to.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Field values of <code>ranking_emerging_status_points_strategy_*<em>.tsv</em></code><em>, where <code>*</code></em> is one of: <code>Flanders</code>, <code>Wallonia</code>, <code>Brussels</code>:</p> <ul> <li><code>taxonKey</code>: GBIF taxonKey.</li> <li><code>canonicalName</code>: scientific species name.</li> <li><code>kingdom</code>: the kingdom the taxon belongs to.</li> <li><code>class</code>: the class the taxon belongs to.</li> <li><code>em_pts</code>: a number between 0 and 31.5</li> <li><code>mean_growth</code>: the average minimal guaranteed growth of the number of occurrences calculated over the 3 year evaluation period.</li> <li><code>year_2022_em_status_occupancy_*</code>: the emergence status of the observed occupancy over the region <strong>*</strong> in 2020. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2022_em_status_occs_*</code>: the emergence status of the number of occurrences over the region <strong>*</strong> in 2022. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2021_em_status_occupancy_*</code>: the emergence status of the observed occupancy over the regin <strong>*</strong> in 2020. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2021_em_status_occs_*</code>: the emergence status of the number of occurrences over the region <strong>*</strong> in 2021. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2020_em_status_occupancy_*</code>: the emergence status of the observed occupancy over the region <strong>*</strong> in 2020. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>year_2020_em_status_occs_*</code>: the emergence status of the number of occurrences over the region <strong>*</strong> in 2020. A number between 0 and 3.</li> <li><code>mean_growth</code>: the average minimal guaranteed growth of the number of occurrences calculated over the 3 year evaluation period.</li> <li><code>kingdomKey</code>: the GBIF kingdomKey, i.e. the GBIF taxonKey of the kingdom the taxon belongs to.</li> <li><code>classKey</code>: the GBIF classKey, i.e. the GBIF taxonKey of the class the taxon belongs to.</li> </ul>
A high-resolution 4D geospatial laser scan dataset of the beach at Mariakerke Bad, Belgium
<p>This dataset contains a high resolution (in both time and space) laser scan data set of a 1-year measurement campaign in 2017 and 2018 in the seaside resort of Mariakerke Bad in Belgium. The measurements consist of 8417 hourly laserscans of a 400 meter stretch of beach. The measurement campained was performed to study variations in shoreward sand transport at urbanized beaches. </p> <p>Laserscan data is stored in local coordinates. Time dependent corrections per laserscan epoch are provided next to a global transformation matrix to transform the local coordinates to the Belgium Lambert 2008 coordinate system.</p> <p>This data is provided as is and is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0). See the provided PDF on more information about the CC-BY-4.0.</p> <p>Version 1 contained an error in the global transformation matrix. Version 2 corrects this.</p>
Initial Sample of HYPERNETS Hyperspectral Water Reflectance Measurements for Satellite Validation at the measurement tower MOW1, M1BE site (Belgium)
<p>The HYPERNETS project (www.hypernets.eu) has the overall aim to ensure that high quality in situ measurements are available to support the (VNIR/SWIR) optical Copernicus products. Therefore, it established a new autonomous hyperspectral spectroradiometer (HYPSTAR® - www.hypstar.eu) dedicated to land and water surface reflectance validation with instrument pointing capabilities. In the prototype phase, the instrument is being deployed at 24 sites covering a range of water and land types and a range of climatic and logistic conditions. This dataset provides the first published data for the HYPERNETS site at the measurement pole near the <em>Zeebrugge</em> harbour 3.65km from land, often called MOW1, in Belgium (M1BE). It is a subset of the complete data record which consists of the best quality M1BE measurements which could be used for satellite validation. </p> <p>The provided NetCDF files are the L2A hypernets products with water leaving radiance and reflectances, with and without NIR Similarity Correction (see Ruddick et al., 2006, DOI:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3841124">10.2307/3841124</a>). The reflectance in the L2A products is the Water Reflectance without NIR Similarity Correction (referred to as reflectance_nosc in the file) defined as:</p> <p><span class="math-tex">\(\rho_wnosc=\pi (Lu-\rho_FLd)/E_d\)</span></p> <p>where Lu is the upwelling radiance (at 40° zenith angle, and, 90° or 135° azimuth angle relative to the sun), Ld is the downwelling radiance (at 140° zenith angle, and, 90° or 135° azimuth angle relative to the sun). Ed is the (hemispherical) downwelling irradiance (i.e. including both direct solar and diffuse sky irradiance).</p> <p>For the M1BE site, the reflectance corrected for the NIR Similarity correction (epsilon, see Ruddick et al., 2006) is also provided:</p> <p><span class="math-tex">\(\rho_w=\pi (Lu-\rho_FLd)/E_d-\epsilon\)</span></p> <p>These reflectances have dimensions of wavelength and series, where each series is a set of measurements for the computation of a water reflectance measurement. In addition to variables for wavelength and bandwidth, the files also contain variables that provide for each series the acquisition time, viewing and solar angles, and quality flags (typically no flags are set in the data provided in this dataset). These NetCDF files also contain further relevant metadata as attributes. See https://hypernets-processor.readthedocs.io/ for further info.</p> <p>The HYPSTAR®-SR (Standard Range) instruments deployed at each land HYPERNETS site consist of a VNIR sensor and autonomously collect data between 380-1000 nm at various viewing geometries and send it to a central server for quality control and processing. The VNIR sensor spans 1330 channels between 380 and 1000 nm with a FWHM of 3 nm. The hypernets_processor (Goyens et al. 2021, DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9553738">10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9553738</a>; De Vis et al. in prep.) automatically processes all this data into various products, including the L2A surface reflectance product provided here. The current dataset is limited to the 400-900 nm range. Uncertainties are not yet included.</p> <p>To obtain this dataset, we start from the full M1BE data record and omit all the data that do not pass all of the quality checks performed as part of the hypernets_processor. In addition, an additional screening procedure was developed to supply the best quality data suitable for satellite validation:</p> <p>1. The coefficient of variation in water reflectance is below 10% in the 500-600 nm range</p> <p>2. The water reflectance at 500 nm is below 0.1</p> <p>The data consists of 73 spectra ranging from 20230226T1431 till 20230429T1502.</p> <p>Coordinates of the site are the following:</p> <p>site_latitude = 51.360548<br> site_longitude = 3.118246</p> <p>The site is owned by Afdeling Kust (https://www.agentschapmdk.be/nl).</p> <p> </p>
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) data for Antalya (Turkey), Antwerp (Belgium), Cork (Ireland), Thessaloniki (Greece) (source: OECD)
<p>The data have been collected via the official OECD Application Programming Interface (API)<strong> </strong>and<strong> </strong>includes the following indicators:</p> <ul> <li>EmpPlaRes - Employment at place of residence</li> <li>LfPartRa - Labour Force and Participation rate</li> <li>UnemReg - Unemployment in regions </li> <li>RegGdpTL2 - Regional Gross Domestic Product (Large regions TL2)</li> <li>GDPLT3 - Gross Domestic Product (Small regions TL3)</li> <li>RegEmIndu - Regional Employment by industry (ISIC rev 4)</li> <li>RegGVAWorker - Regional GVA per worker</li> <li>RegIncPC - Regional income per capita</li> </ul> <p>Source: https://data.oecd.org/api/</p>
MEDGULL_ANTWERPEN - Mediterranean gulls (Ichthyaetus melanocephalus, Laridae) breeding near Antwerp (Belgium)
<p><em>MEDGULL_ANTWERPEN - Mediterranean gulls (Ichthyaetus melanocephalus, Laridae) breeding near Antwerp (Belgium)</em> is a bird tracking dataset published by the <a href="https://www.inbo.be/en">Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)</a>. It contains animal tracking data collected by the LifeWatch GPS tracking network for large birds (<a href="http://lifewatch.be/en/gps-tracking-network-large-birds">http://lifewatch.be/en/gps-tracking-network-large-birds</a>) for the project/study <strong>MEDGULL_ANTWERPEN</strong>, using trackers developed by Ornitela (<a href="https://www.ornitela.com">https://www.ornitela.com</a>). The study has been operational since 2021. In total 14 individuals of Mediterranean gull (<em>Ichthyaetus melanocephalus</em>) have been tagged in their breeding area near the city of Antwerp (Belgium), mainly to study their habitat use and migration behaviour. Data are automatically synced with Movebank and from there periodically archived on Zenodo (see <a href="https://github.com/inbo/bird-tracking">https://github.com/inbo/bird-tracking</a>).</p> <h2>Files</h2> <p>Data in this package are exported from Movebank study <a href="https://www.movebank.org/cms/webapp?gwt_fragment=page=studies,path=study1609400843">1609400843</a>. Fields in the data follow the <a href="http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/MVB">Movebank Attribute Dictionary</a> and are described in <code>datapackage.json</code>. Files are structured as a <a href="https://specs.frictionlessdata.io/data-package/">Frictionless Data Package</a>. You can access all data in R via <code>https://zenodo.org/records/15685037/files/datapackage.json</code> using <a href="https://frictionlessdata.github.io/frictionless-r/">frictionless</a>.</p> <ul> <li><strong>datapackage.json</strong>: technical description of the data files.</li> <li><strong>MEDGULL_ANTWERPEN-reference-data.csv</strong>: reference data about the animals, tags and deployments.</li> <li><strong>MEDGULL_ANTWERPEN-gps-yyyy.csv.gz</strong>: GPS data recorded by the tags, grouped by year.</li> </ul> <h2>Acknowledgements</h2> <p>This dataset was collected using infrastructure provided by INBO and funded by Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO) as part of the Belgian contribution to LifeWatch.</p>
CURLEW_VLAANDEREN - Eurasian curlews (Numenius arquata, Scolopacidae) breeding in Flanders (Belgium)
<p><em>CURLEW_VLAANDEREN - Eurasian curlews (Numenius arquata, Scolopacidae) breeding in Flanders (Belgium)</em> is a bird tracking dataset published by the <a href="https://www.inbo.be/en">Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)</a>. It contains animal tracking data collected by the LifeWatch GPS tracking network for large birds (<a href="http://lifewatch.be/en/gps-tracking-network-large-birds">http://lifewatch.be/en/gps-tracking-network-large-birds</a>) for the project/study <strong>CURLEW_VLAANDEREN</strong>, using trackers developed by Ornitela (<a href="https://www.ornitela.com">https://www.ornitela.com</a>). The study has been operational since 2020. In total 5 individuals of Eurasian curlew (<em>Numenius arquata</em>) have been tagged at several locations in Flanders (Belgium), mainly to study their habitat use and migration behaviour. Data are automatically synced with Movebank and from there periodically archived on Zenodo (see <a href="https://github.com/inbo/bird-tracking">https://github.com/inbo/bird-tracking</a>).</p> <h2>Files</h2> <p>Data in this package are exported from Movebank study <a href="https://www.movebank.org/cms/webapp?gwt_fragment=page=studies,path=study1841091905">1841091905</a>. Fields in the data follow the <a href="http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/MVB">Movebank Attribute Dictionary</a> and are described in <code>datapackage.json</code>. Files are structured as a <a href="https://specs.frictionlessdata.io/data-package/">Frictionless Data Package</a>. You can access all data in R via <code>https://zenodo.org/records/15696532/files/datapackage.json</code> using <a href="https://frictionlessdata.github.io/frictionless-r/">frictionless</a>.</p> <ul> <li><strong>datapackage.json</strong>: technical description of the data files.</li> <li><strong>CURLEW_VLAANDEREN-reference-data.csv</strong>: reference data about the animals, tags and deployments.</li> <li><strong>CURLEW_VLAANDEREN-gps-yyyy.csv.gz</strong>: GPS data recorded by the tags, grouped by year.</li> </ul> <h2>Acknowledgements</h2> <p>This dataset was collected using infrastructure provided by INBO and funded by Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO) as part of the Belgian contribution to LifeWatch. Additional funding was provided by Provincie Vlaams-Brabant. Data were collected in collaboration with Natuurpunt Studie.</p>
SPOONBILL_VLAANDEREN - Eurasian spoonbills (Platalea leucorodia, Threskiornithidae) in Flanders (Belgium)
<p><em>SPOONBILL_VLAANDEREN - Eurasian spoonbills (Platalea leucorodia, Threskiornithidae) in Flanders (Belgium)</em> is a bird tracking dataset published by the <a href="https://www.inbo.be/en">Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)</a>. It contains animal tracking data collected by the LifeWatch GPS tracking network for large birds (<a href="http://lifewatch.be/en/gps-tracking-network-large-birds">http://lifewatch.be/en/gps-tracking-network-large-birds</a>) for the project/study <strong>SPOONBILL_VLAANDEREN</strong>, using trackers developed by Ornitela (<a href="https://www.ornitela.com/">https://www.ornitela.com</a>). The study has been operational since 2022. In total 10 individuals of Eurasian spoonbill (<em>Platalea leucorodia</em>) have been tagged at several locations in Flanders (Belgium), mainly to study their flight behaviour in a hostile environment of wind turbines and high-voltage power lines. Data are automatically synced with Movebank and from there periodically archived on Zenodo (see <a href="https://github.com/inbo/bird-tracking">https://github.com/inbo/bird-tracking</a>).</p> <h2>Files</h2> <p>Data in this package are exported from Movebank study <a href="https://www.movebank.org/cms/webapp?gwt_fragment=page=studies,path=study2313947453">2313947453</a>. Fields in the data follow the <a href="http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/MVB">Movebank Attribute Dictionary</a> and are described in <code>datapackage.json</code>. Files are structured as a <a href="https://specs.frictionlessdata.io/data-package/">Frictionless Data Package</a>. You can access all data in R via <code>https://zenodo.org/records/15696453/files/datapackage.json</code> using <a href="https://frictionlessdata.github.io/frictionless-r/">frictionless</a>.</p> <ul> <li><strong>datapackage.json</strong>: technical description of the data files.</li> <li><strong>SPOONBILL_VLAANDEREN-reference-data.csv</strong>: reference data about the animals, tags and deployments.</li> <li><strong>SPOONBILL_VLAANDEREN-gps-yyyy.csv.gz</strong>: GPS data recorded by the tags, grouped by year.</li> </ul> <h2>Acknowledgements</h2> <p>This dataset was collected using infrastructure provided by INBO and funded by Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO) as part of the Belgian contribution to LifeWatch.</p>
LBBG_JUVENILE - Juvenile lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus, Laridae) and herring gulls (Larus argentatus, Laridae) hatched in Zeebrugge (Belgium)
<p><em>LBBG_JUVENILE - Juvenile lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus, Laridae) and herring gulls (Larus argentatus, Laridae) hatched in Zeebrugge (Belgium)</em> is a bird tracking dataset published by the <a href="https://inbo.be">Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)</a>. It contains animal tracking data collected by the LifeWatch GPS tracking network for large birds (<a href="http://lifewatch.be/en/gps-tracking-network-large-birds">http://lifewatch.be/en/gps-tracking-network-large-birds</a>) for the project/study <strong>LBBG_JUVENILE</strong>, using trackers developed by Ornitela (<a href="https://www.ornitela.com">https://www.ornitela.com</a>). The study has been operational since 2020. In total 92 individuals of lesser black-backed gull (<em>Larus fuscus</em>) and European herring gull (<em>Larus argentatus</em>) have been tagged shortly after fledging in the colony of Zeebrugge, mainly to study their habitat use and migration behaviour. Data are automatically synced with Movebank and from there periodically archived on Zenodo (see <a href="https://github.com/inbo/bird-tracking">https://github.com/inbo/bird-tracking</a>).</p> <h2>Files</h2> <p>Data in this package are exported from Movebank study <a href="https://www.movebank.org/cms/webapp?gwt_fragment=page=studies,path=study1259686571">1259686571</a>. Fields in the data follow the <a href="http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/MVB">Movebank Attribute Dictionary</a> and are described in <code>datapackage.json</code>. Files are structured as a <a href="https://specs.frictionlessdata.io/data-package/">Frictionless Data Package</a>. You can access all data in R via <code>https://zenodo.org/records/16933166/files/datapackage.json</code> using <a href="https://frictionlessdata.github.io/frictionless-r/">frictionless</a>.</p> <ul> <li><strong>datapackage.json</strong>: technical description of the data files.</li> <li><strong>LBBG_JUVENILE-reference-data.csv</strong>: reference data about the animals, tags and deployments.</li> <li><strong>LBBG_JUVENILE-gps-yyyy.csv.gz</strong>: GPS data recorded by the tags, grouped by year.</li> </ul> <h2>Acknowledgements</h2> <p>This dataset was collected using infrastructure provided by INBO and funded by Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO) as part of the Belgian contribution to LifeWatch.</p>
O_WESTERSCHELDE - Eurasian oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus, Haematopodidae) breeding in East Flanders (Belgium)
<p><em>O_WESTERSCHELDE - Eurasian oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus, Haematopodidae) breeding in East Flanders (Belgium)</em> is a bird tracking dataset published by the <a href="https://www.inbo.be/en">Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)</a>. It contains animal tracking data collected by the LifeWatch GPS tracking network for large birds (<a href="http://lifewatch.be/en/gps-tracking-network-large-birds">http://lifewatch.be/en/gps-tracking-network-large-birds</a>) for the project/study <strong>O_WESTERSCHELDE</strong>, using trackers developed by the University of Amsterdam Bird Tracking System (UvA-BiTS, <a href="http://www.uva-bits.nl">http://www.uva-bits.nl</a>). The study was operational from 2018 to 2020. In total 13 individuals of Eurasian oystercatchers (<em>Haematopus ostralegus</em>) have been tagged in their breeding area in East Flanders (Belgium), west of the river Scheldt, mainly to study their habitat use on mudflats of the Western Scheldt (the Netherlands). Data are uploaded from the UvA-BiTS database to Movebank and from there archived on Zenodo (see <a href="https://github.com/inbo/bird-tracking">https://github.com/inbo/bird-tracking</a>). No new data are expected.</p> <p>See van der Kolk et al. (2022, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.90623">https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.90623</a>) for a more detailed description of this dataset.</p> <h2>Files</h2> <p>Data in this package are exported from Movebank study <a href="https://www.movebank.org/cms/webapp?gwt_fragment=page=studies,path=study1099562810">1099562810</a>. Fields in the data follow the <a href="http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/MVB">Movebank Attribute Dictionary</a> and are described in <code>datapackage.json</code>. Files are structured as a <a href="https://specs.frictionlessdata.io/data-package/">Frictionless Data Package</a>. You can access all data in R via <code>https://zenodo.org/records/10053702/files/datapackage.json</code> using <a href="https://frictionlessdata.github.io/frictionless-r/">frictionless</a>.</p> <ul> <li><strong>datapackage.json</strong>: technical description of the data files.</li> <li><strong>O_WESTERSCHELDE-reference-data.csv</strong>: reference data about the animals, tags and deployments.</li> <li><strong>O_WESTERSCHELDE-gps-yyyy.csv.gz</strong>: GPS data recorded by the tags, grouped by year.</li> <li><strong>O_WESTERSCHELDE-acceleration-yyyy.csv.gz</strong>: acceleration data recorded by the tags, grouped by year.</li> </ul> <h2>Acknowledgements</h2> <p>This dataset was collected using infrastructure provided by INBO and funded by Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO) as part of the Belgian contribution to LifeWatch. Additional funding was provided by the Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology.</p>
HG_OOSTENDE - Herring gulls (Larus argentatus, Laridae) breeding at the southern North Sea coast (Belgium)
<p><em>HG_OOSTENDE - Herring gulls (Larus argentatus, Laridae) breeding at the southern North Sea coast (Belgium)</em> is a bird tracking dataset published by the <a href="https://www.inbo.be/en">Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)</a>. It contains animal tracking data collected by the LifeWatch GPS tracking network for large birds (<a href="http://lifewatch.be/en/gps-tracking-network-large-birds">http://lifewatch.be/en/gps-tracking-network-large-birds</a>) for the project/study <strong>HG_OOSTENDE</strong>, using trackers developed by the University of Amsterdam Bird Tracking System (UvA-BiTS, <a href="http://www.uva-bits.nl">http://www.uva-bits.nl</a>). The study was operational from 2013 until 2022. In total 60 individuals of European herring gull (<em>Larus argentatus</em>) have been tagged in or near their breeding area at the southern North Sea coast (Ostend and Zeebrugge in Belgium), mainly to study their habitat use. Data are periodically uploaded from the UvA-BiTS database to Movebank and from there archived on Zenodo (see <a href="https://github.com/inbo/bird-tracking">https://github.com/inbo/bird-tracking</a>). No new data are expected.</p> <h2>Files</h2> <p>Data in this package are exported from Movebank study <a href="https://www.movebank.org/cms/webapp?gwt_fragment=page=studies,path=study986040562">986040562</a>. Fields in the data follow the <a href="http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/MVB">Movebank Attribute Dictionary</a> and are described in <code>datapackage.json</code>. Files are structured as a <a href="https://specs.frictionlessdata.io/data-package/">Frictionless Data Package</a>. You can access all data in R via <code>https://zenodo.org/records/10054230/files/datapackage.json</code> using <a href="https://frictionlessdata.github.io/frictionless-r/">frictionless</a>.</p> <ul> <li><strong>datapackage.json</strong>: technical description of the data files.</li> <li><strong>HG_OOSTENDE-reference-data.csv</strong>: reference data about the animals, tags and deployments.</li> <li><strong>HG_OOSTENDE-gps-yyyy.csv.gz</strong>: GPS data recorded by the tags, grouped by year.</li> <li><strong>HG_OOSTENDE-acceleration-yyyy.csv.gz</strong>: acceleration data recorded by the tags, grouped by year.</li> </ul> <h2>Acknowledgements</h2> <p>This dataset was collected using infrastructure provided by VLIZ and INBO funded by Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO) as part of the Belgian contribution to LifeWatch.</p>
MH_ANTWERPEN - Western marsh harriers (Circus aeruginosus, Accipitridae) breeding near Antwerp (Belgium)
<p><em>MH_ANTWERPEN - Western marsh harriers (Circus aeruginosus, Accipitridae) breeding near Antwerp (Belgium)</em> is a bird tracking dataset published by the <a href="https://www.inbo.be/en">Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)</a>. It contains animal tracking data collected by the LifeWatch GPS tracking network for large birds (<a href="http://lifewatch.be/en/gps-tracking-network-large-birds">http://lifewatch.be/en/gps-tracking-network-large-birds</a>) for the project/study <strong>MH_ANTWERPEN</strong>, using trackers developed by the University of Amsterdam Bird Tracking System (UvA-BiTS, <a href="http://www.uva-bits.nl">http://www.uva-bits.nl</a>). The study was operational from 2018 until 2022. In total 3 individuals of western marsh harriers (<em>Circus aeruginosus</em>) and 1 common buzzard (<em>Buteo buteo</em>) have been tagged in their breeding area near the city of Antwerp (Belgium), mainly to study their habitat use and migration behaviour. Data are periodically uploaded from the UvA-BiTS database to Movebank and from there archived on Zenodo (see <a href="https://github.com/inbo/bird-tracking">https://github.com/inbo/bird-tracking</a>). No new data are expected.</p> <p>See Milotic et al. (2020, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.947.52570">https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.947.52570</a>) for a more detailed description of this dataset.</p> <h2>Files</h2> <p>Data in this package are exported from Movebank study <a href="https://www.movebank.org/cms/webapp?gwt_fragment=page=studies,path=study938783961">938783961</a>. Fields in the data follow the <a href="http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/MVB">Movebank Attribute Dictionary</a> and are described in <code>datapackage.json</code>. Files are structured as a <a href="https://specs.frictionlessdata.io/data-package/">Frictionless Data Package</a>. You can access all data in R via <code>https://zenodo.org/records/10054153/files/datapackage.json</code> using <a href="https://frictionlessdata.github.io/frictionless-r/">frictionless</a>.</p> <ul> <li><strong>datapackage.json</strong>: technical description of the data files.</li> <li><strong>MH_ANTWERPEN-reference-data.csv</strong>: reference data about the animals, tags and deployments.</li> <li><strong>MH_ANTWERPEN-gps-yyyy.csv.gz</strong>: GPS data recorded by the tags, grouped by year.</li> <li><strong>MH_ANTWERPEN-acceleration-yyyy.csv.gz</strong>: acceleration data recorded by the tags, grouped by year.</li> </ul> <h2>Acknowledgements</h2> <p>This dataset was collected using infrastructure provided by INBO and funded by Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO) as part of the Belgian contribution to LifeWatch.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.