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220 results for “Beta diversity”
Pawpaws prevent predictability: A locally-dominant tree alters understory beta-diversity and community assembly
<p>Data used in "Pawpaws Prevent Predictability: A locally-dominant tree alters understory beta-diversity and community assembly" (Wassel and Myers) accepted for publication in Ecosphere.<br><br><strong>Metadata for Zenodo.pdf </strong>contains more information on the following data files including descriptions of the columns. </p> <p>The file <strong>understory_abundance_data2021.csv</strong> contains all species abundances in 1x1m plots. This data was used for analyses in publication. Each row is a plot, each column is a speceis or plot descriptor, values for columns 5 and higher are species abundances. Data was collected July-August 2021 by Anna Wassel in Missouri, USA. </p> <p>The file <strong>understory_species_list2021.csv </strong>contains a list of the species codes used in the first file with their scientific names and their status as herbs or woody. This was used to filter out herbaceous species from the data set for herbaceous-only analyses. </p> <p> </p>
Supplementary material for "High semi-natural vegetation cover and heterogeneity of field sizes promote bird beta-diversity at larger scales in Ethiopian Highlands"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <ol> <li>The intensification of farming practices exerts detrimental effects on biodiversity. Most research has focused on declines in species richness at local scales (alpha-diversity) although species loss is exacerbated by biotic homogenization that operates at larger scales (i.e., affecting beta-diversity). The majority of studies have been conducted in temperate, industrialized countries while tropical areas remain poorly studied. Agricultural landscapes of sub-Saharan Africa are still largely dominated by small-scale subsistence farming, but strenuous efforts to intensify farming practices are currently spreading to meet a growing food demand. It is therefore crucial to understand how these intensified practices affect biodiversity to mitigate their negative impacts. </li> <li>We investigated how farming system (small- vs large-scale farming) and landscape complexity (semi-natural vegetation cover) drive bird species composition, community turnover, and beta-diversity patterns in Ethiopian Highlands’ agroecosystems. We evaluated the following hypotheses: (1) large-scale farming homogenizes bird communities, (2) community turnover is higher in small-scale farms, (3) interactive effects between landscape complexity and farming systems shape avian communities, (4) heterogeneity of field sizes increases community turnover at larger scales. </li> <li>Bird communities underwent greater compositional changes along the landscape complexity than along the agricultural intensity gradient. Contrary to our expectations, beta-diversity was not significantly lower within large-scale farms (no biotic homogenization), and complex landscapes that still offer a high amount of semi-natural vegetation promoted community turnover in both farming systems. </li> <li>Semi-natural vegetation cover mediated how avian communities responded to agricultural intensification: the compositional differences between small- and large-scale farms increased with vegetation cover, further promoting avian community heterogeneity at the landscape level.</li> <li>The heterogeneity in field sizes also enhanced bird community turnover, suggesting that a combination of both small- and large-scale farming systems within a given landscape unit would promote beta-diversity at larger scales, provided large-scale farms do not become dominant.</li> <li>Synthesis and applications: Landscape complexity shaped avian communities to a stronger degree than farming intensity, emphasizing the importance of semi-natural vegetation and landscape heterogeneity for the maintenance of diverse bird communities and for achieving multifunctional landscapes promoting biodiversity and associated ecosystem services on the High Ethiopian plateaus. <br> </li> </ol>
Data and script: Reduced enumeration effort, but not coarse taxonomic resolution, is sufficient to represent beta diversity patterns of stream benthic diatoms
<p>This is a dataset on benthic diatom communities sampled in 90 riffles (the local communities) within nine near-pristine subtropical streams (each stream represented a metacommunity) in southeast subtropical Brazil. </p> <p>In addition to the dataset, we also provide the R code used to investigate whether reduced enumeration efforts (i.e., subsets of counted valves per sample) and the identification to the genus level are sufficient to recover patterns in the species composition and in beta diversity of benthic diatom metacommunities.</p>
Intermediate data for: Environment and shipping drive eDNA beta-diversity among commercial ports
<p>Intermediate data generated by Paul Czechowski as part of MEC-22-0945.R1 using code stored at <a href="https://github.com/macrobiotus/ships_and_bugs">GitHub</a>, most recently release with <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7600608">DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7600608 </a> . Pre-print with linked final manuscript version available at BioRxiv via <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.07.463538">DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.07.463538</a>. Please refer to the published manuscript for a full list of available digital resources associated with this work.</p>
Data from publication: Castillioni, K., & Isbell, F. (2023). Early positive spatial selection effects of beta-diversity on ecosystem functioning. Landscape Ecology, 1-15.
Data from publication: Castillioni, K., & Isbell, F. (2023). Early positive spatial selection effects of beta-diversity on ecosystem functioning. Landscape Ecology, 1-15. Spatial beta-diversity may increase landscape productivity if there are positive spatial selection effects. Alternatively, dominant species in mixtures might not be the most productive species in monoculture leading to negative or neutral spatial selection effects. However, these hypotheses remain untested experimentally. Seedling survival can determine species establishment, influencing productivity later. To address this knowledge gap, we experimentally tested whether transplanted seedlings of dominant species optimally sort among habitat types (grassland dominated by Andropogon gerardii, savanna by Quercus macrocarpa, deciduous forest by Acer rubrum, coniferous forest by Pinus strobus, bog by Larix laricina), creating positive effects of landscape diversity on seedling survival and net biodiversity effects at Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve (CCESR) in Minnesota, USA. The study is named BetaDIV and consists of 100 plots (20 plots per habitat × 5 habitats). Each of the five habitats includes two true replicate monocultures for each of the five species and two true replicates for each of the five possible mixture compositions of four species (leaving each one out in turn to eventually explore the effect of species identity). Each plot is 1.5 by 1.5 m, with 12 seedlings planted 0.5 m apart in a 4 × 4 square grid, except in the plot corners. In the early June 2022, we tagged and planted all seedlings (i.e., bareroot seedlings for trees and plugs for the grass A. gerardii). Two weeks after the initial transplanting, we started tracking seedling survival (presented here) to investigate how seedlings responded to local habitat conditions. We conducted a seedling census for each of the 1200 tagged seedlings (12 seedlings per plot×100 plots), in early September 2022, which was two months at the end
Fig. 5 in Fish beta diversity responses to environmental heterogeneity and flood pulses are different according to reproductive guild
Fig. 5. Relationship between beta diversity (mean distance to centroid), environmental heterogeneity and period of the hydrological cycle. a. Beta diversity of non-migratory fish species with external fertilization and parental care (NEFC); b. beta diversity of non-migratory fish species with internal fertilization (NIF).
Fig. 4 in Fish beta diversity responses to environmental heterogeneity and flood pulses are different according to reproductive guild
Fig. 4. Beta diversity variation among the guilds. The boxes represent the interquartile ranges, the horizontal lines indicate the medians, the bars indicate the minimum and maximum values, and the closed diamonds represent the mean beta diversity of each guild. LMEF: long-distance migratory and external fertilization; NEFC: non-migratory with external fertilization and parental care; NEFW: nonmigratory with external fertilization without parental care; NIF: non-migratory with internal fertilization; DET: detritivorous; HER: herbivorous; INS: insectivorous; INV: invertivorous; ONI: omnivorous; and PIS: piscivorous.
Fig. 2 in Fish beta diversity responses to environmental heterogeneity and flood pulses are different according to reproductive guild
Fig. 2. Hydrometric-level (a) and environmental heterogeneity (b) variation between 2000 and 2012 in the Paraná River. The horizontal black dashed line indicates the flood level of the floodplain. Source: ANA - Estação Fluviométrica of Porto São José, PR.
Fig. 7 in Taxonomic groups with lower movement capacity may present higher beta diversity
Fig. 7. Similarity in species composition of all the groups combined among the 16 localities sampled in Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on the Jaccard coefficient of similarity and subsequent cluster analysis (UPGMA). Obs.: dashed line (significance level: 0.5 or 50%) (AIU, Aiuruoca; BOC, Bocaina de Minas; CAM, Camanducaia; CAX, Caxambu; DEL, Delfim Moreira; EXT, Extrema; GUA, GuaxupÉ; MAR, Maria da FÉ; MON, Monte Belo; MVE, Monte Verde; PAS, Passa Quatro; POÇ, Poços de Caldas; POU, Pouso Alegre; SGS, SÃo Gonçalo do SapucaÍ; SRJ, Santa Rita de Jacutinga; VIR, VirgÍnia).
Fig. 2 in Taxonomic groups with lower movement capacity may present higher beta diversity
Fig. 2. Frequency of occurrence of spermatophytes (n=259), amphibians (n=44), birds (n=66) and primates (n=4) species in the 16 localities sampled in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Frequent (species with registered presence between nine and 16 locations); common (between five and eight localities); and rare (between one and four localities).
Fig. 4 in Taxonomic groups with lower movement capacity may present higher beta diversity
Fig. 4. Similarity in species composition of amphibians among the 16 localities sampled in Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on the Jaccard coefficient of similarity and subsequent cluster analysis (UPGMA). Obs.: dashed line (significance level: 0.5 or 50%) (AIU, Aiuruoca; BOC, Bocaina de Minas; CAM, Camanducaia; CAX, Caxambu; DEL, Delfim Moreira; EXT, Extrema; GUA, GuaxupÉ; MAR, Maria da FÉ; MON, Monte Belo; MVE, Monte Verde; PAS, Passa Quatro; POÇ, Poços de Caldas; POU, Pouso Alegre; SGS, SÃo Gonçalo do SapucaÍ; SRJ, Santa Rita de Jacutinga; VIR, VirgÍnia).
Fig. 3 in Taxonomic groups with lower movement capacity may present higher beta diversity
Fig. 3. Similarity in species composition of spermatophytes among the 16 localities sampled in Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on the Jaccard coefficient of similarity and subsequent cluster analysis (UPGMA). Obs.: dashed line (significance level: 0.5 or 50%) (AIU, Aiuruoca; BOC, Bocaina de Minas; CAM, Camanducaia; CAX, Caxambu; DEL, Delfim Moreira; EXT, Extrema; GUA, GuaxupÉ; MAR, Maria da FÉ; MON, Monte Belo; MVE, Monte Verde; PAS, Passa Quatro; POÇ, Poços de Caldas; POU, Pouso Alegre; SGS, SÃo Gonçalo do SapucaÍ; SRJ, Santa Rita de Jacutinga; VIR, VirgÍnia).
Fig. 1 in Taxonomic groups with lower movement capacity may present higher beta diversity
Fig. 1. Location of the 16 fragments sampled in Minas Gerais, Brazil (LOCALITY, municipality): AIU, Aiuruoca; BOC, Bocaina de Minas; CAM, Camanducaia; CAX, Caxambu; DEL, Delfim Moreira; EXT, Extrema; GUA, GuaxupÉ; MAR, Maria da FÉ; MON, Monte Belo; MVE, Monte Verde; PAS, Passa Quatro; POÇ, Poços de Caldas; POU, Pouso Alegre; SGS, SÃo Gonçalo do SapucaÍ; SRJ, Santa Rita de Jacutinga and VIR, VirgÍnia.
Dataset for 'Different in the dark: The effect of habitat characteristics on community composition and beta diversity in bromeliad microfauna'
<p>The file contains counting data for bromeliad-inhabiting microfauna (including, heterotrophic nanoflagellates, ciliates, amoeba and rotifers) from samples taken on Ilha do Cardoso, Brazil.</p> <p>Also included are additional Information on abiotic and biotic factors measured (e.g. pH, dissolved oxygen concentration etc.).</p>
Mesophotic coral ecosystems of French Polynesia are hotspots of alpha and beta generic diversity for scleractinian assemblages
<p>Revealing how diversity varies across the depth gradient is key to understanding the role of mesophotic coral ecosystems in the functioning of coral reefs. We examined how alpha and beta generic diversity of scleractinian coral assemblages vary across a wide depth gradient for coral reefs. We studied generic diversity patterns of scleractinian corals at sixteen sites in eight islands of three archipelagos in French Polynesia, as derived from the analysis of photo-quadrats, across the seafloor from shallow to lower mesophotic depths (6 to 120 m) and on a wide geographic scale. Our sampling considered quantitative coral cover to explore the patterns of alpha and beta components of diversity across depth and horizontal space. We show that in French Polynesia, mesophotic coral ecosystems host higher alpha and beta generic diversity than shallow reefs despite decreasing coral cover with depth. The variation of coral genus richness across the depth gradient is mainly driven by a mid-domain effect with a peak at 40 m depth. At the same time, we found that the turnover of coral genera across islands (i.e., spatial beta diversity) increased steadily along the depth gradient. Our findings report the first quantitative results of coral cover and diversity from mesophotic coral ecosystems in French Polynesia and also present one of the few existing studies to examine the broad breadth of the mesophotic depth gradient. We demonstrate that mesophotic depths can host unexpectedly high generic richness of scleractinian coral assemblages. At the same time, we showed that increasing depth increases the differences in generic diversity composition across islands, whereas shallow reefs are similar in between. While a single island could conserve shallow regional biodiversity, mesophotic depths containing the richest diversity require site-specific measures, suggesting that considering these mesophotic depths in conservation is necessary to maintain regional diversity.</p>
Data from: Higher spatial than seasonal beta diversity of soil protists along elevation gradients
<p>This data package contain the data and R script to reproduce the analyses of the paper from Bruni <em>et al.</em> (in press).</p> <p>It contains:</p> <ul> <li><strong>protist_spatiotemporal_turnover_site_parameters.xlsx</strong>: the list of sites used in this study with their (label, location, geography coordinates, habitat, ENA project and sample accessions) and soil abiotic parameters. Abbreviations and units are as follows: Res_hum, residual humidity [%]; Org_mat, soil organic matter [%]; C_org, organic carbon [mg ∙ g-1]; N_org, organic nitrogen [mg ∙ g-1]; P_bio, bioavailable phosphate [mg ∙ g-1]; C_N_ratio, carbon org. / nitrogen org. ratio; N_P_ratio: nitrogen org. / phosphorus bioavailable ratio.</li> <li><strong>protist_spatiotemporal_turnover_data.RData</strong>: dataset in rda format (R core team, 2024) containing the ASV read's abundance per site matrix (object "mat"), the ASV taxonomic assignments (object "taxo"), the ASV sequences (object "asv") and the CRU-TS monthly climatic data corresponding to the sampled site's location and dates (object "cruts").</li> <li><strong>protist_spatiotemporal_turnover_analyses.R</strong>: R script to reproduce all analyses and figures of Bruni <em>et al.</em> (in press)</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>References:</p> <p>Bruni, E. P., Lorite, J., Peñas, J., Mulot, M., Fournier, B., Vittoz, P., Mitchell, E. A. D., & Lentendu, G. (2024). Higher spatial than seasonal beta diversity of soil protists along elevation gradients. Frontiers of Biogeography, 17, 1–17. DOI:<a href="https://doi.org/10.21425/fob.17.132637">10.21425/fob.17.132637</a></p> <div> <div>R Core Team. (2024). <em>R: a language and environment for statistical computing</em> (4.2.2) R Foundation for Statistical Computing. <a href="https://www.r-project.org/">https://www.r-project.org/</a></div> </div>
Fig. 5 in Taxonomic groups with lower movement capacity may present higher beta diversity
Fig. 5. Similarity in species composition of birds among the 16 localities sampled in Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on the Jaccard coefficient of similarity and subsequent cluster analysis (UPGMA). Obs.: dashed line (significance level: 0.5 or 50%) (AIU, Aiuruoca; BOC, Bocaina de Minas; CAM, Camanducaia; CAX, Caxambu; DEL, Delfim Moreira; EXT, Extrema; GUA, GuaxupÉ; MAR, Maria da FÉ; MON, Monte Belo; MVE, Monte Verde; PAS, Passa Quatro; POÇ, Poços de Caldas; POU, Pouso Alegre; SGS, SÃo Gonçalo do SapucaÍ; SRJ, Santa Rita de Jacutinga; VIR, VirgÍnia).
Fig. 6 in Taxonomic groups with lower movement capacity may present higher beta diversity
Fig. 6. Similarity in species composition of primates among the 16 localities sampled in Minas Gerais, Brazil, based on the Jaccard coefficient of similarity and subsequent cluster analysis (UPGMA). Obs.: dashed line (significance level: 0.5 or 50%) (AIU, Aiuruoca; BOC, Bocaina de Minas; CAM, Camanducaia; CAX, Caxambu; DEL, Delfim Moreira; EXT, Extrema; GUA, GuaxupÉ; MAR, Maria da FÉ; MON, Monte Belo; MVE, Monte Verde; PAS, Passa Quatro; POÇ, Poços de Caldas; POU, Pouso Alegre; SGS, SÃo Gonçalo do SapucaÍ; SRJ, Santa Rita de Jacutinga; VIR, VirgÍnia).
Data from: Temporal changes in taxonomic and functional alpha and beta diversity across tree communities in subtropical Atlantic forests
<h2><strong>The study is published in Oikos and available at: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.10961">https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.10961</a></strong></h2> <p>Here we aim to assess temporal taxonomic and functional alpha and beta diversity of adult and juvenile tree communities across 11 sites in the subtropical Brazilian Atlantic Forest to infer about trends and drivers of biodiversity change. The tree communities were evaluated for temporal changes in: (1) taxonomic and functional alpha diversity, (2) taxonomic and functional composition (beta diversity), and (3) identifying potential abiotic and biotic drivers of these changes, considering three censuses across a period of 10 years.</p> <p> </p> <h2>Files description:</h2> <p><strong>traits-adults.csv</strong> - adult tree species and their functional traits values.</p> <p><strong>traits-juveniles.csv</strong> - juvenile tree species and their functional trait values.</p> <p><strong>abundance-adults_synthesis.csv</strong> - adult tree species abundance over the three time periods of forest surveys (T1, T2, and T3). Raw data on tree individual level is available at ForestPlots.net database (<a href="https://forestplots.net/">https://forestplots.net/</a>) under request.</p> <p><strong>abundance-juveniles_synthesis.csv</strong> - juvenile tree species abundance over the three time periods of forest surveys (T1, T2, and T3). Raw data on tree individual level is available at ForestPlots.net database (<a href="https://forestplots.net/">https://forestplots.net/</a>) under request.</p> <p>Functional traits abbreviations are defined as follows: LA = leaf area; SLA = specific leaf area; WD = wood density; SM = seed mass; range_temp = range of mean annual temperature; range_CWD = range of climatological water deficit; and biomes_distrib = number of Brazilian biomes that the species occur according to Flora and Funga do Brazil.</p> <p> </p> <h2><strong>Acknowledgments</strong></h2> <p>This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brazil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001, through Portal de Periódicos and scholarships granted to JMFK, JK and RCP. The fieldwork was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS grant numbers 2218 – 2551/12-2 and 19/2551-0001698-0), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq/FAPERGS/PELD number 441590/2020-9), and the Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) in Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, supported by MCTIC/CNPq (grant number 465610/2014-5). KMB gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the National Institute of Science and Technology in Low Carbon Emission Agriculture (INCT-ABC) sponsored by Brazil’s National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, grant no. 406635/2022-6), the Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (Fapergs, grant no. 22/2551-0000392-3), and the Ministry of Agriculture (MAPA). SCM is supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq; grant number 309659/2019-1.</p> <p> </p> <h3><strong>Please find below the data used in the study.</strong></h3>
Fig. 2 in Allelic Diversity Of The Beta-Amylase Gene Bmy1 In Latvian Barley Breeding Lines
Fig. 2. Genotyping on the (1+6) bp Indel. A – (1+6) bp insertion; B – (1+6) bp deletion; C – heterozygote.
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