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24 results for “Bettongia”
Eastern bettong (Bettongia gaimardi) reintroduced to Mulligan's Flat Woodland Sanctuary and Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve: DArT SNPs + individual information
<p>Incorporating genetic data into conservation programmes improves management outcomes, but the impact of different sample-grouping methods on genetic diversity analyses is poorly understood. To this end, the multi-source reintroduction of the eastern bettong (<em>Bettongia gaimardi</em>) was used as a long-term case study to investigate how sampling regimes may affect common genetic metrics, and hence management decisions. The dataset comprised 5307 SNPs sequenced across 263 individuals. Samples included 45 founders from five genetically distinct Tasmanian source regions, and 218 of their descendants captured during annual monitoring at Mulligan's Flat Woodland Sanctuary (MFWS; 121 samples across eight generations), and Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve (TNR; 97 samples across nine generations). The most management-informative sampling regime was found to be generational cohorts, providing detailed long-term trends in genetic diversity. When these generation-specific trends were not investigated, recent changes in population genetics were masked, and it became apparent that management recommendations would be less appropriate. The results also illuminated the importance of considering establishment and persistence as separate phases of a multi-source reintroduction. The establishment phase (useful for informing early adaptive management) should consist of no less than two generations, and continue until admixture is achieved (admixture defined here as >80% of individuals possessing >60% of source genotypes, with no one source composing >70% of >20% individuals' genotype) is achieved. This ensures that the persistence phase analyses of population trends remain minimally biased. Based on this case study, we recommend that emphasis be given to the value of generationally specific analyses, and that conservation programmes collect DNA samples throughout the establishment and persistence phases, and avoid collecting genetic samples only when analysis is imminent. We also recommend that population genetic analyses for multi-source reintroductions consider whether admixture has been achieved when calculating descriptive genetic metrics. </p>
Fig. 11 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)
Fig. 11. Transmission electron micrograph of an epimastigote and an amastigote of G2 (Clade A). (A) Epimastigote in culture; Ax: Axoneme showing nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a central pair; Ac: Acidocalcisomes; Arrow: Subpellicular microtubules. (B) Amastigote inside a VERO cell. Scale bars = 0.5 µm (A), 1 µm (B).
Fig. 9 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)
Fig. 9. Infection of Vero (A) and L6 cells (B) with G2 (Clade A) and T. cruzi as a positive control of infection (Diff-Quick stained). (A) Intracellular amastigotes of G2. (B) Intracellular amastigotes of T. cruzi. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Fig. 8 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)
Fig. 8. Epimastigotes of G1 and G2 (Clade A) arranged in rosettes in culture. (A) Diff-Quick stained rosettes. (B) Rosettes in fresh wet preparations showing numerous intracellular acidocalcisomes. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Fig. 7 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)
Fig. 7. Light microscopy of Diff-Quick stained blood and culture forms of G1 and G2 (Clade A) (A) Trypomastigote in blood of a woylie naturally infected; (B) slender epimastigote in culture; (C and D) shaped epimastigote in culture; (E) spheromastigote in culture; (F) spheromastigotes dividing in culture. Scale bars = 10 µm.
Fig. 6 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)
Fig. 6. Structures suggestive of amastigotes (arrows) of G2 (Clade A) in heart tissue positive by PCR (H&E stained). Scale bars = (A) 20 µm, (B) 10 µm.
Fig. 5 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)
Fig. 5. Histopathology of two woylies naturally infected with G2 (Clade A) (H&E stained). (A) Multifocal, moderate to severe, chronic, pyogranulomatous myocarditis and (B) endocarditis. (C) Mineralisation of heart tissue. (D) Tongue showing multifocal, moderate, chronic, pyogranulomatous glossitis. (E) Skeletal muscle degeneration. (F) Inflammatory cells around a blood vessel. Scale bars = 20 µm.
Fig. 3 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)
Fig. 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the new trypanosome isolates from Western Australian marsupials based on gGAPDH sequences (~810 bp) using Mr Bayes. The tree was rooted with five sequences as outgroups. Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown at nodes. Bar, 0.07 substitutions per site.
Fig. 10 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)
Fig. 10. Scanning electron micrograph of G2 (Clade A) grown in culture with Vero cells. (A) Trypomastigote invading a cell, with the flagella still external to the cell. (B) Dead cell(s) surrounded by amastigotes and trypomastigotes. Scale bars = 2 µm (A), 4 µm (B).
Fig. 4 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)
Fig. 4. Prevalence of infection with trypanosomes within the different clades in woylies from the stable and declining populations. 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
Fig. 2 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)
Fig. 2. Phylogenetic analysis of the relationships between Australian trypanosomes based on 18S rDNA sequences. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by the Bayesian method sequences (~1410 bp). (B) Phylogenetic position of shorter 18S rDNA sequences (786 bp) CHA1, TRY1, TRY2, WYA1, WYA2, BDA1, Q3, Q10, GP63 and GP94. Threes were rooted with from Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown at nodes. In red: trypanosome genotypes found in this study. Bar, 0.2 substitutions per site.
Fig. 2 in A new species of Potoroxyuris (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) from the woylie Bettongia penicillata (Marsupialia: Potoroidae) from southwestern Australia
Fig. 2. Photomicrographs of Potoroxyuris keninupensis n. sp. and P. potoroo. (A) eggs of P. keninupensis n. sp. from faeces, one with the operculum open. (B) En face view of a female specimen of P. keninupensis n. sp. showing pharyngeal lobes. The amphid (am) and both submedian papillae (p) are in focus on the left side of the oral opening. The granule to the right of the dorsal lobe is an artefact. (C) Dorso-lateral optical section of a ventro-lateral pharyngeal lobe of allotype female P. keninupensis n. sp. (D) Lateral view of a ventro-lateral pharyngeal lobe of a female P. potoroo from AHC 47720. Scale bars: (A‾B) 50 Mm, (C‾D) 20 Mm.
Fig. 3 in A new species of Potoroxyuris (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) from the woylie Bettongia penicillata (Marsupialia: Potoroidae) from southwestern Australia
Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of specimens of Potoroxyuris keninupensis n. sp. (A‾B) Female anterior end showing submedian papillae, amphids, mouth collar and pharyngeal lobes. Arrows indicate the ventral wrinkled zone on the posterior edge of the mouth collar. (C‾D) Male caudal region showing caudal papillae and cloacal opening. Scale bars all 10 Mm.
Fig. 1. 1 in A new species of Potoroxyuris (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) from the woylie Bettongia penicillata (Marsupialia: Potoroidae) from southwestern Australia
Fig. 1. 1‾10. Line drawings of Potoroxyuris keninupensis n. sp. (1‾8) and P. potoroo (9‾10). (1) whole female, lateral view, (2) whole male, lateral view, (3) cloacal region of male, lateral view, (4) en face view of female, (5) egg from uterus, with the position of the operculum indicated by an arrow, (6) anterior end of male, lateral view, (7) anterior end of female, lateral view, (8) detail of pharyngeal lobe of female, (9) detail of pharyngeal lobe of female P. potoroo (AHC 47720), (10) anterior end of female P. potoroo (AHC 47720). Scale bars: (1): 500 Mm, (2): 200 Mm, (3): 40 Mm, (4‾7) and (10): 20 Mm, (8‾9): 10 Mm.
Fig. 3 in Debilitating disease in a polyparasitised woylie (Bettongia penicillata): A diagnostic investigation
Fig. 3. Ventral view of the head of the woylie, showing severe, diffuse hair loss and inflammation affecting the chin. Excoriated, thickened lip margins are also visible.
Fig. 2 in Debilitating disease in a polyparasitised woylie (Bettongia penicillata): A diagnostic investigation
Fig. 2. Lateral view of the head of the woylie, showing severe hair loss and inflammation, patchy haemorrhage (top of head, ears and mouth), and crusting.
Fig. 1 in Debilitating disease in a polyparasitised woylie (Bettongia penicillata): A diagnostic investigation
Fig. 1. Map depicting our study sites within the Upper Warren Region. As shown on the right, Walcott is located approximately 20km north-west of Perup Sanctuary.
Fig. 5 in Debilitating disease in a polyparasitised woylie (Bettongia penicillata): A diagnostic investigation
Fig. 5. Lateral view of the woylie, depicting hair loss over the hindlimbs (medial thighs, tibia), tail base and tail (proximal 2 inches of tail have been clipped for blood collection) with scabbing/skin flakes evident over the flanks and rump.
Eastern bettong (Bettongia gaimardi) reintroduced to Mulligan's Flat Woodland Sanctuary and Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve: DArT SNPs + individual information
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Fig. 1 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)
Fig. 1. Geographical origin of the different species of marsupials trapped in this study.
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