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129 results for “Biodiversity change”
Climate Change Impacts on Forest Biodiversity at Harvard Forest since 2011
Climate change is rapidly transforming forests over much of the globe in ways that are not anticipated by current science. Large-scale forest diebacks, apparently linked to interactions involving drought, warm winters, and other species, are becoming alarmingly frequent. Models of biodiversity and climate have not provided guidance on if/where/when such responses will occur. Instead models often predict potential numbers of extinctions, but these forecasts not are linked in any mechanistic way to the processes that could cause them. Both modeling and field studies rely on aggregate metrics of species presence/absence or relative abundance at regional scales, but climate affects individuals. Aggregation of individual data to the species level, hides or even qualitatively changes climate effects. By sampling and analysis at the individual scale across continental variation in climate, this study can link the individual scale processes to regional responses. This study will exploit existing research sites and the new NEON platform of sites for synthesis of models and data to determine when and where predicting climate impacts on biodiversity is a plausible goal, understand where surprises are likely to occur, and attribute those predictions back to individual tree health and vulnerability to climate risk factors. The study will provide climate vulnerability forecasts for forest biodiversity that are directly linked to the process scale. Our goal is provide probabilistic forecasts for the joint distribution of forest responses to climate change, including growth, reproduction, and mortality risk. For scientists, US Forest Service researchers, and policy makers predictions will anticipate combined risks of increasing drought and longer growing seasons. Methods developed under this project will be disseminated through training workshops for postdoctoral associates at other universities and resource managers.
Database of indicators to evaluate the contribution of urban nature-based solutions to climate change adaptation, biodiversity conservation, and social justice
<p>Supplementary data used within the publication: Goodwin, S., Olazabal, M., Castro, A. J., & Pascual, U. (2024). Measuring the contribution of nature-based solutions beyond climate adaptation in cities. <em>Global Environmental Change</em>, <em>89</em>, 102939. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102939">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2024.102939</a>. Please also cite this paper when citing this database.</p> <div> <div>Within this database, you can find a list of indicators used to evaluate the contribution of a collection of 74 nature-based solutions (NbS) to climate change adaptation and related biodiversity and social justice challenges in cities. This list of indicators may be useful to those working in cities to provide inspiration for similar indicators they may wish to use to evaluate NbS in their city. This collection of NbS was drawn from previous work published in <em>Nature Sustainability</em> <a href="https://rdcu.be/c4tjk">here</a>.</div> <div> </div> </div> <p><em>The project that gave rise to these results received the support of a fellowship from the “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434). The fellowship code is “LCF/BQ/DI20/11780006”. Marta Olazabal’s research is funded by the European Union (ERC, IMAGINE adaptation, 101039429). This research is further supported by María de Maeztu Excellence Unit 2023-2027 (ref. CEX2021-001201-M), funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades/Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) (Spain) (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/); and by the Basque Government through the BERC 2022-2025 program. </em></p> <p><em>Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.</em></p>
Mediterranean risk assessment data based on the concurrency between climate change, fisheries, stocks, and biodiversity
<p>Data associated to the paper "Detecting Ecosystem Risk Hotspots: A Mediterranean Case Study" by G. Coro, L. Pavirani, A. Ellenbroek.</p>
Data from: A sedimentary eDNA record of the Atacama Trench reveals biodiversity changes in the most productive marine ecosystem
<p>The hadopelagic environment remains highly understudied due to the inherent difficulties in sampling at these depths. The use of sediment eDNA can overcome some of these restrictions as settled and preserved DNA represent an archive of the biological communities. We use sediment eDNA to assess changes in the community within one of the world's most productive open ocean ecosystems: the Atacama Trench. The ecosystems around the Atacama Trench have been intensively fished and are affected by climate oscillations, but the understanding of potential impacts on the marine community is limited. We sampled five sites using sediment cores at water depths from 2400 to ~8000m. The chronologies of the sedimentary record were determined using 210Pbex. Environmental DNA was extracted from core slices and metabarcoding was used to identify the eukaryote community using two separate primer pairs for different sections of the 18S rDNA gene (V9 and V7) effectively targeting pelagic taxa. The reconstructed communities were similar among markers and mainly composed of chordates and members of the Chromista kingdom. Alpha-diversity was estimated for all sites in intervals of 15 years (from 1842 to 2018), showing a severe drop in biodiversity from 1970 to 1985 that aligns with one of the strongest known El Niño events. We argue that the harsh adverse ENSO events potentially combined with extensive fishing efforts during this period of time resulted in a distinct reduction of marine biodiversity. Fish and cnidarian read abundance was examined separately to determine if fishing had a direct impact, but no direct relation was found. These results demonstrate that sediment eDNA can be a valuable emerging tool providing insight in historical perspectives on ecosystem developments. This study constitutes one of the first steps toward an improved understanding of the importance of environmental and anthropogenic drivers in affecting open and deep ocean communities.</p>
Fig. 6 in Climate change, biodiversity, ticks and tick-borne diseases: The butterfly effect
Fig. 6. Podolica cattle in the Gallipoli Cognato Regional Park, Basilicata, southern Italy. These cattle move freely within the park's territory, helping in disseminating Ixodes ricinus to different altitudes (from 200 m to over 1000 m).
Fig. 5. A in Climate change, biodiversity, ticks and tick-borne diseases: The butterfly effect
Fig. 5. A male of the winter tick Haemaphysalis inermis collected in a cold winter day in January 2010 in Basilicata, southern Italy.
Fig. 4 in Climate change, biodiversity, ticks and tick-borne diseases: The butterfly effect
Fig. 4. Shanghai, China: the largest city proper by population in the world. China is the world's largest carbon emitter; it accounted for 29% of global total emissions in 2012 (Olivier et al., 2013).
Fig. 3 in Climate change, biodiversity, ticks and tick-borne diseases: The butterfly effect
Fig. 3. Deforestation of Atlantic rainforest for the establishment of banana tree plantations in Amaraji, north-eastern Brazil.
Fig. 1 in Climate change, biodiversity, ticks and tick-borne diseases: The butterfly effect
Fig. 1. Climate change is contributing to sea level rise. The Boa Viagem beach is a tourist destination in Recife, north-eastern Brazil. If current trends in sea level rise persist, cities like Recife may be literally swallowed the sea in the coming decades.
Fig. 2 in Climate change, biodiversity, ticks and tick-borne diseases: The butterfly effect
Fig. 2. Sloth found on a road that crosses a region of Atlantic rainforest in Aldeia, north-eastern Brazil. Crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) and other wild animals are commonly seen crossing this road and are frequently victims of car crashes.
Fig. 5 in Ammonoid biodiversity changes across the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in the Yezo Group, Hokkaido, Japan
Fig. 5. Temporal changes in faunal components of ammonoid species richness in the Mikasa area. Abbreviations: CIUs, carbon isotopic units; e., early; m., middle.
Fig. 4 in Ammonoid biodiversity changes across the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in the Yezo Group, Hokkaido, Japan
Fig. 4. Temporal changes in ammonoid species richness, extinction, and origination rates in the Mikasa, Obira, and Oyubari areas. Abbreviations: CIUs, carbon isotopic units; CTBE, Cenomanian–Turonian boundary event; e., early; m., middle.
Fig. 2 in Ammonoid biodiversity changes across the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in the Yezo Group, Hokkaido, Japan
Fig. 2. Composite columnar sections in the Mikasa (A), Obira (B), and Oyubari (C) areas and the stratigraphical levels of macrofossil datum planes used in the present study. The shaded portion shows the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary event (CTBE). The molluscan fossil data are from Tanabe et al. (1977), Futakami (1986), Kurihara and Kawabe (2003), Funaki and Hirano (2004), Kurihara et al. (2007) and unpublished original data. The planktonic foraminiferal zonation and the CTBE are from Hasegawa (1997, 1999), Nishi et al. (2003), Kurihara (2006), and Uramoto et al. (2007, 2009). Abbreviations: Ka, Katsurazawa Formation; Hk, Hikagenosawa Formation; mdst, mudstone; sdst, sandstone; A. nipponicus, Actinoceramus nipponicus; Hel. helvetica, Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica; I. hobetsensis, Inoceramus hobetsensis nonsulcatus; I. kamuy, Inoceramus kamuy; W. arc., Whiteinella archaeocretacea.
Fig. 3 in Ammonoid biodiversity changes across the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in the Yezo Group, Hokkaido, Japan
Fig. 3. Correlation of Upper Cretaceous δ13C stratigraphy of terrestrial organic materials in the Mikasa, Obira, and Oyubari areas, Japan and reference δ13C stratigraphy of carbonates in Europe (after Jarvis et al. 2006). Six carbon isotopic units (CIUs) were identified in the present study. Abbreviations: e., early; m., middle; PDB, Pee Dee Belemnite Standard; Aj, Acanthoceras jukesbrownei; An, Actinoceramus nipponicus; Ar, Acanthoceras rhotomagense; Ca, Calycoceras spp.; Cg, Calycoceras guerangeri; Ci, Cunningtoniceras inertme; Cu, Cunningtoniceras spp.; Cw, Collignoniceras woollgari; Fc, Fagesia catinus; Ih, Inoceramus hobetsensis; Ik, Inoceramus kamuy; Md, Mantelliceras dixoni; Mg, Metoicoceras geslinianum; Mn, Mammites nodosoides; Nj, Neocardioceras juddii; Wd, Watinoceras devonense.
F I G U R E 1 A in Linking plant functional traits to biodiversity under environmental change
F I G U R E 1 A diagram of the linkage between functional traits and biodiversity at multiple ecological scales. Across different scales, the diagram includes the response of functional traits to different environmental conditions, interactions under shifts in community structure and ecosystem functioning, which affect species' survival or extinction, and thus biodiversity. The diagram is constructed following a bottom‐up logic based on individual traits and aims to facilitate future trait‐diversity models to predict biodiversity responses under environmental change.
Data and analysis code for Repo et al., "Contrasting forest management strategies: impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services under changing climate and disturbance regimes"
<p>This repository contains analysis code and pre-processed data for the study "Contrasting forest management strategies: impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services under changing climate and disturbance regimes" by Repo et al.<br>Data processing and analysis mainly done by Aapo Jantunen, Katharina Albrich<br>Due to respository space limitations, the original model outputs are archived in the Finnish "Allas" data storage service. For access, contact katharina.albrich@luke.fi<br>The code used to process the raw data is included here for reproducibility.</p> <p>If you are interested in using iLand, visit https://iland-model.org/ and https://iland-model.org/iland-book/ for information on using the model and a guide to setting up a landscape.</p> <p><span>This work was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry by funding project Future multifunctional forests and their disturbance risk in the changing climate (Foster) through the “Catch the Carbon” initiative (<span>project number VN/28654/2020)</span>. A.R. has been supported by the grant [TRACY Trade-offs and synergies in land-based climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation decision 322066 by the Academy of Finland.], J. H by the grant [CASCADE - Changing Disturbance Regimes and Forest Landscapes of Fennoscandia 342569 by the Academy of Finland]. </span></p> <p> </p>
Figs. 18–21. Endemic insects. 18 in Socotra Archipelago - a lifeboat in the sea of changes: advancement in Socotran insect biodiversity survey
Figs. 18–21. Endemic insects. 18 – Pachysmopoda abbreviata (Taschenberg, 1883) (Tettigoniidae), female, Madboh Sinhin plateau, 12.xi.2010; 19 – Julodis clouei Buquet, 1843 (Buprestidae), Noged plain, 10.xi.2010 (Photo J. Hájek); 20 – Mallodon arabicum Buquet, 1843 (Cerambycidae), male, Firmihin plateau, 16.xi.2010; 20 – Acraea neobule socotrana Rebel, 1907 (Nymphalidae), mating pair, Skant, 12.xi.2010.
Figs. 12–13. Endemic flowering plants. 12 in Socotra Archipelago - a lifeboat in the sea of changes: advancement in Socotran insect biodiversity survey
Figs. 12–13. Endemic flowering plants. 12 – Croton sulcifructus (Wadi Madar); 13 – Hypericum scopulorum (Skant).
Figs. 14–15 in Socotra Archipelago - a lifeboat in the sea of changes: advancement in Socotran insect biodiversity survey
Figs. 14–15. Examples of vegetation cover: Crotonion sulcifructi alliance. 14 – Leucado hagghierensi-Pittosporetum viridiflorum association, Skant Mt. env., forest meadow, 1,450 m a.s.l. (Photo: L. Purchart, 2010); 15 – Trichodesmo scotii-Cephalocrotonetum socotrani association, Wadi Madar, open steppe forest, 1,180–1,230 m a.s.l.
Figs. 16–17. Endemic insects. 16 in Socotra Archipelago - a lifeboat in the sea of changes: advancement in Socotran insect biodiversity survey
Figs. 16–17. Endemic insects. 16 – Amitermes socotrensis Harris, 1954 (Termitidae) – chambers inside the ground nest, Madboh Sirhin plateau, 12.xi.2010; 17 – Azuragrion granti (McLachlan, 1903) (Coenagrionidae) – mating pair, Ayhaft, 7-8.xi.2010 (Photo J. Hájek).
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.