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116 results for “Bird responses”
CBC02 Winter-spring survival and response of birds to variable climate using mist-net captures at Konza Prairie
This dataset includes captures of small-bodied landbirds captured via passive mist-netting efforts. The objectives are to (a) initiate a long-term survey of the non-breeding birds of the site, (b) understand the behavioral and physiological mechanisms that allow birds to cope with the unpredictable, variable, and often harsh conditions during winter months, and (c) provide a training platform for students. The collection of this dataset is fully integrated into the teaching of “Wild Bird Research” (an undergraduate hands-on research course in the Division of Biology) and less formal instruction in bird research methods for graduate students. Additionally, the banding efforts have benefited from the engagement of Konza Prairie docents and frequently hosts class visits and other visitors interested in witness bird banding operations.
PBG05 Response of bird abundance to the Patch-Burn Grazing experiment at Konza Prairie
‘PBG’ datasets are associated with a long-term, large-scale study that is addressing the effects of fire-grazing interactions in the context of a Patch-Burn Grazing management system designed to promote grassland heterogeneity. Effects of patch-burn grazing management on plant and animal diversity and the nature and variety of wildlife habitat are being assessed in two replicate management units, each consisting of three pastures (watersheds) designated C03A/C03B/C03C and C3SA/C3SB/C3SC. In each patch-burn grazing unit, one watershed is burned and two that are left unburned in a given year. The burning treatments are rotated annually so that each pasture is burned every third year. Each patch-burn grazing unit is paired with an annually-burned pasture for comparison with traditional grazing systems (C01A and C1SB). All grazing units are stocked with cow/calf pairs from approximately 1 May until 1 Oct at a stocking density equal to 3.2 ha per cow/calf. To examine the impact of patch burning and grazing in all 8 units, we monitor changes in plant species composition, residual biomass, grassland bird populations, insect populations, small mammal populations, soil nutrients, and stream water quality1 (1C3SA/C3SB/C3SC unit only). The KSU Department of Animal Science monitors cattle performance, including weight gain and body condition to assess the economic feasibility of using patch-burn management on a widespread basis. This data set focuses on variation in avian abundance, diversity, and nesting activity between patch-burned and uniformly-burned pastures at Konza Prairie Biological Station. Three watershed units (C3A, C3B, C3C) constitute 'patches' that are alternately burned in a 3-year rotation within a single, fenced pasture (i.e., patch-burn grazing). Two additional watersheds serve as controls: a grazed, annually/uniformly-burned watershed (C1A) and an ungrazed, annually/uniformly-burned watershed (1D). Eight, 300-m line transects were established in each watersh
Data for "Phenotypic responses to climate change are significantly dampened in big-brained birds"
<p>Anthropogenic climate change is rapidly altering local environments and threatening biodiversity throughout the world. Although many wildlife responses to this phenomenon appear largely idiosyncratic, a wealth of basic research on this topic is enabling the identification of general patterns across taxa. Here we expand those efforts by investigating how avian responses to climate change are affected by the ability to cope with ecological variation through behavioral flexibility (as measured by relative brain size). After accounting for the effects of phylogenetic uncertainty and interspecific variation in adaptive potential, we confirm that although climate warming is generally correlated with major body size reductions in North American migrants, these responses are significantly weaker in species with larger relative brain sizes. Our findings suggest that cognition can play an important role in organismal responses to global change by actively buffering individuals from the environmental effects of warming temperatures.</p>
Data from: Species richness and evenness of European bird communities show differentiated responses to measures of productivity
<p>Understanding patterns of species diversity is crucial for ecological research and conservation, and this understanding may be improved by studying patterns in the two components of species diversity, species richness and evenness of abundance of species. Variation in species richness and evenness has previously been linked to variation in total abundance of communities as well as productivity gradients. Exploring both components of species diversity is essential because these components could be unrelated or driven by different mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between species richness and evenness in European bird communities along an extensive latitudinal gradient. We examined their relationships with latitude and Net Primary Productivity, which determines energy and matter availability for heterotrophs, as well as their responses to territory densities (i.e., the number of territories per area) and community biomass (i.e., the bird biomass per area). We applied a multivariate Poisson log-normal distribution to unique long-term, high-quality time-series data, allowing us to estimate species richness of the community as well as the variance of this distribution, which acts as an inverse measure of evenness. Evenness in the distribution of abundance of species in the community was independent of species richness. Species richness increased with increasing community biomass, as well as with increasing density. Since both measures of abundance were explained by NPP, species richness was partially explained by energy-diversity theory (i.e., the more energy, the more species sustained by the ecosystem). However, species richness did not increase linearly with NPP but rather showed a unimodal relationship. Evenness was not explained either by productivity nor by any of the aspects of community abundance. This study highlights the importance of considering both richness and evenness to gain a better understanding of variation in species diversity. We encourage the study of both components of species diversity in future studies, as well as use of simulation studies to verify observed patterns between richness and evenness.</p>
Data from: Species richness and evenness of European bird communities show differentiated responses to measures of productivity
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Differential responses to weather and land-cover conditions explain spatial variation in winter abundance trends in a migratory bird of conservation concern
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Data from: Quality versus quantity: Response of riparian bird communities to aquatic insect emergence in agro-ecosystems
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Landscape heterogeneity shapes bird phylogenetic responses at forest-matrix interfaces in Atlantic Forest, Brazil
<p>Agricultural intensification is one of the major factors driving biodiversity loss. However, most studies in human-dominated landscapes have used taxonomic diversity in their analysis, ignoring evolutionary relationships. Consequently, the relationship between landscape structure and phylogenetic diversity is not well understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that landscape heterogeneity is positively related to bird phylogenetic indexes of diversity and structure, leading to over-dispersed phylogenies in very heterogeneous landscapes. We analyzed phylogenetic responses in interfaces between forest edges and anthropogenic matrices (forest-pasture and forest-eucalyptus) using generalized linear mixed models. We also compared these indexes between land covers to assess which one best preserves the phylogenetic history of communities. We used both traditional phylogenetic indexes and those corrected for species richness. Our results showed that phylogenetic diversity varied significantly between land cover types, but this did not occur when we removed effects associated with species richness, suggesting that all land covers preserve similar levels of evolutionary history. Additionally, our best models showed a positive relationship between landscape heterogeneity and bird phylogenetic indexes of diversity and structure, but the strength of these relationships may be land-cover dependent. In summary, our work highlights the influence of landscape heterogeneity on the phylogenetic diversity and structure of bird communities, reinforcing the need for its incorporation into conservation-based studies.</p>
BIRD: Big Impulse Response Dataset
<p>BIRD is an open dataset that consists of 100,000 multichannel room impulse responses generated using the image method. This makes it the <strong>largest multichannel open dataset currently available</strong>. We provide some Python code that shows how to download and use this dataset to perform online data augmentation. The code is compatible with the PyTorch dataset class, which eases integration in existing deep learning projects based on this framework.</p>
Data from: Does metabolism constrain bird and mammal ranges and predict shifts in response to climate change?
Mechanistic approaches for predicting the ranges of endotherms are needed to forecast their responses to environmental change. We test whether physiological constraints on maximum metabolic rate and the factor by which endotherms can elevate their metabolism (metabolic expansibility) influence cold range limits for mammal and bird species. We examine metabolic expansibility at the cold range boundary (MECRB) and whether species' traits can predict variability in MECRB and then use MECRB as an initial approach to project range shifts for 210 mammal and 61 bird species. We find evidence for metabolic constraints: the distributions of metabolic expansibility at the cold range boundary peak at similar values for birds (2.7) and mammals (3.2). The right skewed distributions suggest some species have adapted to elevate or evade metabolic constraints. Mammals exhibit greater skew than birds, consistent with their diverse thermoregulatory adaptations and behaviors. Mammal and bird species that are small and occupy low trophic levels exhibit high levels of MECRB. Mammals with high MECRB tend to hibernate or use torpor. Predicted metabolic rates at the cold range boundaries represent large energetic expenditures (>50% of maximum metabolic rates). We project species to shift their cold range boundaries poleward by an average of 3.9° latitude by 2070 if metabolic constraints remain constant. Our analysis suggests that metabolic constraints provide a viable mechanism for initial projections of the cold range boundaries for endotherms. However, errors and approximations in estimating metabolic constraints (e.g., acclimation responses) and evasion of these constraints (e.g., torpor/hibernation, microclimate selection) highlight the need for more detailed, taxa‐specific mechanistic models. Even coarse considerations of metabolism will likely lead to improved predictions over exclusively considering thermal tolerance for endotherms.
Community and species-specific responses of coastal birds to COVID-19 "anthropause" in the largest hypersaline lagoon of South America
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Rapid responses of bees and butterflies but not birds to targeted urban road verge habitat enhancements
<p>Cities provide opportunities for biodiversity conservation through the design of urban greenspaces as wildlife habitat. A significant proportion of urban public land is narrow linear road verges, though their small size and harsh environmental conditions (e.g. high soil temperatures) may limit their ability to support plants and animals. We worked with a municipal government in a highly urbanised area to test whether conversion of standard road verges (e.g. lawn) to predominantly native understorey plants (forbs, grasses, and shrubs) selected for their abilities to tolerate harsh growing conditions and provide habitat increased the abundance and richness of bees, butterflies, and birds. We used a before-after-control-impact experiment and characterised temporal dynamics of biodiversity responses one year prior to planting and four years post planting. We also tested whether traits known to influence species responses to urbanisation (body size and feeding specialisation) mediated responses to road verge plantings. Bee species richness and abundance increased at experimental plantings in the first post-planting year and remained stable thereafter despite fluctuations at control sites. Butterfly abundance but not richness increased, and there was no evidence of bird responses to plantings. Larger bee species, which are known to be most negatively impacted by urbanisation, benefited more from the road verge plantings, while there was no effect of feeding specialisation. Bird and butterfly traits did not mediate responses to plantings. </p> <p><em>Synthesis and applications: </em>Road verges comprise a significant proportion of urban green spaces, and our results suggest that despite their small sizes and harsh environmental conditions they can provide habitat for bees and to a lesser extent butterflies. We demonstrated that habitat value can be rapidly enhanced by converting standard road verges to native understorey plants, and that these benefits may be greatest for the bee species most negatively impacted by urbanisation. Modifications such as additional plant species or wider verges may be required for urban road verges to provide habitat for a greater range of taxa including birds and butterflies.</p>
Testing hormonal responses to real and simulated social challenges in a competitive female bird
<p>Competitive interactions often occur in series; therefore animals may respond to social challenges in ways that prepare them for success in future conflict. Changes in the production of the steroid hormone testosterone (T) are thought to mediate phenotypic responses to competition, but research over the past few decades has yielded mixed results, leading to several potential explanations as to why T does not always elevate following a social challenge. Here, we measured T levels in tree swallows (<i>Tachycineta bicolor</i>), a system in which females compete for limited nesting cavities and female aggression is at least partially mediated by T. We experimentally induced social challenges in two ways: (1) using decoys to simulate territorial intrusions and (2) removing subsets of nesting cavities to increase competition among displaced and territory-holding females. Critically, these experiments occurred pre-laying, when females are physiologically capable of rapidly increasing circulating T levels. However, despite marked aggression in both experiments, T did <i>not</i> elevate following real or simulated social challenges, and in some cases, socially-challenged females had lower T levels than controls. Likewise, the degree of aggression was negatively correlated with T levels following a simulated territorial intrusion. Though not in line with the idea that social challenges prompt T elevation in preparation for future challenges, these patterns nevertheless connect T to territorial aggression in females. Coupled with past work showing that T promotes aggression, these results suggest that T may act rapidly to allow animals to adaptively respond to the urgent demands of a competitive event.</p>
Data from: Widespread bird species show idiosyncratic responses in residual body mass to selective logging and edge effects in the Colombian Western Andes
<p>This dataset consists of banding data (N = 1589 captures, 129 bird species), including morphological and breeding biology measures, collected from understory birds in subtropical cloudforest at roughly 2000 m.a.s.l. in the municipality of El Cairo in Colombia's Western Andes (Serrania de los Paraguas range). Roughly 8,350 net hours were divided into two three-month field seasons (June-August 2017 and January-March 2018), both corresponding to local dry seasons. Birds were banded along 500-meter transects in forest interior across a gradient of forest fragment patch sizes (N = 8 fragments, area range = 10-173 ha) and a private ~750 ha reserve (Reserva Natural Cerro El Ingles) in the same landscape. Each non-hummingbird capture was fitted with an aluminum leg band with a unique combination, and we collected data on mass, tarsus length, wing chord, pectoral muscle score, cloacal protuberance and brood patch score, and age and sex (where possible due to plumage differences). We captured 101 species (including 6 boreal migrants) in 844 captures (53%) during the January-March sampling period and 102 species in 745 captures during the June-August sampling period; each site was sampled during both sampling periods. The most captured bird families were Trochilidae (24 spp., 36% of total captures), Thraupidae (17 spp.), Tyrannidae (16 spp.), Furnariidae (14 spp.), and Turdidae (6 spp.).</p> <p>A subset of these data (uploaded as a separate file) were used to calculate body condition indices for 20 species of commonly captured birds (N = 984 captures) that occured across much of the patch size gradient (at least 8 out of 14 transects), and were related to fragment area and measures of edge and selective logging effects (see Jones et al. 2022). In this file, we include all predictor variables necessary to run the generalized linear mixed models in Jones et al. (2022), including proportion forest cover within 1 km (a proxy for patch size), edge density, average distance to forest edge from the netting transect, average canopy cover and height along the transect, multivariate measures of understory plant density, large-diameter tree density, and vertical vegetation structure, elevation of each transect, and average yearly rainfall for each transect.</p>
Replication data for: Demographic declines and responses of breeding bird populations to human footprint in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada
<p class="MsoNormal">This data package includes data files and an R script to reproduce results reported in the paper "Demographic declines and responses of breeding bird populations to human footprint in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada". Analyses include hierarchical multispecies models applied to data from 31 bird species at 38 Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) stations to assess 10-year (2011–2020) demographic trends and responses to energy sector disturbance (human footprint proportion) in the Athabasca oil sands region of Alberta, Canada. Adult captures, productivity, and residency probability all declined over the study period, and adult apparent survival probability also tended to decline. Trends in adult captures, productivity, and survival were all more negative at stations with larger increases in disturbance over the study period. Species associated with early seral stages were more commonly captured at more disturbed stations, while species typical of mature forests were more commonly captured at less disturbed stations. Productivity was positively correlated with disturbance within 5 km of stations after controlling for disturbance within 1 km of stations. Adult apparent survival showed relatively little response to disturbance; stresses experienced beyond the breeding grounds likely play a larger role in influencing survival. Residency probability was negatively related to disturbance within 1-km scale of stations and could reflect processes affecting the ability of birds to establish or maintain territories in disturbed landscapes.</p>
Behavioural changes in aposematic Heliconius melpomene butterflies in response to their predatory bird calls
<p>Prey-predator interactions have resulted in the evolution of many anti-predatory traits. One of them is the ability of prey to listen to predators and avoid them. Although prey anti-predatory behavioural responses to predator auditory cues are well described in a wide range of taxa, studies on whether butterflies change their behaviours in response to their predatory calls are lacking. <em>Heliconius </em>butterflies are unpalatable and form Müllerian mimicry rings as morphological defence strategies against their avian predators. Like many other butterflies in the <em>Nymphalidae </em>family, some <em>Heliconius </em>butterflies possess auditory organs, which are hypothesized to assist with predator detection. Here we test whether <em>Heliconius melpomene </em>changes their behaviour in response to their predatory bird calls by observing the behaviour of male and female <em>H. m. plessini </em>exposed to calls of <em>Heliconius</em> avian predators: rufous-tailed jacamar, migratory Eastern kingbird, and resident tropical kingbird. We also exposed them to the calls of the toco toucan, a frugivorous bird as a control bird call, and an amplified greenhouse background noise as a noise control. We found that individuals<em> </em>changed their behaviour in response to Jacamar calls only. Males increased their walking and fluttering behaviour, while females did not change their behaviour during the playback of the jacamar call. Intersexual behaviours like courtship, copulation, and abdomen lifting did not change in response to bird calls. Our findings suggest that despite having primary predatory defences like toxicity and being in a mimicry ring, <em>H. m. plessini </em>butterflies changed their behaviour in response to predator calls. Furthermore, this response was predator-specific, as <em>H. m. plesseni</em> did not respond to either the Eastern kingbird or the tropic kingbird calls. This suggests that <em>Heliconius</em> butterflies may be able to differentiate predatory calls, and potentially the birds associated with those calls.</p>
Functional responses in habitat selection as a management tool to evaluate agri-environment schemes for farmland birds
<p>The folder "functional_responses.zip" contains data analyzed for "Functional responses in habitat selection as a management tool to evaluate agri-environment schemes for farmland birds"</p> <p>The raw LPIS/IACS data are owned by the Saxon State Ministry for Energy, Climate Protection, Environment and Agriculture; they hold sensitive information and hence cannot be made publicly available. They can be requested from the agency for research purposes.</p> <p>Processed data are retrievable from .RDATA in "rdata_mixed_model" and "rdata_functional_responses" folders.</p> <p>"rscript" folder contains R functions of JAGS codes (jags_code.R), data processing (process.R), utility functions (utils.R), and figures (figure_all.R or figure_all_by_sp.R).</p> <p>Dg: Common whitethroat (Curruca communis)</p> <p>Fl: Eurasian skylark (Alauda arvensis)</p> <p>G: Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella)</p> <p>Ga: Corn bunting (Emberiza calandra)</p> <p> </p> <p>If you have questions regarding data, please contact ryo.ogawa@uni-bonn.de.</p>
Projecting boreal bird responses to climate change: the signal exceeds the noise
<p>Current and projected future potential boreal bird densities (4-km resolution)</p> <p>Citation for journal article associated with this dataset:<br> --------------------<br> Stralberg, D., S. M. Matsuoka, A. Hamann, E. M. Bayne, P. Sólymos, F. K. A. Schmiegelow, X. Wang, S. G. Cumming, and S. J. Song. 2015. Projecting boreal bird responses to climate change: the signal exceeds the noise. Ecological Applications 25:52-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/13-2289.1</p> <p>Coordinate System<br> ------------------<br> Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic<br> False Easting: 0.00000000<br> False Northing: 0.00000000<br> Central Meridian: -95.00000000<br> Standard Parallel 1: 49.00000000<br> Standard Parallel 2: 77.00000000<br> Latitude Of Origin: 0.00000000<br> Linear Unit: Meter<br> Datum: D WGS 1984</p> <p>Summary<br> -------<br> The boreal forest biome provides a resource-rich environment for breeding birds, supporting high species diversity and bird numbers. These birds are likely to shift their distributions northward in response to rapid climate change over the next century. We used a comprehensive dataset of avian point-count surveys from across boreal Canada and Alaska, combined with interpolated climate data, to develop bioclimatic niche models of current avian distribution and density for 80 boreal-breeding songbird species. We then used a downscaling of projected future climates to assess the potential for these species to change their distribution and abundance in response to climate change. Note that projections represent potential densities based on climatic conditions, land use and topography. They do not account for physiographic barriers such as the northern extent of the Rocky Mountains that may prevent colonization of otherwise suitable habitat. Therefore current species’ distributions may be over-estimated in certain regions, particularly in Alaska.</p> <p>Boosted regression tree models of species distribution were averaged across two sets of covariates (climate-only and climate + land use + topography), 11 bootstrap samples, and four global climate models. Mean projections and uncertainty estimates (coefficient of variation) are available for the current period (based on climate data from 1961-1990) and three future time periods (2011–2040, 2041­–2070, 2071–2100). Climate data layers available at tinyurl.com/ClimateNA.</p> <p>Contact<br> -------<br> Diana Stralberg, University of Alberta (stralber@ualberta.ca)<br> Boreal Avian Modelling Project (borealbirds.ca)</p> <p>Project sponsors<br> ----------------<br> Boreal Avian Modelling (BAM) Project<br> Alberta Biodiversity Management and Climate Change Adaptation Project</p> <p>Avian data providers<br> --------------<br> http://www.borealbirds.ca/index.php/data_partners<br> USGS Breeding Bird Survey<br> Breeding Bird Atlases of Canada</p> <p>BAM founding organisations and funders<br> --------------------------------------<br> Environment Canada<br> University of Alberta<br> Canadian BEACONs Project</p> <p>Financial supporters<br> --------------------<br> USFWS Neotropical Migratory Bird Conservation Act<br> Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarships</p> <p>Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute<br> Alberta Innovates Technology Futures<br> Alberta Pacific Forest Industries Inc.<br> Climate Change and Emissions Management Corporation<br> Joint Canada-Alberta Implementation Plan for Oil Sands Monitoring<br> Killam Trusts<br> Landscape Conservation Cooperatives<br> National Fish and Wildlife Foundation<br> Université Laval</p> <p>Species code definitions<br> ------------------------<br> Code Common name (Scientific name)<br> ALFL Alder Flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum) ‡<br> AMCR American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos)<br> AMGO American Goldfinch (Spinus tristis)<br> AMPI American Pipit (Anthus rubescens) ‡<br> AMRE American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla)<br> AMRO American Robin (Turdus migratorius) ‡<br> ATSP American Tree Sparrow (Spizella arborea) ‡<br> BAWW Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia)<br> BBWA Bay-breasted Warbler (Setophaga castanea)<br> BCCH Black-capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) ‡<br> BHCO Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater)<br> BHVI Blue-headed Vireo (Vireo solitarius)<br> BLBW Blackburnian Warbler (Setophaga fusca)<br> BLJA Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata)<br> BLPW Blackpoll Warbler (Setophaga striata) ‡<br> BOCH Boreal Chickadee (Poecile hudsonicus) ‡<br> BRBL Brewer’s Blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus)<br> BRCR Brown Creeper (Certhia americana) ‡<br> BTNW Black-throated Green Warbler (Setophaga virens)<br> CAWA Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis)<br> CCSP Clay-colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida)<br> CEDW Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum)<br> CHSP Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina) ‡<br> CMWA Cape May Warbler (Setophaga tigrina)<br> COGR Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula)<br> CONW Connecticut Warbler (Oporornis agilis)<br> CORA Common Raven (Corvus corax) ‡<br> CORE Common Redpoll (Acanthis flammea) ‡<br> COYE Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas)<br> CSWA Chestnut-sided Warbler (Setophaga pensylvanica)<br> DEJU Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) ‡<br> EAKI Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus)<br> EAPH Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe)<br> EVGR Evening Grosbeak (Coccothraustes vespertinus)<br> FOSP Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca) ‡<br> GCKI Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa) ‡<br> GCTH Gray-cheeked Thrush (Catharus minimus) ‡<br> GRAJ Gray Jay (Perisoreus canadensis) ‡<br> HETH Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) ‡<br> HOLA Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris) ‡<br> LCSP Le Conte's Sparrow (Ammodramus leconteii)<br> LEFL Least Flycatcher (Empidonax minimus)<br> LISP Lincoln's Sparrow (Melospiza lincolnii) ‡<br> MAWA Magnolia Warbler (Setophaga magnolia)<br> MOWA Mourning Warbler (Geothlypis philadelphia)<br> NAWA Nashville Warbler (Oreothlypis ruficapilla)<br> NOWA Northern Waterthrush (Parkesia noveboracensis) ‡<br> OCWA Orange-crowned Warbler (Oreothlypis celata) ‡<br> OSFL Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi) ‡<br> OVEN Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla)<br> PAWA Palm Warbler (Setophaga palmarum)<br> PHVI Philadelphia Vireo (Vireo philadelphicus)<br> PIGR Pine Grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator) ‡<br> PISI Pine Siskin (Spinus pinus) ‡<br> PUFI Purple Finch (Carpodacus purpureus)<br> RBGR Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus)<br> RBNU Red-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta canadensis) ‡<br> RCKI Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula) ‡<br> REVI Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus)<br> RUBL Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) ‡<br> RWBL Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus) ‡<br> SAVS Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) ‡<br> SOSP Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)<br> SWSP Swamp Sparrow (Melospiza georgiana)<br> SWTH Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus) ‡<br> TEWA Tennessee Warbler (Oreothlypis peregrina)<br> TRES Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) ‡<br> VATH Varied Thrush (Ixoreus naevius) ‡<br> VESP Vesper Sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus)<br> WAVI Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus)<br> WCSP White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) ‡<br> WETA Western Tanager (Piranga ludoviciana)<br> WEWP Western Wood-Pewee (Contopus sordidulus) ‡<br> WIWA Wilson's Warbler (Cardellina pusilla) ‡<br> WIWR Winter Wren (Troglodytes hiemalis)<br> WTSP White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis)<br> WWCR White-winged Crossbill (Loxia leucoptera) ‡<br> YBFL Yellow-bellied Flycatcher (Empidonax flaviventris)<br> YRWA Yellow-rumped Warbler (Setophaga coronata) ‡<br> YWAR Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia) ‡</p> <p>‡ symbols denote the 38 species currently breeding in the Alaskan boreal region.<br> </p>
Snake-like bird hisses induce anti-predator responses in a frog
<p>Mimicry is a fascinating natural phenomenon, yet the ecological role of vocal mimicry receives limited attention. Some snakes emit hissing calls and many birds perform such acoustic mimicry in order to deter potential predators. Here we hypothesize that snake-like hisses may evoke anti-predator responses in anuran species. We conducted sound playbacks to test how little torrent frogs (<em>Amolops</em> <em>torrentis</em>) varied their behaviors in response to white noise, snake hisses, and snake-like bird hisses. We found that snake hiss from sympatric king cobras (<em>Ophiophagus</em> <em>hannah</em>) could change calling behavior of little torrent frogs, while white noise and snake hiss from allopatric Gaboon vipers (<em>Bitis</em> <em>gabonica</em>) showed no influence. Calling frogs also had no response to white noise and great tit (<em>Parus</em> <em>major</em>) hisses, which had low acoustic similarity with snakes, while they decreased calling activity when exposed to zitting cisticola (<em>Cisticola</em> <em>juncidis</em>) hisses which had high acoustic similarity with snakes. In addition, more individuals cease calling during the playback of zitting cisticola hisses. These results suggest that both snake and snake-like hiss calls may evoke anti-predator responses in frog species. To our knowledge, this is the first study that attempts to reveal the effect of snake calls and avian vocal mimicry on anurans.</p>
Birds are better at regulating heat loss through their legs than their bills: Implications for body shape evolution in response to climate
Endotherms use their appendages – such as legs, tails, ears and bills – for thermoregulation by controlling blood flow to near-surface blood vessels, conserving heat when it is cold, and dissipating heat in hot conditions. Larger appendages allow greater heat dissipation, and appendage sizes vary latitudinally according to Allen's Rule. However, little is known about the relative importance of different appendages for thermoregulation. We investigate physiological control of heat loss via bird bills and legs using infra-red thermography of wild birds. Our results demonstrate that birds are less able to regulate heat loss via their bills than their legs. In cold conditions, birds lower their leg surface temperature to below that of their plumage surface, retaining heat at their core. In warm conditions, birds increase their leg surface temperature to above that of their plumage surface, expelling heat. In contrast, bill surface temperature remains ~2˚C warmer than the plumage surface, indicating consistent heat loss under almost all conditions. Poorer physiological control of heat loss via bird bills likely entails stronger selection for shorter bills in cold climates. This could explain why bird bills show stronger latitudinal size clines than bird legs, with implications for predicting shape-shifting responses to climate change.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.