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134 results for “Bison bison”
CBH01 Konza Prairie bison herd information
The purpose of this study is to monitor long-term changes in individual animal mass. The datasets include an annual summary of the bison herd structure, end-of-season weights of individual animals, and maternal parentage of individual bison.
CBM01 Plains bison movement patterns in an experimental heterogeneous landscape at Konza Prairie
This GPS-collar data set was used to evaluate the factors that influence where bison choose to graze and how grazing and space use patterns affect ecosystem function and structure. Our objectives were to quantify space use and movement patterns of adult female Plains bison in the context of selection for specific prescribed burn frequencies and topographical features in the bison-grazed watersheds at Konza Prairie. We hypothesized bison would track post-prescribed burn forage productivity and we predicted watersheds burned for the first time in several years would be used to a greater extent than watersheds burned more frequently.
SPW01 Spatial and physical characteristics of bison wallows on Konza Prairie since 2011
The objective of this study was to characterize spatial and physical attributes of bison wallows at the Konza Prairie Biological Station in northeastern Kansas. We used aerial imagery from two different years (2011 and 2019) to assess the abundance and spatial distribution of wallows in relation to fire frequency, elevation, and slope. We also recorded physical characteristics for a randomly selected subset of wallows (n = 966) and analyzed these data in relation to the same landscape features. Results indicate that wallows are more abundant on areas characterized by combinations of more frequent burning, higher elevations, and little or no slope. Wallows were smaller in areas burned more often and shallower at higher elevations, particularly when located on grazing lawns. Terrestrial plants were found in approximately 72.1% of the wallows sampled, and their prevalence increased with increasing slope. We found some quantity of aquatic plants in approximately 7.1% of the sampled wallows. The probability of finding aquatic vegetation in wallows was higher on grazing lawns and in areas burned less frequently, particularly every 20 years.
PEB01 Aboveground net primary productivity of tallgrass prairie based on accumulated plant biomass in grazing exclsoures on bison-grazed watersheds
Data set contains estimates of end-of-season standing crop biomass (grams per square meter) of live graminoids, forbs, woody plants, and previous year's dead vegetation in grazing exclosures. Date from exclosures is used to determine long-term effects of bison grazing on aboveground net primary productivity.
N cycling summary 2020-2022 of annually burned bison, cattle and ungrazed experimental watersheds on upland tallgrass prairie soils at the Konza Prairie Biological Station
Nitrogen (N) is a necessary element of soil fertility and a limiting nutrient in tallgrass prairie but grazers like bison and cattle can also recycle N. Bison and cattle impact the nitrogen (N) cycle by digesting forage that is consumed, and recycled back to the soil in a more available forms stimulating soil microbial N cycling activities. Yet we do not know how both grazers comparatively affect N cycling in tallgrass prairie. Thus, we investigated if bison cattle had similar impacts on N cycling in annually burned tallgrass prairie relative to ungrazed conditions over a 3-year period (2020-2022) at the Konza Prairie Biological Station. We took soil samples to investigate soil data: pH, soil water content, mineralized N, nitrification potential, denitrification potential and extracellular enzyme assays on upland soils of the Florence-Benfield complex soil map during the summer growing season from 2020 to 2022 on bison, cattle and ungrazed experimental watersheds at the Konza Prairie Biological Station. Soil sampling was undertaken once late in each summer growing season from 2020-2022. These years spanned a range of above-average rainfall (2020) to well below average (2021) and slightly below average (2022). We sampled along four 10-m transects, parallel to long-term plant sampling transects in each experimental watershed, in two bison grazed (N1A and N1B), two cattle grazed (C1A and C1B), and two ungrazed (1D and SpB) watersheds, all of which are burned annually.
JST01 Juniperus virginiana seedling trial with and without bison at Konza Prairie
We report the results of a 30-year experiment at Konza Prairie, a mesic grassland in the Central Great Plains, under fire suppression (20-year fire return intervals) and experimental presence/absence of bison. Based on remote sensing, the land cover of deciduous trees was lower (6% grazed vs. 16% ungrazed) in bison-grazed areas. There was no difference between shrub land cover (42% grazed and 41%) and herbaceous land cover was higher in the grazed vs the ungrazed (51% grazed and 40% ungrazed). The land cover of evergreen trees (Juniperus virginiana L.)—which disproportionately decreases native biodiversity and increases wildfire risk—was approximately 0% with bison compared to 4% without bison. In a seedling trial of J. virginiana L., we found eight times greater over-winter mortality in the bison treatment. Juniperus virginina seedlings were transplanted with and without bison to compare mortality rates.
FIG. 15 in Early bison remains from Mygdonia Basin (Northern Greece)
FIG. 15. — Bivariate diagram of the metapodial length (MLEN) and robusticity (IDML/MLEN %) comparing Leptobos etruscus Falconer, 1859 and several Eurasian Bison Hamilton Smith, 1827 samples and species: A, metacarpal III+IV; B, metatarsal III+IV. Abbreviation: IDML, greatest mediolateral diameter of inferior aspect of distal epiphysis.
FIG. 14 in Early bison remains from Mygdonia Basin (Northern Greece)
FIG. 14. — Bivariate diagram of the width of the posterior (DTp) and anterior (DTa) lobe of the m3, comparing several European Bison Hamilton Smith, 1827 samples and species (modified from Made et al. 2017). Bison schoetensacki Freudenberg, 1910 sample includes m3s from Mauer and Süssenborn, Germany.
FIG. 13 in Early bison remains from Mygdonia Basin (Northern Greece)
FIG. 13. — Bivariate diagram of lower teeth segments (length of the premolar row against length of the molar row), comparing several European Leptobos Rü- timeyer, 1877-1878 and Bison Hamilton Smith, 1827 samples and species.
FIG. 12 in Early bison remains from Mygdonia Basin (Northern Greece)
FIG. 12. — Bivariate diagram of basal horncore proportions [rostrocaudal (APD) against dorsoventral (DVD) diameter] comparing several European Leptobos Rütimeyer, 1877-1878 and Bison Hamilton Smith, 1827 samples and species. Dashed lines represent regressions of B. schoetensacki (Isernia la Pineta and Mauer) and B. priscus.
FIG. 10 in Early bison remains from Mygdonia Basin (Northern Greece)
FIG. 10. — Box plots of the body mass (in kg) variation of the local samples of bisons from Mygdonia Basin, based on estimations from (A) the metacarpal III+IV (see Material & Methods) and (B) the M1 occlusal area (following estimation equation by Legendre 1986). Abbreviations: APL, Apollonia-1; TSR, Tsiotra Vryssi; KLT, Kalamoto-2; KRI/KRM, Krimni. For a detailed weight analysis according to age and sex of the Apollonia population see Appendix 4.
FIG. 9 in Early bison remains from Mygdonia Basin (Northern Greece)
FIG. 9. — Bivariate diagram of the bison metacarpal III+IV proportions (length [MLEN] against distal width [IDML]) from the Mygdonia Basin. Abbreviations: APL, Apollonia-1; TSR, Tsiotra Vryssi; KLT, Kalamoto-2; KRI/KRM, Krimni; R2, Pearson coefficient. The dotted line represents linear regression of the APL sample.
FIG. 6 in Early bison remains from Mygdonia Basin (Northern Greece)
FIG. 6. — Horncores of Bison cf. degiulii (Masini, Palombo & Rozzi, 2013) from Apollonia-1, Greece:A, B,?left basal female horncore, APL-658, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views; C, D, right young male horncore, APL-310, dorsal (C) and caudal (D) views. Scale bars: 5 cm.
FIG. 7 in Early bison remains from Mygdonia Basin (Northern Greece)
FIG. 7. — Metatarsals III+IV of Bison cf. degiulii (Masini, Palombo & Rozzi, 2013) from Apollonia, Greece, dorsal views of: A, right, female metatarsal, APL-192; B, right, female metatarsal, APL-97; C, left, male metatarsal, APL-66; D, left, male metatarsal, APL-194. Scale bar: 5 cm.
FIG. 16 in Early bison remains from Mygdonia Basin (Northern Greece)
FIG. 16. — Plot of metacarpal III+IV (A) and metatarsal III+IV (B) scores on principal components (PC) 1 and 2 obtained from the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of 8 size-adjusted morphometric variables (following Scott & Barr 2014; see Maniakas & Kostopoulos 2017a). Original raw data. Metapodial measurements: MLEN, maximum length; PAP, proximal epiphysis anteroposterior diameter; PML, proximal epiphysis mediolateral (transverse) diameter; MAP, midshaft (determined using MLEN) anteroposterior diameter; MML, midshaft mediolateral diameter; MVAP, medial trochear verticilli anteroposterior diameter; LVAP, lateral trochlear verticilli anteroposterior diameter; IDML, inferior aspect of distal epiphysis greatest mediolateral diameter; MGSV, Metapodial Global Size Variable (see Scott & Barr 2014).
FIG. 5 in Early bison remains from Mygdonia Basin (Northern Greece)
FIG. 5. — Partial cranium TSR-161 of Bison cf. degiulii (Masini, Palombo & Rozzi, 2013) from Tsiotra Vryssi, Greece: left lateral (A), right lateral (B), and palatal (C) views; close up of the upper left toothrow in occlusal (E) view and sketch of the P4 occlusal morphology (see descriptions); D, schematic comparison of the lateral premaxilla-nasal contact in TSR-161, L. etruscus, B. priscus, B. bonasus and B. mutus. Abbreviations: pr, premaxilla; mx, maxilla; ns, nasal; a.l., alveolar level. Scale bars: 5 cm.
FIG. 4 in Early bison remains from Mygdonia Basin (Northern Greece)
FIG. 4. — Metacarpal III+IV of Bison cf. degiulii (Masini, Palombo & Rozzi, 2013) from Mygdonia Basin, Greece: A-D, F-I, dorsal views of respectively male and female individuals; E, J, plantar views of respectively a male and a female individual; A, TSR D18-42; B, KRM-1; C, KLT-646; D, E, APL-719; F, TSR F18-55d; G, KRI-25; H, KLT-305; I, J, APL-373. Scale bar: 5 cm.
FIG. 3 in Early bison remains from Mygdonia Basin (Northern Greece)
FIG. 3. — Dental remains of Bison cf. degiulii (Masini, Palombo & Rozzi, 2013) from Mygdonia Basin, Greece: A, B, left upper toothrow with dP2-M2, APL-415, buccal (A) and occlusal (B) views; C, D, left upper toothrow with P2-M3, APL-446, buccal (C) and occlusal (D) views; E, F, right mandible with dp3-m1, APL- 420, occlusal (E) and lingual (F) views; G, H, left mandible with p3-m3, KLT-318, occlusal (G) and lingual (H) views; I, J, right mandible with p2-m3, TSR F20-16, occlusal (I) and lingual (J) views; K, left mandible with p4-m3, TSR D20-8, lingual view. Scale bar: 5 cm.
Fig. 1 in First Toxoplasma gondii isolate from an aborted foetus of European bison (Bison bonasus bonasus L.)
Fig. 1 Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites successfully propagated after several passages in Vero cell cultures
Fig. 2 in Large lungworms (Nematoda: Dictyocaulidae) recovered from the European bison may represent a new nematode subspecies
Fig. 2. Dictyocaulus viviparus of European bison, female genital system, light microscopy. (A) Ovejectors in left lateral view, showing relationships for the vulva (vu), vestibules, and combined anterior infundibulum, and sphincter (ainf + asph), and posterior infundibulum and sphincter (pinf + psph). (B) Region of posterior infundibulum (pinf) and posterior sphincter (psph), left lateral view. (C) female tail, right lateral view, showing anus and phasmids (ph).
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