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7 results for “Boa constrictor”
Fig. 2. Cox1 in Sarcocystis sp. shed by the common boa snake (Boa constrictor) in Brazil
Fig. 2. Cox1-based evolutionary analysis of Sarcocystis spp.: The tree was inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method and Tamura 3-parameter model. A discrete Gamma distribution was used to model evolutionary rate differences among sites. The tree with the highest log likelihood is shown. The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches. This analysis involved 31 nucleotide sequences. All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated (complete deletion option). Branches marked with (•) contain sequences detected in snakes. The numbers between parenthesis represent the number of identical sequences at each terminal node. The names between parenthesis represent the hosts in which each sequence at terminal node was found. There were 807 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA X.
Fig. 1 in Sarcocystis sp. shed by the common boa snake (Boa constrictor) in Brazil
Fig. 1. Sporocyst of Sarcocystis sp. shed by a common boa (Boa constrictor) in Bahia, Brazil. Four elongated sporozoites and a round residual body are observed inside the sporocyst. Bar = 10 μm.
Fig. 3. 18S in Sarcocystis sp. shed by the common boa snake (Boa constrictor) in Brazil
Fig. 3. 18S-based evolutionary analysis of Sarcocystis spp.: the tree was inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method and Tamura 3-parameter model. A discrete Gamma distribution was used to model evolutionary rate differences among sites. The tree with the highest log likelihood is shown. The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches. This analysis involved 69 nucleotide sequences. All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated (complete deletion option). Branches marked with (•) contain sequences detected in snakes. The names between parenthesis represent the hosts in which each sequence at terminal node was found. There was a total of 624 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA X.
Effects of ingesting large prey on the kinematics of rectilinear locomotion in Boa constrictor
<p>Large and stout snakes commonly consume large prey and use rectilinear crawling, yet, whether body wall distention after feeding impairs rectilinear locomotion is poorly understood. After eating large prey (30-37% body mass), all <em>Boa constrictor</em> tested could perform rectilinear locomotion in the region with the food bolus despite a greatly increased distance between the ribs and the ventral skin that likely lengthens muscles relevant to propulsion. Unexpectedly, out of eleven kinematic variables, only two changed significantly (P<0.05) after feeding: cyclic changes in snake height increased by more than 1.5x and the longitudinal movements of ventral skin relative to the skeleton decreased by more than 25%. Additionally, cyclic changes in snake width suggest that the ribs are active and mobile during rectilinear locomotion particularly in fed snakes, but also in unfed snakes. These kinematic changes suggest that rectilinear actuators reorient more vertically and undergo smaller longitudinal excursions following large prey ingestion, both of which likely act to reduce elongation of these muscles that may otherwise experience substantial strain.</p>
Data from: Feeding effects on liver mitochondrial bioenergetics of Boa constrictor (Serpentes: Boidae)
<p>Snakes are interesting examples of overcoming energy metabolism challenges as many species can endure long periods without feeding, and their eventual meals are of reasonably large sizes, thus exhibiting dual extreme adaptations. Consequently, metabolic rate increases considerably to attend to the energetic demand of digestion, absorption and, protein synthesis. These animals should be adapted to transition from these two opposite states of energy fairly quickly, and therefore we investigated mitochondrial function plasticity in these states. Herein we compared liver mitochondrial bioenergetics of the boid snake <i>Boa constrictor</i> during fasting and after meal intake. We fasted the snakes for 60 days, then we fed a subgroup with 30% of their body size and evaluated their maximum postprandial response. We measured liver respiration rates from permeabilized tissue and isolated mitochondria, and from isolated mitochondria, we also measured Ca<sup>2+</sup> retention capacity, the release of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and NAD(P) redox state. Mitochondrial respiration rates were maximized after feeding, reaching until 60% increase from fasting levels when energized with complex I-linked substrates. Interestingly, fasting and fed snakes exhibited similar respiratory control ratios and citrate synthase activity. Furthermore, we found no differences in Ca<sup>2+</sup> retention capacity, indicating no increase in susceptibility to mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), or redox state of NAD(P), although fed animals exhibited increases in the release of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Thus, we conclude that liver mitochondria from B. constrictor snakes increase the maintenance costs during the postprandial period and quickly improve the mitochondrial bioenergetics capacity without compromising the redox balance.</p>
Effects of ingesting large prey on the kinematics of rectilinear locomotion in Boa constrictor
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Data from: Feeding effects on liver mitochondrial bioenergetics of Boa constrictor (Serpentes: Boidae)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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