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611 results for “Body mass”
Sampled and simulated benthic invertebrate body-mass data from the Porcupine Abyssal Plain Sustained Observatory (4850 m, 48.83° N 16.50 °W, NE Atlantic)
<p>A dataset of sampled and simulated benthic invertebrate body-mass data from the Porcupine Abyssal Plain Sustained Observatory (4850 m, 48.83° N 16.50 °W, NE Atlantic) has been produced. It includes data on macro- and megabenthos derived from a randomly sampled power law distribution, seabed core samples, large-scale seabed photography, and seabed trawls.</p>
A refined method for studying foraging behaviour and body mass in group-housed European starlings.
<p>Datasets and R script corresponding to the following manuscript:</p> <p>A refined method for studying foraging behaviour and body mass in group-housed European starlings.</p> <p>Laboratory experiments on passerine birds have been important for testing hypotheses regarding the effects of environmental variables on the adaptive regulation of body mass. However, previous work in this area has suffered from poor ecological validity and animal welfare due to the requirement to house birds individually in small cages to facilitate behavioural measurement and frequent catching for weighing. Here we describe the social foraging system, a novel technology that permits continuous collection of individual-level data on operant foraging behaviour and body mass from group-housed European starlings (<em>Sturnus vulgaris</em>). We demonstrate rapid acquisition of operant key pecking, followed by foraging and body mass data from two groups of six birds maintained on a fixed-ratio operant schedule under closed economy for 11 consecutive days. Birds gained 6.0 ± 1.2 g (mean ± sd) between dawn and dusk each day and lost an equal amount overnight. Individual daily mass gain trajectories were non-linear, with the rate of gain decelerating between dawn and dusk. Within-bird variation in daily foraging effort (key pecks) positively predicted within-bird variation in dusk mass. However, between-bird variation in mean foraging effort was uncorrelated with between-bird variation in mean mass, potentially indicative of individual differences in daily energy requirements. We conclude that the social foraging system delivers refined data collection and offers potential for improving our understanding of mass regulation in starlings and other species.<strong> </strong></p>
A longitudinal study of the associations of children's body mass index and physical activity with blood pressure – dataset
<p>B-Proact1v is a longitudinal study examining changes in children’s physical activity and sedentary behaviours as they progress through primary school. In 2012-2013, 1299 Year 1 children (median age: 6 years) were recruited from 57 schools in greater Bristol, UK (total number of eligible children: 2600; recruitment rate: 50.0%). Following this, data were collected from 1223 Year 4 children (median age: 9 years) from 47 of the original schools between March 2015 and July 2016 (total number of eligible children: 2047; recruitment rate: 59.7%). This included 685 children from the original sample.</p> <p> </p> <p>This dataset represents a subset of the B-Proact1v data to examine the longitudinal associations of children’s body mass index and physical activity with blood pressure. Included in this repository is the dataset and a data dictionary. The dataset includes the variables that underlie the findings in a manuscript entitled ‘A longitudinal study of the associations of children’s body mass index and physical activity with blood pressure’ that has been submitted to PLOS ONE. This dataset has been made available so that future researchers can replicate the study findings using the data. If you wish to use the data for any purpose other than replicating the study findings, please contact the Principal Investigator Professor Russ Jago (russ.jago@bristol.ac.uk) to discuss this.</p>
Paper data and code of manuscript: Intraspecific variation on heat tolerance in a model ectotherm: effects of body mass, cell size, oxygen and sex
<p>When using the data or code from this manuscript, please cite it as:</p><p><strong>Leiva FP</strong>, Santos M, Rezende E, & Verberk WCEP. 2021. Paper data and code of manuscript: Intraspecific variation on heat tolerance in a model ectotherm: effects of body mass, cell size, oxygen and sex. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120028">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120028</a>.</p>
High-precision body mass estimators for small mammals: A case study in the Mesozoic
<p>Body mass is a pivotal quantity in palaeobiology but must be estimated from an imperfect fossil record. We analyse the precision of skeletal predictors of mammalian body mass as a mean to inform the Mesozoic mammal record, including a new eutriconodont from North America. We focus on the critical small end of the size spectrum – critical because the earliest mammals were small, because small size persisted onto the stems of the major extant radiations, and because small mammals compose a large proportion of crown diversity. Linear regressions based on extant small mammals indicate a universal correlation of body mass with observed measurements, but with clear differences in precision. Postcranial predictors outperform jaw and dental metrics, with certain femoral joint dimensions providing surprisingly precise estimations. Overall, our data indicate small-mammal evolution during the Mesozoic unfolded in patterns of underappreciated complexity. Studying these dynamics is only possible when estimating body mass within a strict, highly focused phylogenetic context. The heuristic value of the estimators we provide here are not limited to the Mesozoic but are phylogenetically justified for any small-bodied mammal regardless of age.</p>
Sex-specific body mass aging trajectories in adult Asian elephants
<p><span>In species with marked sexual dimorphism, the classic prediction is that the sex which undergoes stronger intrasexual competition ages earlier or quicker. However, more recently, alternative hypotheses have been put forward, showing that this association can be disrupted. Here, we utilise a unique, longitudinal dataset of a semi-captive population of Asian elephants (<em>Elephas maximus</em>), a species with marked male-biased intrasexual competition, with males being larger and having shorter lifespans, and investigate whether males show earlier and/or faster body mass ageing than females. We found evidence of sex-specific body mass ageing trajectories: adult males gained weight up to the age of 48 years old, followed by a decrease in body mass until natural death. In contrast, adult females gained body mass with age until a body mass decline in the last year of life. Our study shows sex-specific ageing patterns, with an earlier onset of body mass declines in males than females, which is consistent with the predictions of the classical theory of ageing.</span></p>
Data and analysis from: Body mass, temperature, and depth shape the maximum intrinsic rate of population increase in sharks and rays
<p>An important challenge in ecology is to understand variation in species' maximum intrinsic rate of population increase, 𝑟<sub>𝑚𝑎𝑥</sub>, not least because 𝑟<sub>𝑚𝑎𝑥</sub> underpins our understanding of the limits of fishing, recovery potential, and ultimately extinction risk. Across many vertebrate species, terrestrial and aquatic, body mass and environmental temperature are important correlates of 𝑟<sub>𝑚𝑎𝑥</sub>. In sharks and rays, specifically, 𝑟<sub>𝑚𝑎𝑥</sub> is known be lower in larger species, but also in deep-sea ones.</p> <p>We use an information-theoretic approach that accounts for phylogenetic relatedness to evaluate the relative importance of body mass, temperature and depth on 𝑟<sub>𝑚𝑎𝑥</sub>. We show that both temperature and depth have separate effects on shark and ray 𝑟<sub>𝑚𝑎𝑥</sub> estimates, such that species living in deeper waters have lower 𝑟<sub>𝑚𝑎𝑥</sub>. Furthermore, temperature also correlates with changes in the mass scaling coefficient, suggesting that as body size increases, decreases in 𝑟<sub>𝑚𝑎𝑥</sub> are much steeper for species in warmer waters.</p> <p>These findings suggest that there are (as-yet understood) depth-related processes that limit the maximum rate at which populations can grow in deep sea sharks and rays. While the deep ocean is associated with colder temperatures, other factors that are independent of temperature, such as food availability and physiological constraints, may influence the low 𝑟<sub>𝑚𝑎𝑥</sub> observed in deep sea sharks and rays. Our study lays the foundation for predicting the intrinsic limit of fishing, recovery potential, and extinction risk species based on easily accessible environmental information such as temperature and depth, particularly for data-poor species.</p> <p>This repository contains the data and a minimum working example of the model-fitting process used for the article "Body mass, temperature, and depth shape productivity in sharks and rays", which is currently in press at <em>Ecology and Evolution</em>.</p>
Data and R script for 'Early-life begging effort reduces adult body mass but strengthens behavioural defence of the rate of energy intake in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)'
<p>Data files and R script for Dunn et al. "Early-life begging effort reduces adult body mass but strengthens behavioural defence of the rate of energy intake in European starlings (<em>Sturnus vulgaris</em>)"</p> <p>Includes a single R script that produces all the analyses in the paper. The script makes use of three different .csv data files.</p>
Fig. 4 in Body mass estimation in Triassic cynodonts from Argentina based on limb variables
Fig. 4. Logarithmic scale representation of the body mass ranges of adult forms of amniotes Chañares and Ischigualasto formations, Triassic of Argentina. Body masses for Cynognathia obtained in this work (black silhouettes) compared with other amniotes known from these formations (white silhouettes). Cynodonts Chiniquodon sanjuanensis Martínez and Forster, 1996, and Probainognathus jenseni Romer, 1970; the dicynodont Dinodontosaurus brevirostris Cox, 1968; and archosauriforms Lagerpeton chanarensis Romer, 1971a, Chanaresuchus sp. (includes C. bonapartei Romer, 1971b, and C. ischigualastensis Trotteyn, Martínez and Alcober, 2012), paracrocodylomorphs and the dinosaur Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis Reig, 1963. The horizontal length of the rectangles represents the body mass range for the genus. The silhouettes are not to scale.
Fig. 2 in Body mass estimation in Triassic cynodonts from Argentina based on limb variables
Fig. 2. Measurements used in this work based on Toledo et al. (2014), as illustrated using the 3D model of the left humerus and femur of Andescynodon mendozensis Bonaparte, 1969 (PVL 3894-1) from the Cerro de las Cabras Formation (upper Anisian), Villa de Potrerillos, Mendoza province, Argentina. A. Humerus in anterior (A1) and distal (A2) views. B. Femur in anterior (B1) and distal (B2) views. Scale bars 10 mm.
Fig. 1. Cynognathia phylogeny plotted onto a in Body mass estimation in Triassic cynodonts from Argentina based on limb variables
Fig. 1. Cynognathia phylogeny plotted onto a stratigraphic scale showing the known observed temporal ranges of taxa. Taxa studied in this contribution are in bold. Modified from Hendrickx et al. (2020). Thick dashed lines indicate separation between periods; thin dotted lines indicate separation between ages.
Fig. 5 in Body mass estimation in Triassic cynodonts from Argentina based on limb variables
Fig. 5. Stacked area chart of animal size (after values of the skull length for Therapsida and skull or limb bone lengths, when skull is not preserved, for Archosauromorpha) from the Argentinean Triassic units: Cerro de La Cabras, Río Seco de la Quebrada, Chañares, and Ischigualasto formations. A. Therapsida (Cynodontia plus Dicynodontia). B. Amniota (Therapsida plus Archosauromorpha). Small, maximum skull length below 150 mm; medium, skull length 150–250 mm; large, maximum skull length greater than 250 mm. Fm., Formation.
Fig. 3 in Body mass estimation in Triassic cynodonts from Argentina based on limb variables
Fig. 3. Cynognathians studied in this work (all in anterior views). A. Left humerus of Exaeretodon argentinus Cabrera, 1943 (PVL 2554) from the Ischigualasto Formation (upper Carnian), Hoyada de Ischigualasto, San Juan, Argentina. B. Right humerus (mirrored) of Cynognathus crateronotus Seeley, 1895 (PVL 3859) from the Río Seco de la Quebrada Formation (lower Carnian), Puesto Viejo, Mendoza province, Argentina. C. Left humerus of Andescynodon mendozensis Bonaparte, 1969 (PVL 3894-1) from the Cerro de las Cabras Formation (upper Anisian), Villa de Potrerillos, Mendoza province, Argentina. D. Left humerus of Massetognathus pascuali Romer, 1967 (PVL 5444) from the Chañares Formation (lower Carnian), Campo de Talampaya, La Rioja province, Argentina. E. Right humerus (mirrored) from Pascualgnathus polanskii Bonaparte, 1966 (MLP 65-VI-18-1) from the Río Seco de la Quebrada Formation (lower Carnian), Puesto Viejo, Mendoza province, Argentina. Scale bars 10 mm.
Fig. 5 in Wing-Length, Body Mass And Fat Reserves Of Robins (Erithacus Rubecula) During Autumn Migration In Hungary
Fig. 5. Mean body mass changes of the recaptured juveniles (Wilcoxon test, Tömörd, N = 84, W = 1986, p <0.05; Sumony, N = 104, W = 2744, NS; Ócsa, N = 141, W = 7135, p <0.001; Szalonna, N = 124 W = 4279, p <0.05. Since only a few individuals were recaptured in Izsák during the study period
Fig. 3 in Wing-Length, Body Mass And Fat Reserves Of Robins (Erithacus Rubecula) During Autumn Migration In Hungary
Fig. 3. Dendrogram of the cluster analysis of the juveniles' body mass in August (A), September (B), October (C) at the study sites (Euclides distance and Ward-Orlóczy method)
Fig. 4 in Wing-Length, Body Mass And Fat Reserves Of Robins (Erithacus Rubecula) During Autumn Migration In Hungary
Fig. 4. Mean fat reserves changes of the recaptured juveniles (Wilcoxon test, Tömörd, N = 84, W = 1282, p <0.05; Sumony, N = 105, W = 1079, NS; Ócsa, N = 141, W = 1967, p <0.05; Szalonna, N = 124 W = 1757, p <0.001. Since only a few individuals were recaptured in Izsák during the study pe-
Fig. 2 in Wing-Length, Body Mass And Fat Reserves Of Robins (Erithacus Rubecula) During Autumn Migration In Hungary
Fig. 2. Dendrogram of the cluster analysis of the juveniles' wing-length in August (A), September (B), October (C) at the study sites (Euclides distance and Ward-Orlóczy method)
FIGURE 4 in Body mass divergence in sympatric deer species of Pleistocene Crete (Greece)
FIGURE 4. Diversification of cervid body mass across evolutionary time. The phenogram is a projection of the cervid tree into a space defined by body mass and time. The Candiacervus body masses are based on postcranial elements. Although the Cretan deer lineage diversified for a relatively short time, it achieved a significant size variation. Animal silhouettes from Phylopic.org.
FIGURE 2 in Body mass divergence in sympatric deer species of Pleistocene Crete (Greece)
FIGURE 2. Skeletons and postcranial elements of Cretan deer (a) two composite mounts of dwarf Candiacervus species (AMPG) (b) metatarsals of the six different size classes of the Cretan deer in dorsal view. Roman numbers indicate the size classes of de Vos (1979). Size class I: C. ropalophorus; size class II: C. devosi, C. listeri, and C. reumeri; size class III: C. cretensis; size class IV: C. rethymnensis; size class V: C. dorothensis; size class VI: C. major. Note that size class II includes three species, which cannot be distinguished on postcranial elements alone. AMPG (sizes I– IV) and MPUR (sizes V–VI).
FIGURE 1 in Body mass divergence in sympatric deer species of Pleistocene Crete (Greece)
FIGURE 1. Location map of the island of Crete and geographical position and views of Liko, Gerani and Bate caves.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.