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opencc-by-4.0Feb 2024View details →

A Peatland Sub-Class Map for the Canadian Boreal Forest

Authors:  Pontone, N., Millard, K., Thompson, D. K., Guindon, L., Beaudoin A. (2024) Contact: NicholasPontone@cmail.carleton.ca   Description: A map of peatland sub-classes (bog, poor fen, rich fen and permafrost peat complex) for the Canadian Boreal Forest circa 2020 created using a three-stage hierarchical classification framework. Training and validation data consisted of peatland locations derived from various sources (field data, aerial photo interpretation, measurements documented in literature). A combination of multispectral data, L-band SAR and C-Band interferometric SAR coherence, forest structure, and ancillary variables were used as model predictors. Ancillary data were used to mask agricultural areas and urban regions, and account for regions that may exhibit permafrost Pixel Values: 1: Bog 2: Rich Fen 3: Poor Fen 4: Peatland Permafrost Complex 5: Mineral Wetlands 6: Water 7: Upands 8: Agriculture 9: Urban Recommended Colours 1: 4C0073 2: FFFF00 3: E64C00 4: 727272 5: F4C2C2 6: 0070FF 7: 4C7300 8: 623131 9: 000000   Please cite as: Pontone, N., Millard, K., Thompson, D.K., Guindon, L. and Beaudoin, A. (2024), A hierarchical, multi-sensor framework for peatland sub-class and vegetation mapping throughout the Canadian boreal forest. Remote Sens Ecol Conserv. https://doi.org/10.1002/rse2.384   This data was released in combination with PALSAR-2 L-band dual-polarized radar backscatter summer composites (circa 2020).  Beaudoin, A., Villemaire, P., Gignac, C., Tolszczuk, S., Guindon, L., Pontone, N., Millard, C. (2024). Canada’s PALSAR-2 dual-polarized L-band radar summer backscatter composite, circa 2020. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec, Canada. <a href="https://doi.org/10.23687/8ec4ee78-9240-4bd0-9c97-d3a27829e209" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">https://doi.org/10.23687/8ec4ee78-9240-4bd0-9c97-d3a27829e209</a> The peatland map is also available as a Google Earth Engine asset (projects/ee-peatlandthesis/assets/PeatlandMap8b_2023_07_17).

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2022View details →

Partial cutting of a boreal nutrient-rich peatland forest causes radically less on-site CO2 emissions than clear-cutting

This package contains the data used in the research article: "Partial cutting of a boreal nutrient-rich peatland forest causes radically less on-site CO2 emissions than clear-cutting" published in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. LAI_data.xlsx - Contains Leaf Area Index data and their standard deviations for all the measured areas WTL_data.csv - Contains the mean water table level data for pre-harvest, partial harvest and clearcut areas. Lettosuo_2010-2015_Section_A_fluxes.csv - Contains the pre-harvest (2010-2015) carbon flux data for Section A. Lettosuo_2010-2015_Section_BCD_fluxes.csv - Contains the pre-harvest carbon flux data for Section BCD. Lettosuo_2016-2021_Section_AB_(partialcut).csv - Contains the carbon flux data for the partial cut area (2016-2021, Section AB). Lettosuo_2016-2021_Section_D_(Clearcut).csv - Contains the carbon flux data for the clear-cut area (2016-2021, Section D) The carbon flux data files contain the following columns: Gapfilled PAR - Gapfilled photsynthetically active radiation Gapfilled air temperature - Gapfilled air temperature Measured NEE - Filtered NEE data Modelled TER - Modelled total ecosystem respiration Modelled GPP - Modelled gross primary production Modelled NEE - Modelled NEE calculated from the modelled TER and GPP Gapfilled NEE - A combination of measured and modelled NEE. Gaps in the measured data are filled with modelled NEE Modelling uncertainty - Uncertainty of the modelled NEE Measurement uncertainty - An estimation of the uncertainty of the measured NEE

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

Fine-root production in boreal peatland forests: effects of stand and environmental factors

Fine-root production (FRP) data along with climatic variables (annual precipitation, temperature sum, and latitude) and stand variables (tree stand stem volume; tree stand basal area; stand basal area of tree species including Scots pine, Norway spruce and deciduous trees; site type; peat type; peat depth; C:N ratio of topmost 20 cm peat layer; grouping of sites to nutrient rich and nutrient poo; average soil water-table level) from 28 forestry-drained peatland forest sites in Finland, FRP and its depth distribution were estimated using ingrowth cores. The ingrowth cores were installed between October 15th and November 27th, 2013, and recovered after two years in late November 2015.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Anaerobic Methane Oxidation is Quantitatively Important in Deeper Peat Layers of Boreal Peatlands: Evidence from in situ Stable Isotopes Depth Profiles, Anaerobic Incubations, and Microbial Communities

Dataset contains complete result of laboratory anaerobic incubations with peat samples from 3 West Siberian peatlands. Before the incubation, the peat samples were thoroughly mixed to ensure homogeneity. Aliquots (140 ± 1 g) were mixed with distilled water at a ratio of 1:2 by weight, and then placed into sterile 500 ml glass bottles, flushed with pure argon (99.9999%, Voessen, Russia) for 5 min to remove any oxygen and sealed with butyl rubber septa to maintain anaerobic conditions. The bottles were kept at +5°C for 1 day to allow the equilibration between the peat and the headspace. Then bottles were again thoroughly flushed with argon for 5 min, sealed, and an additional 5 ml of argon was added to prevent air diffusion into the bottle headspace. The incubation was performed in two different ways: i) unamended control, and ii) amended with 10 ml of CH3F to inhibit acetotrophic methanogenesis. Peat samples from the depths of 15-20 and 40-50 cm were incubated at 15° and 10°C, respectively, for a period of 60 days, whereas deeper peat samples were incubated at 5°С, representing the temperature of the deeper peat layers of Mukhrino bog during the snow-free period for 150 days. Gas (1 mL for Н2, CH4 and CO2 concentration, 1 mL for stable isotope compositions) and liquid (1 mL for organic acids) samples were taken for analysis every two weeks after manually shaking the bottles for approximately 5 s to equilibrate the gaseous and aqueous phases. At the end of the incubation, methane headspace concentrations ranged from 1 to 3 % for deeper samples. The incubations with and without CH3F addition were carried out in three replicates for samples from Mukhrino bog and in two replicates for Chistoe and Lempino bogs. Net methane and CO2 production were calculated from the gas concentrations, the volume of the gas space, and the water volume using the ideal gas law. Gas solubility was calculated using Henry’s law. The reported net methane and CO2 production are the averages of 2-3 replicates. See further details in a paper with the same title and the first author.

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Algae alleviate carbon limitation of heterotrophic bacteria in a boreal peatland

In most high latitude wetlands, carbon accumulation as peat represents a balance between plant net primary productivity and heterotrophic decomposition. We hypothesized that this assessment of ecosystem metabolism is incomplete as it does not include information on energy inputs from microalgae, which form complex biofilms with heterotrophic microorganisms on the peat surface. To investigate the potential for algae (and associated exudates) to support heterotrophic metabolism under ambient and elevated nutrient levels, we conducted a factorial enrichment of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) and carbon (glucose) in mesocosms with and without the presence of algae (using light-transparent and dark treatments, respectively) in an Alaskan fen. We measured respiration rates and changes in bacterial biomass to characterize the response of heterotrophic bacteria to our experimental treatments. During incubation assays, algae released up to 38% of their net productivity as exudates and there was a positive relationship between algal production and concentrations of dissolved organic carbon inside mesocosms. Elevated algal productivity in the presence of nutrient enrichment stimulated heterotrophic bacterial respiration and biomass. These responses did not occur with nutrient enrichment in the dark (without algae). The response of bacteria to algae was similar in magnitude to bacterial responses to glucose enrichment. We conclude that bacteria in this boreal fen were primarily limited by labile carbon and this constraint was alleviated in the presence of elevated algal production. Consequently, algae may facilitate hotspots of microbial activity in northern peatlands, especially in conditions of greater nutrient availability associated with more variable hydrology expected for this region with ongoing climate change.

openOpenJul 2015View details →

opencc-zeroMar 2024View details →

A drained nutrient-poor peatland forest in boreal Sweden constitutes a net carbon sink after integrating terrestrial and aquatic fluxes

<div>In this study, we estimated the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) from a nutrient‐poor drained peatland forest and an adjacent natural mire in northern Sweden by integrating terrestrial carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes with aquatic losses of dissolved organic C (DOC) and inorganic C based on eddy covariance and stream discharge measurements, respectively, over two hydrological years. Each variable presented was measured during each experimental period in sites.</div>

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES: Defining the Sphagnum core microbiome across the North American continent reveals a central role for diazotrophic-methanotrophs in the nitrogen and carbon cycles of boreal peatland ecosystems

Peat mosses of the genus Sphagnum are ecosystem engineers that frequently predominate over photosynthetic production in boreal peatlands. Sphagnum spp. host diverse microbial communities capable of nitrogen-fixation (diazotrophy) and methane oxidation (methanotrophy), thereby potentially supporting plant growth under severely nutrient-limited conditions. Moreover, diazotrophic-methanotrophs represent a possible "missing link" between the carbon and nitrogen cycles, but the functional contributions of the Sphagnum-associated microbiome remain in question. A combination of metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and dual-isotope incorporation assays was applied to investigate Sphagnum microbiome community composition across the North American continent and provide empirical evidence for diazotrophic-methanotrophy in Sphagnum-dominated ecosystems. Remarkably consistent prokaryotic communities were detected in over 250 Sphagnum SSU rRNA libraries from peatlands across the US (5 states, 17 bog/fen sites, 18 Sphagnum species), with twelve genera of the core microbiome comprising 60% of the relative microbial abundance. Additionally, nitrogenase (nifH) and SSU rRNA gene amplicon analysis revealed that nitrogen-fixing populations made up nearly 15% of the prokaryotic communities, predominated by Nostocales cyanobacteria and Rhizobiales methanotrophs. While cyanobacteria comprised the vast majority (>95%) of diazotrophs detected in amplicon and metagenome analyses, obligate methanotrophs of the genus Methyloferula (order Rhizobiales) accounted for one-quarter of transcribed nifH genes. Furthermore, in dual-isotope tracer experiments, members of the Rhizobiales showed substantial incorporation of 13C-CH4 and 15N-N2 isotopes into their rRNA. Our study characterizes the core Sphagnum microbiome across large spatial scales and indicates that diazotrophic methanotrophs, here defined as obligate methanotrophs of the rare biosphere (Methyloferula spp. of the Rhizobiales) that also carry out diazotrophy, play a keystone role in coupling of the carbon and nitrogen cycles in nutrient-poor peatlands.

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

Data: Water quality and the biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon in drained boreal peatland under different forest harvesting intensities

This repository consists of three files, which contain ground water and ditch water quality data in drained forested peatlands and dissolved organic carbon biodegradation to carbon dioxide. Experiments and results are presented in: Palviainen M., Peltomaa E., Laurén A., Kinnunen N., Ojala A., Berninger F., Zhu X., Pumpanen J. 2022. Water quality and the biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon in drained boreal peatland under different forest harvesting intensities. Science of the Total Environment 806: 150919 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150919">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150919</a>.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2018View details →

Greenhouse gas and energy fluxes in a boreal peatland forest after clearcutting

This package contains the data used in the research article: "Greenhouse gas and energy fluxes in a boreal peatland forest after clearcutting" published in Biogeosciences journal. Changes in this version: Chamber_data.xlsx is now named Chamber_data_clearcut.xlsx. CO2 fluxes were also corrected. Added daily mean CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes measured at the control site.   Chamber_data_clearcut.xlsx contains the daily mean fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O measured with soil chambers at the clearcut site. Chamber_data_control.xlsx contains the daily mean fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O measured with soil chambers at the control site. EC_CO2_fluxes.xlsx contains the gapfilled 30-min mean CO2 fluxes (NEE) and its components (GPP and respiration). Energy_fluxes.xlsx contains the gapfilled hourly mean energy fluxes. Meteo_data.xlsx contains the daily means of the meteorological variables used in the study.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

Methane emissions of ditches of boreal forestry-drained peatlands

Six datasets regarding our study on methane emissions of ditches of boreal forestry-drained peatlands of Finland: Dataset 1: Accepted methane fluxes analysed via manual chamber technique from ditches of 21 boreal forestry-drained peatland study areas located in Finland. Dataset 2: Temperature within ditches of 3 boreal forestry-drained peatlands (Ränskälänkorpi, Lettosuo and Paroninkorpi) studied in 2021.  Dataset 3: Relative water table level (relative to the level in the beginning of June 2021) in ditches of 3 boreal forestry-drained peatlands (Ränskälänkorpi, Lettosuo and Paroninkorpi) studied in 2021.  Dataset 4: Yearly methane emission factors calculated for different types of ditches in the study areas. Dataset 5: Tested random forest models' variables and their mean decrease in accuracy, and models' error rates in classifying boreal peatland forest ditches into moss-covered and moss-free categories. Dataset 6: Tested random forest models (as zipped .RData files) to classify boreal peatland forest ditches into moss-covered and moss-free categories.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Rove beetle (Staphylinidae) assemblages following the cumulative effect of wildfire and linear footprint in Boreal treed peatlands of northeastern Alberta (Canada)

Cumulative effects of anthropogenic and natural disturbances have become increasingly relevant in the context of biodiversity conservation. Oil and gas (OG) exploration and extraction activities have created thousands of kilometers of linear footprints in boreal ecosystems of Alberta, Canada. Among these disturbances, seismic lines (narrow corridors cut through the forest) are one of the most common footprints and have become a significant landscape feature influencing the maintenance of forest interior habitats and biodiversity. <a name="_Hlk118288505"></a>Wildfire is a common stand-replacing natural disturbance in the boreal forest, and as such, it is hypothesized that its effects can mitigate the linear footprint associated with OG exploration, but only a few studies have examined its effectiveness. We studied the short-term (1 year post-fire) response of rove beetle assemblages to the combined effects of wildfire and linear footprint in forest, edge and seismic line habitats at burned and unburned peatlands along the southwest perimeter of the 2016 Horse River wildfire (Fort McMurray). While rove beetle species richness was higher in seismic lines in both burned and unburned habitats compared to the adjacent peatland, diversity was greater only in seismic lines of burned areas. Abundance was lower in the burned adjacent peatland but similarly higher in the remaining habitats. Assemblage composition on seismic lines was significantly different from that in the adjacent forest and edge habitats within both burned and unburned sites. Moreover, species composition in burned seismic lines was different to either unburned lines or burned forest and edge. <a name="_Hlk89787659"></a>Euaesthethus laeviusculus and Gabrius picipennis were indicator species of burned line habitats, are sensitive to post-fire landscape and can occupy wet habitats with moss cover more efficiently than when these habitats are surrounded by unburned forest. Although these results are based on short-term responses, they suggest that wildfire did not reduce the linear footprint, and instead, the cumulative effect of these two disturbances had a more complex influence on rove beetle recovery at the landscape level than for other invertebrates. Therefore, continued monitoring of these sites can become useful to evaluate changes over time and to better understand longer-term biodiversity responses to the cumulative effects of wildfire and linear disturbances in boreal treed peatlands, given the long-lasting effect of such disturbances.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

Permafrost thaw causes large carbon loss in boreal peatlands while changes to peat quality are limited

Rapid, ongoing permafrost thaw of peatlands in the discontinuous permafrost zone is exposing a globally significant store of soil carbon (C) to microbial processes. Mineralisation and release of this peat C to the atmosphere as greenhouse gases is a potentially important feedback to climate change. Here we investigated the effects of permafrost thaw on peat C at a peatland complex in western Canada. We collected 15 complete peat cores (between 2.7 abd 4.5 m deep) along four chronosequences, from elevated permafrost plateaus to saturated thermokarst bogs that thawed up to 600 years ago. The peat cores were analysed for peat C storage and peat quality, as indicated by decomposition proxies (FTIR and C/N ratios) and potential decomposability using a 200-day aerobic incubation. Our results suggest net C loss following thaw, with average total peat C stocks decreasing by ~19.3 +/- 7.2 kg C m-2 over <600 years (~13% loss). Average post-thaw accumulation of new peat at the surface over the same period was ~13.1 +/- 2.5 kg C m-2. We estimate ~19% (+/- 5.8%) of deep peat (>40 cm below surface) C is lost following thaw (average 26 +/- 7.9 kg C m-2 over <600 years). Our FTIR analysis shows peat below the thaw transition in thermokarst bogs is slightly more decomposed than peat of a similar type and age in permafrost plateaus, but we found no significant changes to the quality or lability of deeper peat across the chronosequences. Our incubation results also showed no increase in C mineralisation of deep peat across the chronosequences. While these limited changes in peat quality in deeper peat following permafrost thaw highlight uncertainty in the exact mechanisms and processes for C loss, our analysis of peat C stocks shows large C losses following permafrost thaw in peatlands in western Canada.

publicAug 2023View details →

Permafrost thaw causes large carbon loss in boreal peatlands while changes to peat quality are limited

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publicApr 2025View details →

The carbon balance of a rewetted minerogenic peatland does not immediately resemble that of natural mires in boreal Sweden

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publicMar 2024View details →

Data for: Water level drawdown makes boreal peatland vegetation more responsive to weather conditions

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