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16 results for “C:N:P stoichiometry”
Data for: The effect of land-use change on soil C, N, P, and their stoichiometries: A global synthesis
<p><strong><em>Data description</em></strong></p> <p>This dataset includes detailed information about five different types of land use change reported in “The effect of land-use change on soil C, N, P, and their stoichiometries: A global synthesis (Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108402)">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2023.108402)</a>”. </p> <p> </p> <p>Lists of five different types of land use change</p> <p>1) conversion of primary forest to cropland</p> <p>2) conversion of primary forest to grassland</p> <p>3) conversion of cropland to forest</p> <p>4) conversion of grassland to forest</p> <p>5) conversion of grassland to cropland</p> <p> </p> <p>Lists of detailed information</p> <ul> <li>Land use change (pre-LUC, post-LUC)</li> <li>Country, Location, Geographic position (Longitude, Latitude) </li> <li>Altitude (m)</li> <li>Climate zone</li> <li>Weather [rainfall (mm yr<sup>-1</sup>) and temperature (°C)]</li> <li>Reported time of change (years)</li> <li>Vegetation type (pre-LUC, post-LUC)</li> <li>Fertilizer (pre-LUC, post-LUC: type, application; change)</li> <li>Soil sampling depth (cm)</li> <li>Soil type [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)]</li> <li>Soil pH, bulk density, CEC [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)]</li> <li>Soil organic carbon [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)]</li> <li>Soil total nitrogen [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)]</li> <li>Soil total phosphorus [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)]</li> <li>Soil C:N [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)]</li> <li>Soil C:P [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)]</li> <li>Soil N:P [units, pre-LUC, post-LUC, change rate (%)]</li> <li>Reference</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><em><strong>Data collection method</strong></em></p> <p>We analyzed five different types of LUC: 1) conversion of primary forest to cropland, 2) conversion of primary forest to grassland, 3) conversion of cropland to forest, 4) conversion of grassland to forest, and 5) conversion of grassland to cropland.</p> <p>We classified primary forest as forest that had not previously been cleared and used for other land uses. The conversion of cropland or grassland to forest includes naturally generated and intentionally planted forest. Cropland is land used for growing agricultural crops and may include short pasture phases, and grassland is land used continuously for grazing purposes, but may include occasional and repeated pasture-renewal phases.</p> <p>While we tried to make categorical distinctions between these land-use types, land uses are often more fluid in practice, which may not always have been stated in the publications underlying our data compilation.</p> <p>When a paper reported both contents and stocks, we used the stock-based measure. We used reported stocks if the original work had already been corrected to equivalent soil mass (Ellert and Bettany, 1995) or if corrected stocks had been reported in previous reviews or meta-analyses (Don et al., 2011; Poeplau et al., 2011; Guo and Gifford, 2002). Where bulk-density correction had not been applied, we tried to make those corrections to estimate changes to equivalent soil mass if studies provided sufficient information on soil bulk density and depth, using the method of Zhang et al. (2004). If that was not possible, we used the reported SOC, TN, or TP contents.</p> <p> </p> <p><em><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></em></p> <p>We thank scientists who measured, analyzed, and published the data compiled for this study. We are especially grateful to Drs. Axel Don, Christopher Poeplau, Lex Bouwman, and Gaihe Yang, who provided their global meta-data through personal communication. D.-G.K. acknowledges support from the IAEA CRP D15020. M.U.F.K and L.L.L. were supported by the Strategic Science Investment Fund (SSIF) of New Zealand’s Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment.</p>
Grazing intensity significantly changes the C:N:P stoichiometry in grassland ecosystems
<p> </p> <p>Aim: Livestock grazing can alter carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles, thereby affecting the C:N:P stoichiometry in grasslands. In this study, we aimed to examine the underlying mechanisms for the impacts of grazing intensity on grassland C:N:P stoichiometry, especially for the belowground processes and their linkages with aboveground vegetation properties.<br> Location: Global.<br> Time period: 1900-2018.<br> Major taxa studied: Grassland ecosystems.<br> Methods: Here, we conducted a meta-analysis based on 129 published studies to synthesize the effects of grazing on the C:N:P stoichiometry of leaves, stems, litter, roots, microbial biomass, and soil in grassland ecosystems.<br> Results: Grazing significantly affected the C, N and P pools, and then the C:N:P stoichiometry in grassland ecosystems. Grazing effects on C:N:P stoichiometry varied strongly with grazing intensity. Specifically, heavy grazing decreased all C:N:P stoichiometry except litter N:P and root C:N ratios, while light and moderate grazing exhibited the less negative or positive effects. Grazing effects on litter C:N ratio were negatively correlated with grazing effects on soil C:N ratios under light and moderate grazing, but this relationship was positive under heavy grazing. In contrast, the correlation between grazing effect on root C:P and soil C:P was positive under light and moderate grazing but negative under heavy grazing. Importantly, grazing significantly decreased soil N pool by 10.0% but increased P pools by 3.6%, indicating differential mechanisms for grazing impact on N and P cycles in grasslands.<br> Main conclusions: The divergent effects of light, moderate, and heavy grazing on the C:N:P stoichiometry highlight the importance of grazing intensity in regulating the biogeochemical cycles of C, N, and P by accelerating plant nutrient use efficiency and inducing changes in soil physicochemical processes in grassland ecosystems. Therefore, incorporating grazing intensity into Earth system models may improve predictions of climate-grassland feedbacks in the Anthropocene.</p>
Data from: Plant-type dominates fine-root C:N:P stoichiometry across China: a meta-analysis
<p>Aim: Fine roots play an important role in biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, our understanding of large scale biogeographic patterns and drivers of fine-root C:N:P stoichiometry is extremely limited.</p> <p>Location: China.</p> <p>Methods: We compiled data for fine-root carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations at 165 sites across China to explore large-scale biogeographic patterns and drivers of fine-root C:N:P stoichiometry.</p> <p>Results: The geometric means of fine-root C, N, and P concentrations were 448.81 mg g-1, 10.73 mg g-1, and 0.9 mg g-1, respectively, whereas C:N, C:P and N:P ratios were 41.84, 508.32 and 11.73, respectively. The fine-root elemental concentrations and their ratios varied widely among plant groups and biomes, and showed clear latitudinal and longitudinal trends, as a consequence of differences in climate, soil and plant-type. However, plant-type was the largest contributor to the total variance in fine-root C, N, and P and their ratios compared to climate factors or soil features.</p> <p>Main conclusions: The data reveal the existence of broad biogeographic patterns of fine-root C:N:P stoichiometry in China. These results advance our knowledge about the biogeochemical cycling of fine roots.</p>
Data from: Plant-type dominates fine-root C:N:P stoichiometry across China: a meta-analysis
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Grazing intensity significantly changes the C:N:P stoichiometry in grassland ecosystems
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Soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling microbial populations and their resistance to global change depend on C:N:P stoichiometry
<p><span>Maintaining the stability of ecosystem functions to global change calls for a better understanding the regulatory factors of functionally specialized microbial-groups and their population-response to disturbance. Here, we explored this issue by collecting soils from 54 managed ecosystems in China and building a predictive model of microcosm experiments. <span>S</span><span>oil carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometry</span> <span>(3</span><span>5</span><span>%~4</span><span>9</span><span>%)</span> imparted a greater individual effects on the abundances of microbial-groups associated with main carbon C, N, and P biogeochemical processes in comparison with geographical conditions <span>(7%~10%).</span> <span>Soil</span><span> total </span><span>C </span><span>and N </span><span>content</span><span>s were</span><span> significantly positively correlated with the abundances of </span><span>d</span><span>iazotrophs</span><span> (</span><i><span><span>nifH</span></span></i><span>), </span><span>n</span><span>itrifiers</span><span> (bacterial </span><i><span><span>amoA</span></span></i><span>), </span><span>n</span><span>itrate </span><span>r</span><span>educers</span><span> (</span><i><span><span>narG</span></span></i><span>) and d</span><span>enitrifiers</span><span> (</span><i><span><span>nirS</span></span></i><span>/</span><i><span><span>K</span></span></i><span> and </span><i><span><span>nosZ </span></span></i><span>genes).</span><span> Soil C:</span><span>N</span><span> ratio not only exhibited a negative relationship with the abundances of </span><span>P activators</span><span> (</span><i><span><span>phoD</span></span></i><span><span>,</span></span> <i><span><span>phoC</span></span></i><i> </i><span>and </span><i><span><span>pqqC</span></span></i><span> genes</span><span>)</span><span>, but also with </span><span>c</span><span>ellulolytic</span><span> decomposers</span><span> (</span><i><span><span>fungcbhIR</span></span></i><span> and </span><i><span><span>GH74</span></span></i> <span>genes)</span><span>. N</span><span>itrogen</span><span> cycling </span><span>genes, including bacterial </span><i><span><span>amoA</span></span></i><span>,</span><i><span><span> nirS</span></span></i><span>, </span><i><span><span>narG</span></span></i><span> and </span><i><span><span>norB</span></span></i><span>,</span> <span>exhibited</span><span> high</span><span>er</span><span> genetic resistance to </span><span>N deposition</span><span> compared with the </span><span>drying-wetting cycles</span><span> and </span><span>warming</span><span>. </span><span>Soil </span><span>total </span><span>C, N and P contents, and their ratios</span> <span>had</span><span> a </span><span>strong </span><span>direct effect on </span><span>the </span><span>genetic </span><span>resistance </span><span>of </span><span>microbial-groups</span><span>.</span><span> S</span><span>oil C:P ratio </span>was selected by random forest analyses as the main predictor of N cycling genetic resistance to <span>N deposition</span><span>. </span><span>Soil </span><span>total </span><span>C and N contents, and their ratios were </span>the main predictors of the <span>P cycling genetic resistance</span><span> to three global change drivers</span>. Overall, our work highlights the importance of soil stoichiometric balance for maintaining the ability of microbially-driven ecosystem functions to withstand global change.</span></p>
Data from: Saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarp stoichiometry (C : N : P) across temperate rainforests as evidence of shared nutrient constraints among symbionts
Summary: Quantifying nutritional dynamics of free-living saprotrophs and symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) in the field is challenging, but the stoichiometry of fruiting bodies (sporocarps) may be an effective methodology for this purpose. Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations of soils, foliage and 146 sporocarp collections were analyzed from 14 Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii stands across a podzolization gradient on Vancouver Island (Canada). N and P concentrations were considerably higher in saprotrophic fungi. Fungal N% increased with soil N content at a greater rate for saprotrophs than EMF, while fungal P% of saprotrophs was more constrained. Fungal N:P was more responsive to soil N:P for EMF (homeostatic regulation coefficient 'H' =2.9) than saprotrophs (H= 5.9), while N:P of EMF and host tree foliage scaled almost identically. Results underscore the role of EMF as nutrient conduits, supporting host trees, whereas saprotrophs maintain a greater degree of nutritional homeostasis. Site nutrient constraints were shared in equal measure between EMF and host trees, particularly for P, suggesting neither partner benefits from enhanced nutrition at the expense of the other. Sporocarp stoichiometry provides new insights into mycorrhizal relationships and illustrates pervasive P deficiencies across temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest.
Data from: Soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry (C:N:P) in relation to conifer species productivity and nutrition across British Columbia perhumid rainforests
<p>Temperate rainforest soils of the Pacific Northwest are often carbon (C) rich and encompass a wide range in fertility reflecting varying nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability. Soil resource stoichiometry (C:N:P) may provide an effective measure of site nutrient status and help refine species-dependent patterns in forest productivity across edaphic gradients. We described the nature of soil organic matter for mineral soil and forest floor substrates across very wet (perhumid) rainforest sites of southwestern Vancouver Island (Canada), and employed soil element ratios as covariates in a long-term planting density trial to test their utility in defining basal area growth response of four conifer species. There were strong positive correlations in mineral soil C, N and organic P (P<sub>o</sub>) concentrations, and close alignment in C:N and C:P<sub>o</sub> both among and between substrates. Stand basal area after five decades was best reflected by soil C:N but included a significant species-soil interaction. The conifers with ectomycorrhizal fungi had diverging growth responses displaying either competitive (<i>Picea sitchensis</i>) or stress-tolerant (<i>Tsuga heterophylla</i>, <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>) attributes, in contrast to a more generalist response by an arbuscular mycorrhizal tree (<i>Thuja plicata</i>). Despite the consistent patterns in organic matter quality we found no evidence via foliar nutrition for increased P availability with declining element ratios as we did for N. The often high C:P<sub>o</sub> ratios (as much as 3000) of these soils may reflect a stronger immobilization sink for P than N, which, along with ongoing sorption of PO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>, could limit the utility of C:P<sub>o</sub> or N:P<sub>o</sub> to adequately reflect P supply. The dynamics and availability of soil P to trees, particularly as P<sub>o</sub>, deserves greater attention as many perhumid rainforests were co-limited by N and P, or, in some stands, possibly P alone. </p>
Soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling microbial populations and their resistance to global change depend on C:N:P stoichiometry
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Data from: Saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarp stoichiometry (C : N : P) across temperate rainforests as evidence of shared nutrient constraints among symbionts
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Effects of grazing on C:N:P stoichiometry attenuate from soils to plants and insect herbivores in a semi-arid grassland
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Data from: Interactions between C:N:P stoichiometry and soil macrofauna control dung decomposition of savanna herbivores
1. Although dung of mammalian herbivores is an important pathway for nutrient return in savanna ecosystems, differences in dung decomposition rates among species have been little studied. 2. We measured rates of dung deposition and decomposition for various herbivores in a moist Tanzanian savanna, and related differences among species to nutrient concentrations and the activities of soil macrofauna (e.g., different mesh sizes of decomposition bags, or presence and absence of dung beetles). 3. Dung C:N:P stoichiometry varied widely among species, which could in part be explained by differences in feeding strategy (browsers vs. grazers) and digestive physiology (ruminants vs. non-ruminants). Rates of both decomposition and nutrient release were influenced by the C:N:P stoichiometry of dung, with lower relative losses of the least abundant nutrient. Surprisingly, soil macrofauna increased relative losses of the least abundant nutrient, thereby stabilizing the ratio of N loss to P loss. Dung beetles increased rates of N and P release from wildebeest dung significantly and also increased N availability in the soil. 4. We conclude that rates of nutrient return in dung depend not only on where herbivores deposit their dung, but also on its C:N:P stoichiometry, the activity of soil macrofauna, and interactions between these factors. These factors may therefore influence the relative availabilities of N and P in the soil and hence the functioning of savanna ecosystems.
Data from: C:N:P stoichiometry in China's forests: from organs to ecosystems
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Data from: C:N:P stoichiometry of Artemisia species and close relatives across northern China: unraveling effects of climate, soil and taxonomy
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Data from: Interactions between C:N:P stoichiometry and soil macrofauna control dung decomposition of savanna herbivores
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Data from: How arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi drives herbaceous plants' C: N: P stoichiometry?
<p>Plant element stoichiometry is fundamental for preserving growth-related terrestrial ecosystem structures and functions. However, effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on herbaceous plant element stoichiometry (carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P)) remain unclear. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the potential effects of AMF on herbaceous plant C, N and P concentration and their C:N:P stoichiometry worldwide through a quantitative meta-analysis. We observed that AMF reduced C:P and N:P ratios in the shoot of plants by 35.83% and 54.23%, respectively, and in plant root organs by 36.24% and 46.35%, respectively. Conversely, C:N ratios increased in roots by 6.61%. The negative effect of AMF on N:P and C:P ratios in plant shoots and root organs is mainly attributed to the plant benefits in P and N concentrations. AMF impact on plant C:N:P stoichiometry depends on fungal and plant functional group identities and soil nutrient availability. Our results suggest that plant functional group identity affects plant nutrient concentration, which, in turn, controls herbaceous plant C:N:P stoichiometry. Also, we emphasize the importance of abiotic and biotic environmental factors in changing AMF effects on plant element stoichiometry. Therefore, clarifying the relationship between AMF and herbaceous plant C:N:P stoichiometry will improve our understanding of herbaceous plant stoichiometric variations in terrestrial ecosystems.</p>
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