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6 results for “CH4 uptake”
CH4 Uptake by Forest Soils at two sites in the Northeastern US
Soil to atmosphere net CH4 fluxes were measured at two different sites in order to assess the long term effects of environmental change on soil CH4 uptake. This data set includes samples collected between 1998-2016 at the Baltimore Ecosystem Study, MD and Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH from 2002-2015. These data were assembled and are published here in support of the following paper: Ni, X. and P.M. Groffman. 2018. Decines in methane uptake in forest soils. Proceedings of the National Academies of Science of the United States of America: www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1807377115. This datset is a derived from two datasets in this same repository: Groffman P. 2017. Soil atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/d2d727c9638c0fc23bd5be55a767cfb5 Groffman P. 2016. Forest soil:atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 1997- present. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/9d017f1a32cba6788d968dc03632ee03.
Data and code for: Suppression of nitrogen deposition on global forest soil CH4 uptake depends on nitrogen status
<p>Methane (CH4) is the second most important atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) and forest soils are a significant sink for atmospheric CH4. Uptake of CH4 by global forest soils is affected by nitrogen (N) deposition; clarifying the effect of N deposition helps to reduce uncertainties of the global CH4 budget. However, it remains an unsolved puzzle why N input stimulates soil CH4 flux (RCH4) in some forests while suppressing it in others. Combining previous findings and data from N addition experiments conducted in global forests, we proposed and tested a “stimulating-suppressing-weakened effect” (“three stages”) hypothesis on the changing responses of RCH4 to N input. Specifically, we calculated the response factors (f) of RCH4 to N input for N-limited and N-saturated forests across biomes; the phased changes in f values supported our hypothesis. We also estimated the global forest soil CH4 uptake budget to be approximately 11.2 Tg yr–1. CH4 uptake hotspots were located predominantly in temperate forests. Furthermore, we quantified that current level of N deposition reduced global forest soil CH4 uptake by ~3%. This suppression effect was more pronounced in temperate forests than in tropical or boreal forests, likely due to differences in N status. The proposed “three stages” hypothesis in this study generalizes the diverse effects of N input on RCH4, which could help improve experimental design. Additionally, our findings imply that by regulating N pollution and reducing N deposition, soil CH4 uptake can be significantly increased in the N-saturated forests in tropical and temperate biomes.</p> <p>Specifically, Data Set S1 (CH4_exp dataset in main text) was used to derive the response factors of soil CH4 flux to N input in global forests; Data Set S2 (CH4_obs dataset in main text) was used to estimate the soil CH4 fluxes in global forests; Data Sets S3–S7 were used to classify the N-limited and N-saturated forests on global level; Data Set S8 contains environmental factors (MAT, MAP, soil texture, etc.) for global estimations on grid level; Data Set S9 contains global forest soil CH4 budgets reported in previous studies. The data analysis process and produced figures can be replicated with the uploaded R script (Code S1).</p>
Urbanization can accelerate climate change by increasing soil N2O emission while reducing CH4 uptake
<p><span>Urban land use change has the potential to affect local to </span><span>global biogeochemical carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes</span><span>. We conducted a meta-analysis to 1) assess the effects of urbanization-induced land-use conversion on soil nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) fluxes, 2) quantify direct </span><span>N<sub>2</sub>O</span><span> emission factors (EF<sub>d</sub>) of fertilized urban soils used e.g., as lawns or forests, and 3) identify the key drivers leading to flux changes associated with urbanization. On average, urbanization increases soil </span><span>N<sub>2</sub>O</span><span> emissions by 153%, to 3.0 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>, while rates of soil CH4 uptake are reduced by 50%, to 2.0 kg C </span><span>ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup></span><span>. The mean annual </span><span>N<sub>2</sub>O</span> <span>EF<sub>d</sub></span><span> of fertilized lawns and urban forests is 1.4%, suggesting that urban soils can be regional hotspots of </span><span>N<sub>2</sub>O</span><span> emissions. On a global basis, conversion of land to urban greenspaces has increased soil </span><span>N<sub>2</sub>O</span><span> emission by 0.46 Tg </span><span>N<sub>2</sub>O</span><span>-N yr<sup>-1</sup> and decreased soil </span><span>CH<sub>4</sub></span><span> uptake by 0.58 Tg </span><span>CH<sub>4</sub></span><span>-C yr<sup>-1</sup>. Urbanization-driven changes in soil </span><span>N<sub>2</sub>O</span><span> emission and CH4 uptake are associated with changes in soil properties (bulk density, pH, total N content and C/N ratio), increased temperature, and management practices, especially fertilizer use. Overall, our meta-analysis shows that urbanization increases soil </span><span>N<sub>2</sub>O</span><span> emissions and reduces the role of soils as a sink for atmospheric </span><span>CH<sub>4</sub></span><span>. These effects can be mitigated by avoiding soil compaction, reducing fertilization of lawns, and restoring native ecosystems in urban landscapes.</span></p>
Urbanization can accelerate climate change by increasing soil N2O emission while reducing CH4 uptake
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Data for: Inundation depth stimulates plant-mediated CH4 emissions by increasing ecosystem carbon uptake and plant height in an estuarine wetland
<p>Plant-mediated CH<sub>4</sub> emission is an important part of the ecosystem CH<sub>4</sub> emission from vegetated wetlands. Inundation depth may alter the potential magnitude of CH<sub>4</sub> releases by changing CH<sub>4</sub> production and plant transport, but the relationships between plant-mediated CH<sub>4</sub> emissions and inundation depth are still uncertain, especially for estuarine wetlands with changeable hydrological processes. Besides, there are conflicting results regarding the role of inundation depth in plant-mediated CH<sub>4</sub> emissions.</p> <p>Here we conducted a novel inundation depth experiment (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm inundation depth) dominated by <em>Phragmites australis</em> in the Yellow River estuary, China. Soil CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, ecosystem CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, net ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> exchange (NEE), soil organic carbon (SOC) and plant traits were measured during the growing seasons of 2018, 2019 and 2020. Plant-mediated CH<sub>4</sub> emissions were the difference between ecosystem CH<sub>4</sub> emissions and soil CH<sub>4</sub> emissions.</p> <p>The results showed that inundation depth decreased soil CH<sub>4</sub> emissions but increased ecosystem CH<sub>4</sub> emissions. Plant-mediated CH<sub>4</sub> transport from <em>Phragmites australis</em> accounted for 99% of total ecosystem CH<sub>4</sub> emissions under different inundation depths. Inundation depth strongly stimulated plant-mediated CH<sub>4</sub> emission from 0 to 20 cm during the growing seasons. The increased net ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> exchange enhanced plant-mediated CH<sub>4</sub> emissions by altering production, suggesting that carbon components derived from photosynthetic carbon input may benefit CH<sub>4</sub> production. Additionally, the increased plant height promoted CH<sub>4</sub> emission by regulating plant transport, indicating that plant traits may play an important role in transport of CH<sub>4</sub>.</p> <p>Our findings indicated that NEE and plant height play an important role in plant-mediated CH<sub>4</sub> emissions under different inundation depths in estuarine wetland. This study also highlights that hydrological regimes and plant traits are essential for the estimation of CH<sub>4</sub> emissions in future projections of global wetland changes.</p>
Data for: Inundation depth stimulates plant-mediated CH4 emissions by increasing ecosystem carbon uptake and plant height in an estuarine wetland
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