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13 results for “Caenophidia”
FIGURE 8 in A new genus and species of xenodermatid snake (Squamata: Caenophidia: Xenodermatidae) from northern Lao People's Democratic Republic
FIGURE 8. General view of the biotope of Parafimbrios lao at the type locality in Louangphabang Province, Laos. Photograph: A. Teynié.
FIGURE 6 in A new genus and species of xenodermatid snake (Squamata: Caenophidia: Xenodermatidae) from northern Lao People's Democratic Republic
FIGURE 6. Comparative general views in life: A) Fimbrios klossi, Paksong, Champasak Province, Laos and B) Parafimbrios lao spec. nov. (MNHN 2013.1002), Muang Ngoi, Ngoi District, Louangphabang Province, Laos. Photographs: A. Teynié.
FIGURE 4 in A new genus and species of xenodermatid snake (Squamata: Caenophidia: Xenodermatidae) from northern Lao People's Democratic Republic
FIGURE 4. Parafimbrios lao spec. nov., the second specimen in life in natural biotope, Vieng Xai District District, Houaphan Province, Laos: A) View of head and B) Close-up view of the body showing dorsal ranks of scales. Note the two dorsal rows above each ventral scale, an almost unique condition in snakes that is also present in the monotypic genus Xenodermus of the same family. Photographs: A. Teynié.
FIGURE 5 in A new genus and species of xenodermatid snake (Squamata: Caenophidia: Xenodermatidae) from northern Lao People's Democratic Republic
FIGURE 5. Views of head of Parafimbrios lao spec. nov compared with those of the two known species of the genus Fimbrios: Parafimbrios lao spec. nov., holotype (MNHN 2013.1002): A) dorsal view and B) lateral view; C) Fimbrios klossi, Paksong, Champasak Province, Laos; and D) Fimbrios smithi, holotype (IEBR 3157), Phong Nha–Ke Bang National Park, Quang Binh Province, Vietnam. Photographs: A. Teynié (A–C) and T. Ziegler (D).
FIGURE 3 in A new genus and species of xenodermatid snake (Squamata: Caenophidia: Xenodermatidae) from northern Lao People's Democratic Republic
FIGURE 3. Parafimbrios lao spec. nov., holotype (MNHN 2013.1002), alive in its natural biotope, Ngoi District, Louangphabang Province, Laos: A) General view and B) Close-up view of head. Photographs: A. Teynié.
FIGURE 2 in A new genus and species of xenodermatid snake (Squamata: Caenophidia: Xenodermatidae) from northern Lao People's Democratic Republic
FIGURE 2. Parafimbrios lao spec. nov., holotype (MNHN 2013.1002): A) Close-up view of the head and of the dorsal scalation at midbody and B) Ventral view. Photographs: A. Teynié.
FIGURE 1 in A new genus and species of xenodermatid snake (Squamata: Caenophidia: Xenodermatidae) from northern Lao People's Democratic Republic
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic hypothesis based on the maximum likelihood. Numbers above and under branches are MP / ML bootstrap values and Bayesian posterior probabilities, respectively. Asterisk represents 100% BP value or 1 PP value.
FIGURE 7 in A new genus and species of xenodermatid snake (Squamata: Caenophidia: Xenodermatidae) from northern Lao People's Democratic Republic
FIGURE 7. Comparative distributions of Parafimbrios lao with species of the genus Fimbrios: Parafimbrios lao: (1) Ngoi District, Luangphrabang Province, Laos (type locality); (2) Vieng Xai district, Houaphan Province. - Fimbrios smithi: (3) Phong Nha—Ke Bang National Park, Quang Binh Province, Vietnam (type locality). - Fimbrios klossi: Vietnam: (4) Quang Tri Province, (5) Thua Thien—Hue Province, (6) Kon Tum Province, (7) Quang Ngai Province, (8) Gia Lai Province, (9) Dak Lak Province, (10) Langbian Plateau, Lam Dong Province (type locality); Laos: (11) Paksong, Boloven Highlands, Champasak Province; and Cambodia: (12) Bokor, Kampot Province (Notes: Orlov et al. [2003] mentioned only provincial records of Fimbrios klossi in southern Vietnam without precise localities. As a consequence, corresponding numbers (localities Nr 4 to 6) are placed approximately in the centre of the corresponding provinces.
FIGURE 1 in Fossil calibration dates for molecular phylogenetic analysis of snakes 2: Caenophidia, Colubroidea, Elapoidea, Colubridae
FIGURE 1. Phylogeny of Caenophidia from Pyron et al. (2013a) temporally calibrated on minimum ages reported here. Taxon names in grey have not been described in the fossil record. Taxon names in black have been described from fossils. See Holman (2000) and Szyndlar (2012) for records. Taxa labeled with two identifiers represent the most inclusive clades subtended by those identifiers following Pyron et al. (2013a).
FIGURE 2 in Dissecting the major African snake radiation: a molecular phylogeny of the Lamprophiidae Fitzinger (Serpentes, Caenophidia)
FIGURE 2. Bayesian tree obtained from the combined data set (c-mos, RAG2, 12S & 16S rRNA, cytochrome b and ND4; 90 taxa, 3950 sites). Nodes with values are supported by ML bootstrap values above 70% (first value) and/or by Bayesian posterior probabilities above 95% (second value). The genera Stenophis and Lamprophis are each polyphyletic. The genus Mehelya is paraphyletic with respect to Gonionotophis.
FIGURE 1 in Dissecting the major African snake radiation: a molecular phylogeny of the Lamprophiidae Fitzinger (Serpentes, Caenophidia)
FIGURE 1. Bayesian tree obtained from the nuclear data set (c-mos and RAG2; 31 taxa, 1263 sites). Nodes with values are supported by ML bootstrap values above 70% (first value) and/or by Bayesian posterior probabilities above 95% (second value).
Data from: Effectiveness of phylogenomic data and coalescent species-tree methods for resolving difficult nodes in the phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes: Caenophidia)
Next-generation genomic sequencing promises to quickly and cheaply resolve remaining contentious nodes in the Tree of Life, and facilitates species-tree estimation while taking into account stochastic genealogical discordance among loci. Recent methods for estimating species trees bypass full likelihood-based estimates of the multi-species coalescent, and approximate the true species-tree using simpler summary metrics. These methods converge on the true species-tree with sufficient genomic sampling, even in the anomaly zone. However, no studies have yet evaluated their efficacy on a large-scale phylogenomic dataset, and compared them to previous concatenation strategies. Here, we generate such a dataset for Caenophidian snakes, a group with >2500 species that contains several rapid radiations that were poorly resolved with fewer loci. We generate sequence data for 333 single-copy nuclear loci with ∼100% coverage (∼0% missing data) for 31 major lineages. We estimate phylogenies using neighbor joining, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and three summary species-tree approaches (NJst, STAR, and MP-EST). All methods yield similar resolution and support for most nodes. However, not all methods support monophyly of Caenophidia, with Acrochordidae placed as the sister taxon to Pythonidae in some analyses. Thus, phylogenomic species-tree estimation may occasionally disagree with well-supported relationships from concatenated analyses of small numbers of nuclear or mitochondrial genes, a consideration for future studies. In contrast for at least two diverse, rapid radiations (Lamprophiidae and Colubridae), phylogenomic data and species-tree inference do little to improve resolution and support. Thus, certain nodes may lack strong signal, and larger datasets and more sophisticated analyses may still fail to resolve them.
Data from: Effectiveness of phylogenomic data and coalescent species-tree methods for resolving difficult nodes in the phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes: Caenophidia)
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