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Fig. 1 in Working towards a conservation plan for fish parasites: Cyprinid parasites from the south African cape fold freshwater ecoregion as a case study

Fig. 1. Map illustrating localities where the five cyprinid hosts were collected in the Cape Fold ecoregion in the Western Cape, South Africa.

Fig. 7 in Working towards a conservation plan for fish parasites: Cyprinid parasites from the south African cape fold freshwater ecoregion as a case study

Fig. 7. Rarefaction/extrapolation curve estimating the diversity of parasites as a function of sampling effort for three of the five hosts collected in the OlifantsDoorn River System, Western Cape Province, South Africa. Shaded area represents the 95% confidence interval obtained using the bootstrap method based on 100 repetitions. Created using iNEXT Online (Chao et al., 2016).

Fig. 4 in Working towards a conservation plan for fish parasites: Cyprinid parasites from the south African cape fold freshwater ecoregion as a case study

Fig. 4. Pseudobarbus calidus (Barnard, 1938) (max. length: 125 mm) (A). Sclerites of Paradiplozoon sp. from the gills (B). Acanthocephala from the body cavity, whole specimen (C) and hooks on proboscis (top left insert). Larval Contracaecum sp. from the body cavity, anterior (D) and posterior (E) ends, lateral view. Scale bars: 100 μm (B, C, D, E).

Fig. 6 in Working towards a conservation plan for fish parasites: Cyprinid parasites from the south African cape fold freshwater ecoregion as a case study

Fig. 6. Sedercypris erubescens (Skelton, 1974) (max. length: 120 mm) (A). Larval Contracaecum sp. from the body cavity, anterior (B) and posterior (C) ends, lateral view. Scale bars: 100 μm (B, C).

Fig. 5 in Working towards a conservation plan for fish parasites: Cyprinid parasites from the south African cape fold freshwater ecoregion as a case study

Fig. 5. Pseudobarbus phlegethon (Barnard, 1938) (max. length: 65 mm) (A); Acanthogyrus sp. found from the body cavity (B). Scale bar: 500 μm.

Fig. 3 in Working towards a conservation plan for fish parasites: Cyprinid parasites from the south African cape fold freshwater ecoregion as a case study

Fig. 3. Labeobarbus seeberi (Gilchrist et Thompson, 1913) (max. length: 270 mm) (A); Myxobolus sp. (B) and Dactylogyrus sp. from the gills of L. seeberi, hamuli and marginal hooks (C), male copulatory complex (D) and vagina (E). Lateral view of Rhabdochona sp. 2 from the intestine, anterior end of female (F) and male (G), posterior end of male (H); metacercariae of Diplostomidae (I) from black cysts on skin. Scale bars: 10 μm (B); 50 μm (D, E); 100 μm (C, F, G, H, I).

Fig. 2 in Working towards a conservation plan for fish parasites: Cyprinid parasites from the south African cape fold freshwater ecoregion as a case study

Fig. 2. Cheilobarbus serra (Peters, 1864) (max. length: 350 mm) (A); adult Paradiplozoon sp. (B) and sclerites in attachment clamps (C, D) found on the gills; hamuli of Gyrodactylus sp. (E) and marginal hooks (F), and a pre-metamorphic stage of the copepod belonging to the Lernaeidae (G), both from the gills. Anterior (H) and posterior (I) ends of Rhabdochona sp. 1 (lateral view) from the intestine; (J) whole specimen of the Caryophyllidea. Scale bars: 10 μm (E, F); 100 μm (C, D, G, H, I); 500 μm (B); 1000 μm (J).

Figure 4 from: Chakona A, Skelton PH (2017) A review of the Pseudobarbus afer (Peters, 1864) species complex (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) in the eastern Cape Fold Ecoregion of South Africa. ZooKeys 657: 109-140. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.657.11076

Figure 4 - Scatter plots of scale counts and selected morphometric characters of Pseudobarbus afer s.s., Pseudobarbus senticeps and Pseudobarbus swartzi sp. n.

Figure 5 from: Chakona A, Skelton PH (2017) A review of the Pseudobarbus afer (Peters, 1864) species complex (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) in the eastern Cape Fold Ecoregion of South Africa. ZooKeys 657: 109-140. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.657.11076

Figure 5 - Live colours of Pseudobarbus afer s.s (SAIAB 203790) from the Waterkloof River, Swartkops River system, Pseudobarbus senticeps (RS17AL01) from the source pool in the Upper Krom River system and Pseudobarbus swartzi sp. n. (SAIAB 203792) from a tributary of the Wabooms River, Gamtoos River system.

Figure 3 from: Chakona A, Skelton PH (2017) A review of the Pseudobarbus afer (Peters, 1864) species complex (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) in the eastern Cape Fold Ecoregion of South Africa. ZooKeys 657: 109-140. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.657.11076

Figure 3 - a Scatter plot of PC1 against PC2 for a PCA carried out on five raw meristic characters (scale counts) for 162 specimens of the Pseudobarbus afer complex b Scatter plot of PC1 against PC2 for a PCA carried out on 17 morphometric characters for 154 specimens of the Pseudobarbus afer complex. Syntypes were not included in the analyses as all three specimens are in very poor condition, with very few intact scales, flaccid bodies and damaged fins. The plots indicate that Pseudobarbus senticeps, Pseudobarbus afer s.s. and Pseudobarbus swartzi can be clearly separated based on scale counts, but the three species show considerable overlap in morphological characters.

Figure 7 from: Chakona A, Skelton PH (2017) A review of the Pseudobarbus afer (Peters, 1864) species complex (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) in the eastern Cape Fold Ecoregion of South Africa. ZooKeys 657: 109-140. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.657.11076

Figure 7 - Map of the eastern Cape Fold Ecoregion showing confirmed distributions of Pseudobarbus senticeps (turquois diamonds) restricted to the Krom River system), Pseudobarbus swartzi sp. n. (blue squares) (restricted to the Gamtoos River system and the Kabeljous and Seekoei Rivers) and Pseudobarbus afer s.s (red circles)(Baakens, Swartkops and Sundays River systems) based on recent surveys (2000–2016). Additional surveys are required to more accurately map the distribution ranges of these species in the Krom, Gamtoos, Swart, Kabeljous, Baakens and Sundays, and determine the status of populations in the Seekoei and Maitland River systems (open squares).

Figure 2 from: Chakona A, Skelton PH (2017) A review of the Pseudobarbus afer (Peters, 1864) species complex (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) in the eastern Cape Fold Ecoregion of South Africa. ZooKeys 657: 109-140. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.657.11076

Figure 2 - Bayesian phylogenetic tree showing genetic distances between Pseudobarbus afer s. s, Pseudobarbus senticeps and Pseudobarbus swartzi sp. n. and their relationships with the other single barbeled Pseudobarbus species and lineages in the Cape Fold Ecoregion of South Africa. Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown on the branches. The symbols correspond to the distribution map of the three species in Figure 7.

Figure 8 from: Chakona A, Skelton PH (2017) A review of the Pseudobarbus afer (Peters, 1864) species complex (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) in the eastern Cape Fold Ecoregion of South Africa. ZooKeys 657: 109-140. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.657.11076

Figure 8 - a An illustration of part of the Cape Fold Belt showing the drainage of the Gamtoos River system, sites of drainage capture of adjacent river systems and historical direction of flow of captured rivers (modified from Skelton, 1980) b Part of the eastern Cape Fold Ecoregion showing reconstructed Palaeoriver systems during the Last Glacial Maximum (modified from Swartz et al., 2007). The numerals represent present day river systems in the study area for the present study: 1, Krom; 2, Seekoei; 3, Swart; 4, Kabeljous; 5, Gamtoos; 6, Van Stadens; 7, Maitland; 8, Baakens; 9, Swartkops; 10, Coega; 11, Sundays).

Figure 6 from: Chakona A, Skelton PH (2017) A review of the Pseudobarbus afer (Peters, 1864) species complex (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) in the eastern Cape Fold Ecoregion of South Africa. ZooKeys 657: 109-140. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.657.11076

Figure 6 - Preserved colours of Pseudobarbus afer s.s topotype (SAIAB 203790) from the Waterkloof River, Swartkops River system, Pseudobarbus senticeps holotype (SAIAB 304) from the Assegaaibosch River, Krom River system, Pseudobarbus senticeps topotype (SAIAB 200302) from the Assegaaibosch River, Krom River system, and Pseudobarbus swartzi sp. n. holotype (SAIAB 203792) from a tributary of the Wabooms River, Gamtoos River system. Note the differences in the arrangement of melanophores which produces distinct patterns on the latero-ventral scales of the three species.

Figure 2 from: Martin MB, Chakona A (2019) Designation of a neotype for Enteromius pallidus (Smith, 1841), an endemic cyprinid minnow from the Cape Fold Ecoregion, South Africa. ZooKeys 848: 103-118. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.848.32211

Figure 2 Map of the African continent (A) showing the position of South Africa (B), and the distribution of Enteromiuspallidus in the eastern Cape Fold freshwater ecoregion (C). The Baakens River, which is the type locality of E.pallidus, is now entirely contained within the city of Port Elizabeth (Nelson Mandela Metropolitan). Green dots represent sampling localities for the tissue samples that were used for the genetic study of Chakona et al. (2015).

Figure 1 from: Martin MB, Chakona A (2019) Designation of a neotype for Enteromius pallidus (Smith, 1841), an endemic cyprinid minnow from the Cape Fold Ecoregion, South Africa. ZooKeys 848: 103-118. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.848.32211

Figure 1 Illustration of Enteromiuspallidus [formerly Barbus (Pseudobarbus) pallidus] from Smith (1841).

Figure 4 from: Martin MB, Chakona A (2019) Designation of a neotype for Enteromius pallidus (Smith, 1841), an endemic cyprinid minnow from the Cape Fold Ecoregion, South Africa. ZooKeys 848: 103-118. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.848.32211

Figure 4 General body features and live (A) and alcohol preserved (B) coloration of a mature breeding male E.pallidus (A, BSAIAB 207084), and live (C) and alcohol preserved (D) coloration of an unsexed sub-adult (SAIAB 207084). Scale bar: 10 mm.

Figure 3 from: Martin MB, Chakona A (2019) Designation of a neotype for Enteromius pallidus (Smith, 1841), an endemic cyprinid minnow from the Cape Fold Ecoregion, South Africa. ZooKeys 848: 103-118. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.848.32211

Figure 3 General body features and live (A) and alcohol preserved (B) coloration of the neotype of Enteromiuspallidus (SAIAB 207086), a gravid adult female. Scale bar: 10 mm.

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Figure 1 from: Chakona A, Skelton PH (2017) A review of the Pseudobarbus afer (Peters, 1864) species complex (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) in the eastern Cape Fold Ecoregion of South Africa. ZooKeys 657: 109-140. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.657.11076

Figure 1 - Distribution of the Eastern Cape redfin, Pseudobarbus afer, as presently described.