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1,168 results for “Carbon data”
Harmonized Soil Organic Carbon and Phosphorus Data for the Contiguous United States
Soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil phosphorus can strongly influence adjacent water quality by introducing nutrients into aquatic ecosystems and also altering the light environment of those ecosystems. However, national-scale data are uncommon, and even when available, they are usually not aggregated in a manner that is expeditiously merged with basin-level data. To facilitate national-scale analyses of soil data with co-located water quality data, we present aggregated SOC and soil phosphorus data for the Contiguous United States. Data are aggregated using the HydroBASINS basin shapefiles. HYBAS_ID is retained to enable merging with HydroBASINS parent datasets.
Cascade Project at North Temperate Lakes LTER Core Data Carbon 1984 - 2023
Data on dissolved organic and inorganic carbon, particulate organic matter, partial pressure of CO2 and absorbance at 440nm. Samples were collected with a Van Dorn sampler. Organic carbon and absorbance samples were collected from the epilimnion, metalimnion, and hypolimnion. Inorganic samples were collected at depths corresponding to 100%, 50%, 25%, 10%, 5%, and 1% of surface irradiance, as well as one sample from the hypolimnion. Samples for the partial pressure of CO2 were collected from two meters above the lake surface (air) and just below the lake surface (water). Sampling frequency: varies; number of sites: 14
Cascade Project at North Temperate Lakes LTER cross-lakes comparison carbon Data 1988 - 2007
Data on dissolved organic and inorganic carbon as well as particulate organic matter and the partial pressure of CO2. Samples were collected with a Van Dorn bottle. Organic samples were collected from the epilimnion, metalimnion, and hypolimnion. Inorganic samples were collected at depths corresponding to 100%, 50%, 25%, 10%, 5%, and 1% of surface irradiance, as well as one sample from the hypolimnion. Samples for the partial pressure of CO2 were collected from two meters above the lake surface (air) and just below the lake surface (water).
The Southern Ocean carbon cycle 1985-2018: Mean, seasonal cycle, trends and storage - Data
<p>Postprocessed data set used for RECCAP2 Southern Ocean chapter:</p><p>Hauck, Gregor, et al.: The Southern Ocean carbon cycle 1985-2018: Mean, seasonal cycle, trends and storage</p><p>The raw data is available at: Müller, Jens Daniel. (2023). RECCAP2-ocean data collection [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7990823</p><p>Scripts for plotting are available at https://github.com/RECCAP2-ocean/Southern-Ocean and a frozen version of the scripts is deposited at:</p><p>Judith Hauck, Luke Gregor, Cara Nissen, Lavinia Patara, Mark Hague, & Precious Mongwe. (2023). The Southern Ocean carbon cycle 1985-2018: Mean, seasonal cycle, trends and storage - Scripts. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10076121</p><p> </p>
Survey data on climate policy in three countries (Peru, Ghana, Philippines) within the project "Sustainable Middle Classes in Middle Income Countries: Transforming Carbon Consumption Patterns (SMMICC)"
<p>The unprecedented growth of the new middle classes in middle income developing countries implies a strong growth in both consumption and carbon emissions. The research project Sustainable Middle Classes in Middle Income Countries (SMMICC) investigates the drivers of carbon consumption choices of the new middle classes and policy options to decrease their carbon footprints, including the implementation of carbon taxes</p> <p>The research of the authors generated quantitative data on the acceptability of carbon taxes in three countries (Peru, Ghana, Philippines).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>The data is provided in the following formats:</strong></p> <p>- 2024-07-26_malerba_10.5281/zenodo.12662722_ghana.csv<br>- 2024-07-26_malerba_10.5281/zenodo.12662722_peru.csv<br>- 2024-07-26_malerba_10.5281/zenodo.12662722_philippines.csv</p> <p>- 2024-07-26_malerba_10.5281/zenodo.12662722_ghana.dta<br>- 2024-07-26_malerba_10.5281/zenodo.12662722_peru.dta<br>- 2024-07-26_malerba_10.5281/zenodo.12662722_philippines.dta</p> <p>Additionally, the codebooks on variables of questionnaire and political parties in each country are attached in a csv format.</p>
2018-2020 Laboratory measurements of inorganic carbon accompanied by sensor data measurements of in situ inorganic carbon from the Upper Clark Fork River (Montana, USA)
These data were collected to support the Upper Clark Fork River restoration monitoring project supported by the US NSF Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) and Consortium for Research in Environmental Water Systems (CREWS) programs. The LTREB monitoring project consists of monthly and bi-weekly water quality monitoring across a 215-km river restoration gradient contaminated by historic mining practices to monitor inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, biotic standing stocks, heavy metal contamination, organic and inorganic carbon concentrations, and physicochemical parameters. The original analytical intent for these data was to assess the accuracy of calculating the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) from electrochemical and spectrophotometric pH along with total alkalinity (AT). These data correspond to two parts: a tank study and a field application. The tank study was a set of controlled laboratory experiments that took place in a well-mixed temperature-controlled tank of freshwater. Data for the tank study are primarily measurements of electrochemical and spectrophotometric pH, AT, electrical conductivity, temperature, and ionic strength. The field application was used to demonstrate the real-world applicability of the tank study results in the Upper Clark Fork River (USGS HUC 17010201) at the Gold Creek site southeast of Missoula, MT, USA. Data from the field application are primarily high frequency measurements of carbon dioxide, pH, temperature, and electrical conductivity. Additional miscellaneous data were collected for quality control. These field data were collected using field deployments of SAMI sensors from Sunburst Sensors (Missoula, Montana, USA). Electrical conductivity data were collected with a HOBO sensor from Onset Computer Corporation (Bourne, Massachusetts, USA).
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data from Arctic coastscapes associated with coastal invertebrate and fish food webs, 1999-2022
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data are commonly used to elucidate food web structure and partition food source importance to consumers. Here, stable isotope data were gathered from across the coastal Arctic to assess how differences in coastal type (i.e., coastscape) and longitudinal region differ across the Arctic. Data were collected between 1999-2022.
Hydrochemical Data from a Tropical Andean Glacierized Catchment: δ18O, electrical conductivity, maximum fluorescence intensity, and dissolved organic carbon concentrations from short-term sampling campaigns, Ecuador (2022 and 2024)
Fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) quality, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, electrical conductivity (EC), and stable water isotopes (δ¹⁸O and δ2H) were determined in water, snow, and ice samples from a tropical glacierized catchment in the Ecuadorian Andes. The sampling locations were selected to capture the major hydrologic inputs to the main stream channel (glacial melt, tributaries, wetlands, and groundwater springs) and constrain the in-stream spatiotemporal variation in DOM quality and other hydrochemical characteristics. Two sets of high-resolution time series were collected on Oct 13, 2022 and Jun 14, 2024. Time series samples were collected at various upper catchment locations and the outlet simultaneously. DOM quality was characterized via fluorescence spectroscopy and processed using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). The DOM quality data are expressed as %FMax values obtained through a 4-component PARAFAC model, where %Fmax 1– 4 are interpreted as terrestrial humic-like, tyrosine-like, tryptophan-like, and microbial humic-like fluorescent components, respectively. DOC concentrations were quantified using high-temperature catalytic combustion, stable water isotopes were analyzed using laser-based spectroscopy, and EC was measured in situ with handheld multiparameter water quality probes.
Plant and carbon data, snowmelt manipulation experiment, Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory (RMBL), 2023
These data are from a 2023 snowmelt manipulation experiment in Vera Meadow at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory. We experimentally advanced the snowmelt date in a montane meadow by approximately 12 days using black shade cloths and assessed the effect on plant and carbon dynamics. We measured net ecosystem exchange, gross primary productivity, and soil respiration using a Li-COR 7500 five times biweekly from June to August, plant community composition using the pin-drop method five times biweekly from June to August, and root biomass nine times using bulk soil cores. Using drone imagery, we measured the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This data package is completed.
Tongariro National Park, New Zealand, plant and carbon data, 2023-2024
These data were collected during the 2023-2024 growing season from the Warming and Removal in Mountains (WaRM) Experiment in Tongariro National Park, New Zealand, which was established in 2015. Passive warming was done with open-top chambers, and the invasive dominant species Calluna vulgaris was removed in a factorial design. Two additional treatments were established in 2022: native removal plots with Dracophyllum subulatum removal and uninvaded plots without C. vulgaris. We measured plant biomass, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and carbon fluxes (net ecosystem exchange, gross primary productivity, and ecosystem respiration), using a LI-7500, at three times across the growing season (November, January, and March). The average leaf thickness of each plot was also measured in January. Air temperature, soil moisture, and surface temperature were also included from the 2023-2024 growing season from TMS-4 probes.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR): Half-hourly growing season, chamber-based, CO2 flux data, 2009-2021
The Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR) project addresses the following questions: 1) Does ecosystem warming cause a net release of C from the ecosystem to the atmosphere?, 2) Does the decomposition of old C, that comprises the bulk of the soil C pool, influence ecosystem C loss?, and 3) How do winter and summer warming alone, and in combination, affect ecosystem C exchange? We are answering these questions using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure ecosystem carbon balance and radiocarbon isotope ratios at a warming experiment located in an upland tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. This data contains CO2 fluxes measured using an automated chamber system that measures net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE). Measurements are made every ~1.5 hours and modeled half-hourly. Half hour ecosystem respiration is modeled using an exponential Q10 relationship when light conditions are low (PAR<5umol/m2/s) and using a hyperbolic light relationship when PAR>5umol/m2/s. GPP is calculated as the difference between NEE and Reco.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating and Drying Research (DryPEHR): Growing season, chamber-based, CO2 flux data, 2009-2021
This drying and warming experiment addresses the following questions: 1) Does ecosystem drying, warming and permafrost thaw cause a net release or uptake of C from the ecosystem to the atmosphere?, 2) Does the decomposition of old C that comprises the bulk of the soil C pool influence ecosystem C loss? 3) How do drying and warming affect plant communities and ecosystem properties? We are answering these questions using a combined warming and drying experiment (DryPEHR), which is situated with the Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR) project and located in an upland tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. Warming treatment here refers to growing season air temperature warming (~1C) using open top chambers (OTC) combined with soil 'warming' using snow fences during the snow covered months. Drying is achieved using an automated pumping system that lowers the water table in the dry plots. Soil warming began in 2008; OTCs and drying in 2011. This data set includes measured values of CO2 fluxes during the growing season.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR): Seasonal water table depth data, 2012-2024
The Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR) project addresses the following questions: 1) Does ecosystem warming cause a net release of C from the ecosystem to the atmosphere?, 2) Does the decomposition of old C, that comprises the bulk of the soil C pool, influence ecosystem C loss?, and 3) How do winter and summer warming alone, and in combination, affect ecosystem C exchange? We are answering these questions using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure ecosystem carbon balance and radiocarbon isotope ratios at a warming experiment located in an upland tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. This data includes water table depth measurements collected from winter warming and control treatment plots at CiPEHR for the ice-free period of 2024. Note that the experimental warming portion of this experiment concluded in 2022. These data are a continuation of measurements taken at previously warmed plots but plots were not actively manipulated in 2023 and 2024.
FAB 1: Forests and Biodiversity Experiment - High density diversity experiment: carbon budget data
This data represents changes in above and belowground C pools in young stands six years after the initiation of the Forests and Biodiversity experiment (FAB1) in 2013, consisting of high density plots of one, two, five, or 12 tree species planted in a common garden. Trees were planted to represent a range of native functional diversity, including needle-leaf conifer and broadleaf deciduous species as well as ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal species. We quantified the effects of species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity on aboveground C accumulation, as well as on soil C accumulation, fine root C, and soil aggregation. To assess the role of the microbial community in mediating these effects, we further compared changes in soil C pools to phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) profiles collected in 2016.
Water, Soil, Floc, Plant Total Phosphorus, Total Carbon, and Bulk Density data (FCE) from Everglades Protection Area (EPA) from 2004 to 2016
These data are a compillation of data from multiple sources including South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) DBhydro web database, United States Environment Protection Agency Regional, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (REMAP), Everglades Soil Mapping (ESM), and Florida Coastal Everglades Long Term Ecological Research (FCE-LTER). The matrix of these data were compiled for soil, surface water, floc, and plants where the nutrients are counted for total phosphorus, total carbon, and bulk density. When downloading the data from DBhydro, only regularly collected samples (SAMP) were included these data. As per DBhydro metadata, the regular samples were collected monthly by grab method throughout the year from 2004 to 2016 for SFWMD monitoring stations across the EPA. All flagged and field quality controlled values were excluded to avoid the duplication of data. In order to maintain the quality assurance/ quality control (QA/QC) the method detection limit for water TP was fixed at 2 µg/L by the SFWMD. This data set were used to assess the decadal trend of TP concentration in surface water and soil in EPA. Available data from 2004 to 2014 was collected for soils and from 2004 to 2016 for water to understand a decade of trends. Both Geographic Information System (GIS) and statistical data analysis were applied to determine changes in water quality and soil chemistry. These data are the basis for Shishir Sarker's Master's thesis.
Soil nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide concentration data for Niwot Ridge and Loch Vale watershed, 1994.
Concentrations of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide from snow-covered alpine soil surfaces were measured at Niwot Ridge. Six sites characterized by relatively shallow snowpacks were sampled in 1993. A total of 27 sites were sampled in 1994. Nine of the 1994 sites were located in the naturally shallow snowfield sampled in 1993, 9 sites were located in a formerly shallow snowpack site where snow depth was augmented by the construction of a 2.8-m high, 60-m long snowfence, and the 9 remaining sites were located in a naturally deep snowpack. Concentrations of N2O and CO2 at the soil surface were measured monthly from January until March, biweekly through April, and weekly until snowmelt was complete. Elevated levels of CO2 under the snowpack, suggesting microbial activity, were first observed under the shallow snowpacks in early March of 1993. N2O production under snow was first observed in April 1993, when soil temperatures had warmed above -3 degrees C. In 1994 shallow snowpack sites exhibited diminished and sporadic production of both CO2 and N2O, apparently due to the inconsistent snow cover compared to 1993. The snowfence sites exhibited elevated CO2 and N2O levels beginning in February 1994. Both CO2 and N2O fluxes from the snowfence site were similar to those measured under the naturally deep snowpack. These data suggest that the timing and depth of snow cover during the alpine winter control microbial activity by insulating soils from extreme air temperatures. To obtain a regional perspective on subnivean trace gas fluxes, both CO2 and N2O samples were determined at sites below treeline on Niwot Ridge and at Loch Vale in Rocky Mountain National Park.
Soil nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide flux data for Niwot Ridge and Loch Vale watershed, 1994.
Fluxes of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide from snow-covered alpine soils were measured at Niwot Ridge. Six sites characterized by relatively shallow snowpacks were sampled in 1993. A total of 27 sites were sampled in 1994. Nine of the 1994 sites were located in the naturally shallow snowfield sampled in 1993, 9 sites were located in a formerly shallow snowpack site where snow depth was augmented by the construction of a 2.8-m high, 60-m long snowfence, and the 9 remaining sites were located in a naturally deep snowpack. Concentrations of N2O and CO2 at the soil surface were measured monthly from January until March, biweekly through April, and weekly until snowmelt was complete. Elevated levels of CO2 under the snowpack, suggesting microbial activity, were first observed under the shallow snowpacks in early March of 1993. N2O production under snow was first observed in April 1993, when soil temperatures had warmed above -3 degrees C. In 1994 shallow snowpack sites exhibited diminished and sporadic production of both CO2 and N2O, apparently due to the inconsistent snow cover compared to 1993. The snowfence sites exhibited increased CO2 and N2O fluxes beginning in February 1994. Both CO2 and N2O fluxes from the snowfence site were similar to those measured under the naturally deep snowpack. These data suggest that the timing and depth of snow cover during the alpine winter control microbial activity by insulating soils from extreme air temperatures. To obtain a regional perspective on subnivean trace gas fluxes, both CO2 and N2O samples were determined at sites below treeline on Niwot Ridge and at Loch Vale in Rocky Mountain National Park.
Data on ground ice, organic carbon and soluble cations in tundra permafrost and active-layer soils near Lac de Gras in the Slave Geological Province, N.W.T., Canada
<p>Data and computer code for producing figures for the manuscript:</p> <p>Subedi, R., Kokelj, S. V., and Gruber, S.: Ground ice, organic carbon and soluble cations <br> in tundra permafrost soils and sediments near a Laurentide ice divide in the Slave <br> Geological Province, N.W.T., Canada. The Cryosphere, accepted for publication in October 2020. </p> <p>Discussion paper and final version: https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2020-33</p> <p> </p> <p>==========================================================================================<br> CONTENT OF DIRECTORIES<br> ==========================================================================================<br> -– data [input data to produce plots]<br> |–– BoreholesMeta.csv<br> |–– brackets_photos_ice.csv<br> |–– brackets_photos_thawed.csv<br> |–– Lac_de_Gras_permafrost_20200612.csv<br> |–– NordicanaD<br> <br> |–– ds_000582159 [authoritative copy at doi: 10.5885/45558XD-EBDE74B80CE146C6]<br> |–– Cored_Drill_TCR.csv<br> |–– Cored_Drill_TCR.csv_ReadMe.txt<br> <br> |–– ds_000582163 [authoritative copy at doi: 10.5885/45558XD-EBDE74B80CE146C6]<br> |–– Cored_Drill_Logs.csv_ReadMe.txt<br> |–– Cored_Drill_Logs.csv</p> <p>–– plot [R scripts write plots into this subdirectory]</p> <p>–– src [R scripts to generate plots]<br> |–– Combined_Plots.R [produces Figures 3–6]<br> |–– Eskers.R [helper function called by Combined_Plots.R]<br> |–– Organics.R [helper function called by Combined_Plots.R]<br> |–– plot_boreholes_DD_single.R [produces Figures S3]<br> |–– plot_boreholes_DD.R [produces raw Figure S2 for further graphic processing]<br> |–– Till.R [helper function called by Combined_Plots.R]<br> |–– Valley.R [helper function called by Combined_Plots.R]</p> <p><br> ==========================================================================================<br> RUNNING SCRIPTS<br> ==========================================================================================</p> <p>Adjust the variable 'path' in these scrips, then run: <br> Combined_Plots.R<br> plot_boreholes_DD_single.R<br> plot_boreholes_DD.R </p> <p>Tested with R version 3.6.3 (2020-02-29) -- "Holding the Windsock"</p> <p> </p> <p>==========================================================================================<br> REFRERENCE<br> ==========================================================================================<br> Please note that the data contained in data/NordicanaD is published as Gruber et al. (2018)<br> and only included here for convenience. The full reference for the authoritative copy is: <br> <br> Gruber, S., Brown, N., Stewart-Jones, E., Karunaratne, K., Riddick, J., Peart, C., <br> Subedi, R., Kokelj, S. 2018. Drill logs, visible ice content and core photos from 2015 <br> surficial drilling in the Canadian Shield tundra near Lac de Gras, Northwest Territories, <br> Canada, v. 1.0 (2015-2015). Nordicana D38, doi: 10.5885/45558XD-EBDE74B80CE146C6. <br> http://www.cen.ulaval.ca/nordicanad/dpage.aspx?doi=45558XD-EBDE74B80CE146C6 </p>
Data for: Low velocity impact resistance of thin and toughened carbon fibre reinforced epoxy
<p><em><strong>Version v2:</strong> <br></em>Added tiff-image stacks</p> <p><em><strong>Version v1:</strong><br></em>The data is supplementary to the publication "Low velocity impact resistance of thin and toughened carbon fibre reinforced epoxy", DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2022.109362">10.1016/j.compscitech.2022.109362</a> as well as to the dissertation: "Morphology and Fracture of Block Copolymer and Core-Shell Rubber Particle Modified Epoxies and their Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composites", urn: <a href="https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:386-kluedo-63437">urn:nbn:de:hbz:386-kluedo-63437</a></p> <p>Key words: Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs), Impact behaviour, Low velocity impact, Barely visible impact damage, Damage tolerance, X-ray computed tomography, Fractography, Carbon fibre reinforced composite (CFRP)</p> <p>The data set is a collection of TXRM data of several low energy impact damages in CFRP specimens. The data was acquired via XCT (X-Ray Computed Tomography).</p> <p>Material details:</p> <ul> <li>Carbon fibre reinforced composite</li> <li>Thickness: ~ 1.65mm</li> <li>Matrix polymer: Epoxy-based (DGEBA): Sika CR144 + Anhydride curing agent (Huntsman Aradur917) + 1-Methylimidazole</li> <li>Carfon-fibre fabric: ECC Carbon fabric Style 763, based on Toho Tenax HTA40 E13, 140g/m²</li> <li>Layup: 13 layers, stacking sequence (45/-45/45/-45/90/0/90)s, (15% 0°/23% 90°/62% ± 45°) </li> <li>the average carbon fibre volume content was 52.5 ± 1.8 vol.-%</li> <li>cured ply-thickness: 126.1 μm</li> <li>Impact energies: 1J, 3J, 7J, 9J, 13J</li> <li>manufactured via autoclaving</li> </ul> <p>The reasearch received funding from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) within the funding program “Kurzstipendien fuer Doktoranden” (grant number: 57438025).</p>
Data from: Carbon accumulation of cool season sports turfgrass species in distinctive soil layers
<p>Carbon sequestered by turfgrasses may contribute to reducing atmospheric CO<sub>2 </sub>levels, to improved soil health and to increased turfgrass quality. Therfore in a field study conducted in the Netherlands, the amount of soil C accumulated by nine cool season turfgrass monocultures and 12 mixtures of turfgrass species during the first three years of establishment was analysed and compared. Thatch, mat and other soil layers and the layers were sampled and thickness of these layers was quantified. From these samples, dry matter, C and N concentrations, and CN ratio were measured.</p> <p>The study was conducted on a 3 years old turfgrass field of the turfgrass seed company DLF. The site was located in the Netherlands (51°32´N, 4°20´E), on a sandy soil (Hortic Anthrasol as described in the FAO/Unesco soil map of the world (2006)). The monocultures consisted of different varieties of the (sub)species <em>Lolium perenne (lp), Poa pratensis (Pp), Festuca arundinacea (Fa), Festuca rubra commutata (Frc), Festuca rubr trichophylla (Frt), Festuca rubra rubra (Frr), Festuca ovina duriuscala (Fod), Festuca ovina vulgaris (Fov), Agrostis stolonifera (As). </em>Varieties were treated as replicates per (sub)species, which resulted in some variation in the number of replicates, as not all species were available in the same number of varieties.<em> </em>Varieties of the<em> (s</em>ub)species and mixtures were on the market as commercial turfgrass seeds. </p> <p>In 2016 a soil profile sampler with a depth of 20 cm, a horizontal length of 10 cm and a width of 2 cm was used to take an undisturbed soil profile in each plot and the thickness of each layer, thatch, matt and remainder soil, was measured using the protocol as described in Evers et al. (2024). Plant biomass in the plots was quantified by taking cores of the top 20 cm of the soil with a core sampler (diameter 28 mm). Cores were divided into thatch, mat, the remainder soil till 10 cm depth, and 10-20 cm depth, respectively, based on the earlier measurement of layer thicknesses in the field. Sediment of each section was then carefully washed out with tap water, after which the remaining below-ground (dead and living) plant biomass was dried at 65°C until stable weight and weighed. Total C and N analyses were carried out at the General Instrumentation Department of Radboud University with a Vario Micro Cube Element Analyzer (Elementar, Langenselbold, Germany), from which C and N concentrations (in % of dry matter or in mg cm<sup>-3</sup> C from total plant biomass in a layer) and CN ratios were calculated.</p> <p>Statistical analyses were carried out using the open source program R version 3.5.2 (2018-12-20). Differences in thickness of thatch and mat as well as differences in the C accumulation and C- and N concentration in thatch, mat and soil layers between (sub)species of turfgrasses in were based on the calculated means per species. Normality of residuals and the equality of variances was checked with diagnostic plots and Levene’s test, respectively. Non-normal and heteroscedastic data were either log transformed in linear models from the car package, or general least square (gls) models using varIdent from the nlme package were used. All data were further analyzed with ANOVA-type3 from the car package, followed by the Tukey post hoc test of the emeans package. Correlations between thatch and mat thickness were analyzed with linear regression models in R of the ggplot package. Similar procedures were performed for correlation between thatch, mat or soil thickness and C accumulation as well as for the correlation between C concentration and N concentration on C accumulation in a particular layer.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.