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47 results for “Cardinalis”
Data from: Selection on early survival does not explain germination rate clines in Mimulus cardinalis
<p><strong>Premise</strong> Many traits covary with environmental gradients to form phenotypic clines. While local adaptation to the environment can generate phenotypic clines, other nonadaptive processes may also. If local adaptation causes phenotypic clines, then the direction of genotypic selection on traits should shift from one end of the cline to the other. Traditionally genotypic selection on non-Gaussian traits like germination rate have been hampered because it is challenging to measure their genetic variance.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong> Here we used quantitative genetics and reciprocal transplants to test whether a previously discovered cline in germination rate showed additional signatures of adaptation in the scarlet monkeyflower (<em>Mimulus cardinalis</em>). We measured genotypic and population level covariation between germination rate and early survival, a component of fitness. We developed a novel discrete log-normal model to estimate genetic variance in germination rate.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong> Contrary to our adaptive hypothesis, we found no evidence that genetic variation in germination rate contributed to variation in early survival. Across populations, southern populations in both gardens germinated earlier and survived more. </p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong> Southern populations have higher early survival but this is not caused by faster germination. This pattern is consistent with nonadaptive forces driving the phenotypic cline in germination rate, but future work will need to assess whether there is selection at other life stages. This statistical framework should help expand quantitative genetic analyses for other waiting-time traits.</p>
Gladiolus cardinalis Curtis (BR0000020357078)
Belgium Herbarium image of <a href="https://www.plantentuinmeise.be">Meise Botanic Garden</a>.
Lobelia cardinalis (Campanulaceae) - whole plant - in flower - general view
Image of Lobelia cardinalis (Campanulaceae) - whole plant - in flower - general view
Lobelia cardinalis (Campanulaceae) - stem - showing leaf bases
Image of Lobelia cardinalis (Campanulaceae) - stem - showing leaf bases
Lobelia cardinalis (Campanulaceae) - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Image of Lobelia cardinalis (Campanulaceae) - leaf - basal or on lower stem
Lobelia cardinalis (Campanulaceae) - inflorescence - frontal view of flower
Image of Lobelia cardinalis (Campanulaceae) - inflorescence - frontal view of flower
Lobelia cardinalis (Campanulaceae) - inflorescence - whole - unspecified
Image of Lobelia cardinalis (Campanulaceae) - inflorescence - whole - unspecified
Linked collectors and determiners for: Revision of the Barsine cardinalis - anomala ' species-complex' (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Revision of the Barsine cardinalis - anomala ' species-complex' (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/250c58c3-22d9-4da3-a75b-35d77afd4105">https://bionomia.net/dataset/250c58c3-22d9-4da3-a75b-35d77afd4105</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/250c58c3-22d9-4da3-a75b-35d77afd4105">https://gbif.org/dataset/250c58c3-22d9-4da3-a75b-35d77afd4105</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Figure 2. A in Rodolia cardinalis (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a new predator of Crypticerya multicicatrices Kondo and Unruh (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae)
Figure 2. A. Larva of Rodolia cardinalis on ovisac of Crypticeria multicicatrices. B. Larva of R. cardinalis feeding on C. multicicatrices nymph. C. Adult of R. cardinalis next to a third-instar nymph of C. multicicatrices. D. Adult R. cardinalis feeding on nymph of C. multicicatrices.
Figure 1. A. Anovia punica. Bluish-dark specimen from Cali. B in Rodolia cardinalis (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a new predator of Crypticerya multicicatrices Kondo and Unruh (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae)
Figure 1. A. Anovia punica. Bluish-dark specimen from Cali. B. Rodolia cardinalis, with typical patterns. Photos by C. Pinchao.
Genotype, phenotype and linkage data for Mimulus parishii x M. cardinalis hybrid incompatibility study
<p>The evolution of genomic incompatibilities causing postzygotic barriers to hybridization is a key step in species divergence. Incompatibilities take two general forms – structural divergence between chromosomes leading to severe hybrid sterility in F<sub>1</sub> hybrids and epistatic interactions between genes causing reduced fitness of hybrid gametes or zygotes (Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities). Despite substantial recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary origins of both types of incompatibility, how each behaves across multiple generations of hybridization remains relatively unexplored. Here, we use genetic mapping in F<sub>2</sub> and RIL hybrid populations between the phenotypically divergent but naturally hybridizing monkeyflowers <em>Mimulus cardinalis</em> and <em>M. parishii</em> to characterize the genetic basis of hybrid incompatibility and examine its changing effects over multiple generations of experimental hybridization. In F<sub>2</sub>s, we found severe hybrid pollen inviability (< 50% reduction vs. parental genotypes) and pseudolinkage caused by a reciprocal translocation between Chromosomes 6 and 7 in the parental species. RILs retained excess heterozygosity around the translocation breakpoints, which caused substantial pollen inviability when interstitial crossovers had not created compatible heterokaryotypic configurations. Strong transmission ratio distortion and inter-chromosomal linkage disequilibrium in both F<sub>2</sub>s and RILs identified a novel two-locus genic incompatibility causing sex-independent gametophytic (haploid) lethality. The latter interaction eliminated three of the expected nine F<sub>2</sub> genotypic classes via F<sub>1</sub> gamete loss without detectable effects on the pollen number or viability of F<sub>2</sub> double heterozygotes. Along with the mapping of numerous milder incompatibilities, these key findings illuminate the complex genetics of plant hybrid breakdown and are an important step toward understanding the genomic consequences of natural hybridization in this model system.</p>
Data from: Selection on early survival does not explain germination rate clines in Mimulus cardinalis
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Floral phenotype data from Mimulus parishii x M. cardinalis hybrids
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Genotype, phenotype and linkage data for Mimulus parishii x M. cardinalis hybrid incompatibility study
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Data from: Testing range-limit hypotheses using range-wide habitat suitability and occupancy for the scarlet monkeyflower (Erythranthe cardinalis)
Determining the causes of geographic range limits is a fundamental problem in ecology, evolution, and conservation biology. Range limits arise due to fitness and dispersal limitation, which yield contrasting predictions about habitat suitability and occupancy of suitable habitat across geographic ranges. If a range edge is limited primarily by fitness, occupancy of suitable habitat should be high, habitat suitability should decline towards the edge, and no suitable habitat should exist beyond it. In contrast, a range edge limited primarily by dispersal should have unoccupied but suitable habitat at and beyond the edge. We built ecological niche models relating occurrence records for the scarlet monkeyflower (Erythranthe cardinalis) to climatic variables, and applied these models to independent data from systematic, range-wide surveys of presence and absence to estimate the availability and occupancy of climatically suitable habitat. We found that fitness limitation predominated over dispersal limitation, but dispersal limitation also played a role at the poleward edge. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that dispersal limitation is more important along shallow environmental gradients and also suggest that synergy between dispersal and fitness limitation can contribute to colonization failure. The framework used here is validated by independent data and could be readily applied to inferring causes of range limits in many other species.
Cardinalis cardinalis (Cardinalidae) - whole organism
Image of Cardinalis cardinalis (Cardinalidae) - whole organism
Cardinalis cardinalis (Cardinalidae) - whole organism
Image of Cardinalis cardinalis (Cardinalidae) - whole organism
Lobelia cardinalis (Campanulaceae) - whole plant - in flower - general view
Image of Lobelia cardinalis (Campanulaceae) - whole plant - in flower - general view
Mimulus cardinalis plasticity analyses and R scripts for: Spatial variation in high temperature-regulated gene expression predicts evolution of plasticity with climate change in the scarlet monkeyflower
<p>A major way that organisms can adapt to changing environmental conditions is by evolving increased or decreased phenotypic plasticity. In the face of current global warming, more attention is being paid to the role of plasticity in maintaining fitness as abiotic conditions change over time. However, given that temporal data can be challenging to acquire, a major question is whether evolution in plasticity across space can predict adaptive plasticity across time. In growth chambers simulating two thermal regimes, we generated transcriptome data for western North American scarlet monkeyflowers (<i>Mimulus cardinalis</i>) collected from different latitudes and years (2010 and 2017) to test hypotheses about how plasticity in gene expression is responding to increases in temperature, and if this pattern is consistent across time and space. Supporting the genetic compensation hypothesis, individuals whose progenitors were collected from the warmer-origin northern 2017 descendant cohort showed lower thermal plasticity in gene expression than their cooler-origin northern 2010 ancestors. This was largely due to a change in response at the warmer (40ºC) rather than cooler (20ºC) treatment. A similar pattern of reduced plasticity, largely due to a change in response at 40ºC, was also found for the cooler-origin northern versus the warmer-origin southern population from 2017. Our results demonstrate that reduced phenotypic plasticity can evolve with warming and that spatial and temporal changes in plasticity predict one another.</p>
Quantitative trait locus mapping reveals an independent genetic basis for joint divergence in leaf function, life-history, and floral traits between scarlet monkeyflower (Mimulus cardinalis) populations
<p><b>PREMISE </b></p> <p>Across taxa, vegetative and floral traits that vary along a fast-slow life-history axis are often correlated with leaf functional traits arrayed along the leaf economics spectrum, suggesting a constrained set of adaptive trait combinations. Such broad-scale convergence may arise from genetic constraints imposed by pleiotropy (or tight linkage) within species, or from natural selection alone. Understanding the genetic basis of trait syndromes and their components is key to distinguishing these alternatives and predicting evolution in novel environments.</p> <p><b>METHODS </b></p> <p>We used a line-cross approach and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to characterize the genetic basis of twenty leaf functional/physiological, life history, and floral traits in hybrids between annualized and perennial populations of scarlet monkeyflower (<i>Mimulus cardinalis</i>).</p> <p><b>RESULTS </b></p> <p>We mapped both single and multi-trait QTLs for life history, leaf function and reproductive traits, but found no evidence of genetic co-ordination across categories. A major QTL for three leaf functional traits (thickness, photosynthetic rate, and stomatal resistance) suggests that a simple shift in leaf anatomy may be key to adaptation to seasonally dry habitats.</p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS </b></p> <p>Our results suggest that the co-ordination of resource-acquisitive leaf physiological traits with a fast life history and more selfing mating system results from environmental selection rather than functional or genetic constraint. Independent assortment of distinct trait modules, as well as a simple genetic basis to leaf physiological traits associated with drought escape, may facilitate adaptation to changing climates. </p>
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