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82 results for “Caryophyllales”
Fig. 2 in Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species
Fig. 2. Nepenthes kitanglad sp. nov. A. Habit, climbing stem with upper pitcher (from herbarium specimen). B. Upper pitcher (from live plant). C. Lower pitcher. D. Indumentum from leaf margin. E. Indumentum from tendril. F. Indumentum from stem (extremely sparse hairs). G. Indumentum of outer pitcher surface, plan view. H. Ibid., profile view. I. Lower surface of lid (upper pitcher). J. Detail of glands from lower surface of lid. K. Spur of upper pitcher. L. Peristome, upper pitcher, view from above. M. Peristome, view from inside of pitcher, showing minute teeth. N. Peristome, transverse section (outer surface on right). A, D–N from Gaerlan et al. in PPI 3274 (BISH); B from McPherson (2009: Fig 417); C from Gaerlan et al. in PPI 3274 (BRIT). Scale bars: double = 1 cm; double graduated = 5 cm; single = 1 mm; single graduated = 2 mm. All drawn by Andrew Brown.
Fig. 1 in Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species
Fig. 1. Nepenthes kurata sp. nov. A. Habit, climbing stem with upper pitcher. B. Indumentum of midrib, lower surface of leaf-blade. C. Indumentum of tendril. D. Indumentum of outer pitcher surface. E. Lid, lower surface, showing nectar gland distribution on right (upper pitcher). F–G. Profiles of basal lid ridges, without appendage (F), with appendage weakly developed (G), and moderately developed (H). I Spur of intermediate pitcher. J. Longitudinally elliptic nectar glands of lid midline. K. Orbicular nectar glands of lid, outside the midline. L. Peristome from above, short teeth and holes discernible. M. Peristome viewed from inside pitcher. N. Peristome transverse section, outer surface to right. A–E, J & K from Gaerlan et al. PPI 10911; F–I, L–N from Mearns & Hutchinson 4632. Scale bars: single = 1 mm; graduated single = 2 mm; double = 1 cm; graduated double = 5 cm. All drawn by Andrew Brown.
Fig. 4 in Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species
Fig. 4. Nepenthes leyte sp. nov. A. Habit, climbing stem with upper pitchers. B. Stem section showing axillary hair patch and supra-axillary bud. C. Lower surface of leaf-blade, with sessile glands. D. Midrib of leaf-blade, lower surface, stellate to simple hairs. E. Midrib of leaf-blade, upper surface with stellate hairs. F. Upper lid of pitcher, upper surface. G. Indumentum of upper surface of lid, over nerve. H. As G but distant from nerve. I. Spur of upper pitcher and junction of lid with peristome (inverted). J. Lid of upper pitcher, lower surface. K. Detail of J showing large nectar glands. L. Detail of J showing midline ridge with appendage and type (1) nectar glands. M. Indumentum of outer pitcher surface. N. Peristome of upper pitcher viewed from above. O. Peristome viewed from inside pitcher. P. Peristome dissected to expose the inner edge, with teeth. Q. Peristome, transverse section (outer surface on right). All drawn from Argent et al. 99214 by Andrew Brown.
Fig. 3 in Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species
Fig. 3. Nepenthes extincta sp. nov. A. Habit, showing intermediate pitcher. B. Indumentum, lower surface of blade (midrib on left). C. Branched bristle hairs (detail from lower surface of blade). D. Stellate hairs and sessile glands (detail from lower surface of blade). E. Branched erect hairs (detail from lower surface of blade). F. Stellate hairs, with appressed arms, leaf-blade lower surface, near midrib. G. Upper part of intermediate pitcher, lid posture as in life. H. Lower surface of upper pitcher lid. I. Basal lid appendage and spur. J. Basal lid appendage and ridge, side view. K-M. Details of nectar glands, lower lid surface. N. Indumentum, outer surface of pitcher. O. Peristome, view from inside pitcher showing minute teeth and holes at edge. P. Peristome, view from above. Q. Transverse section of peristome (outer surface on right). A–F & H–Q from Konta 12365, G from sketch by M. Cheek. Scale bars: double, graduated = 5 cm; single = 1 mm; single graduated = 2 or 3 mm as indicated. All drawn by Andrew Brown.
Traditional medicinal use is linked with apparency, not specialized metabolite profiles in the order Caryophyllales
<p>A better understanding of the relationship between plant specialized metabolism and traditional medicine has the potential to aid in bioprospecting and untangling of cross-cultural use patterns. However, given the limited information available for metabolites in most plant species, understanding medicinal use-metabolite relationships can be difficult. The order Caryophyllales has a unique pattern of lineages of tyrosine- or phenylalanine-dominated specialized metabolism, represented by mutually exclusive anthocyanin and betalain pigments, making Caryophyllales a compelling system to explore the relationship between medicine and metabolites by using pigment as a proxy for tyrosine- vs phenylalanine-dominant metabolism. We compiled a list of medicinal species in select tyrosine- or phenylalanine-dominant families of Caryophyllales (Nepenthaceae, Polygonaceae, Simmondsiaceae, Microteaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Amaranthaceae, Limeaceae, Molluginaceae, Portulacaceae, Cactaceae, and Nyctaginaceae) by searching scientific literature until no new medicinal uses were recovered. We then tested for phylogenetic clustering of uses using a "hot nodes" approach. To test potential non-metabolite drivers of medicinal use, like how often humans encounter a species (apparency), we repeated the analysis using only North American species across the entire order and performed phylogenetic generalized least squares regression (PGLS) with occurrence data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). We hypothesized families with tyrosine-enriched metabolism would show clustering of different types of medicinal use compared to phenylalanine-enriched metabolism. Instead, wide-ranging, apparent clades in Polygonaceae and Amaranthaceae are overrepresented across nearly all types of medicinal use. Our results suggest that apparency is a better predictor of medicinal use than metabolite profile, although metabolism type may still be a contributing factor.</p>
Fig. 1. Cylindrocopturus species associated with Opuntia. A in Cylindrocopturus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae) species associated with Opuntia (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae) species
Fig. 1. Cylindrocopturus species associated with Opuntia. A) Cylindrocopturus biradiatus, lateral view; B) C. biradiatus, dorsal view; C) C. ganglbaueri, lateral view; D) C. ganglbaueri, dorsal view; E) C. biradiatus, aedeagus; F) C. ganglbaueri, aedeagus.
Figuras 1a-f in Hábitos polinívoros y florívoros de Latiblattella tarasca (Saussure, 1862) (Blattodea: Pseudophyllodromidae) en cuatro especies del género Opuntia Mill., 1754 (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae), en una porción del semidesierto de Querétaro, México
Figuras 1a-f. Latiblattella tarasca (Saussure). (a-c) Holotipo hembra (MHNG). (a) Vista dorsal. (b) Detalle del rostro. (c) Detalle del abdomen en vista dorsal. (d-e) Ejemplar hembra (JBRC). (d) Vista dorsal. (e) Detalle de la parte anterior, mostrando trazas de polen (flechas rojas). Barra de escala a-e: 2 mm. / (a-c) Female holotype (MHNG). (a) Dorsal view. (b) Rostrum detail. (c) Detail of the abdomen in dorsal view. (d-e) Female specimen (JBRC). (d) Dorsal view. (e) Detail of the fore part, showing traces of pollen (red arrows). Scale bar a-e: 2 mm.
Figura 3 in Hábitos polinívoros y florívoros de Latiblattella tarasca (Saussure, 1862) (Blattodea: Pseudophyllodromidae) en cuatro especies del género Opuntia Mill., 1754 (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae), en una porción del semidesierto de Querétaro, México
Figura 3. Número de individuos de L. tarasca en cuatro especies de Opuntia, JBRC (abril de 2018). / Number of individuals of L. tarasca in four Opuntia species, JBRC (April 2018).
Figuras 2a-e in Hábitos polinívoros y florívoros de Latiblattella tarasca (Saussure, 1862) (Blattodea: Pseudophyllodromidae) en cuatro especies del género Opuntia Mill., 1754 (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae), en una porción del semidesierto de Querétaro, México
Figuras 2a-e. Latiblattella tarasca (Saussure), en Opuntia spp. (a-b) Individuos sobre las flores cerradas (post-antesis) de Opuntia cantabrigiensis. (c) En segmentos del perianto y anteras de una flor seca de O. cantabrigiensis (abril de 2018). (d) Corte trasversal realizado en un cladodio de O. cantabrigiensis en estado de descomposición. (e) Ejemplar de L. tarasca encontrado dentro de un cladodio (flecha roja). JBRC (abril de 2018). / Latiblattella tarasca (Saussure) in Opuntia spp. (a-b) Perched on closed flowers (post-anthesis) of Opuntia cantabrigiensis. (c) In segments of the perianth and anthers of a dried flower of O. cantabrigiensis (April 2018). (d) Transverse cut made in a cladode of O. cantabrigiensis in a state of decomposition. (e) Specimen of L. tarasca found inside a cladode (red arrow). JBRC (April 2018).
Fig. 7 in A study of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in its native range: further insights into life cycle, larval identification, developmental parameters, natural enemies, and damage to the host plant Opuntia ficus-indica (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae)
Fig. 7. Comparison of 3 characteristic forms of damage: (a) hole and feces coming from inside the pad, useful to distinguish pads with Cactoblastis cactorum; (b) typical damage observed in plants that were attacked by C. cactorum; (c) circular black spot fungal damage; (d) map black spot fungal damage.
Fig. 6 in A study of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in its native range: further insights into life cycle, larval identification, developmental parameters, natural enemies, and damage to the host plant Opuntia ficus-indica (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae)
Fig. 6. Proportion of Cactoblastis cactorum infected cladodes parasitized by Apanteles opuntiarum and proportion per cladode of C. cactorum larvae parasitized by A. opuntiarum throughout the yr for sites from Santiago del Estero, Córdoba, and Tucumán provinces. The average and standard deviation of the number of pupae of A. opuntiarum per C. cactorum larvae also is shown.
Fig. 2 in A study of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in its native range: further insights into life cycle, larval identification, developmental parameters, natural enemies, and damage to the host plant Opuntia ficus-indica (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae)
Fig. 2. Description of spots and setae from larval I to VI, shown in the pro- and meso-thoracic segment, and the seventh and anal abdominal segments: D1–2: dorsal setae; SD1–2: subdorsal setae; XD1–2: prothoracic setae; L1–3: lateral setae; SV1–2: subventral setae; PP1: posterior setae; spot "k" in prothorax, "h" in mesothorax, "a" and "c" in the seventh abdominal segment, and anal shield in the tenth and last abdominal segment.
Fig. 5 in A study of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in its native range: further insights into life cycle, larval identification, developmental parameters, natural enemies, and damage to the host plant Opuntia ficus-indica (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae)
Fig. 5. Number of larvae of Cactoblastis cactorum per mo from all sites of Tucumán and the proportion of those that were parasitized by Apanteles.
Fig. 1 in A study of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in its native range: further insights into life cycle, larval identification, developmental parameters, natural enemies, and damage to the host plant Opuntia ficus-indica (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae)
Fig. 1. (a) An eggstick oviposited on a pad of Opuntia ficus indica; (b) Anterior part of the larva exhibiting the cephalic capsule and prothorax starting to sclerotize; (c) Larva II has a dark shield on the prothorax and small macula at the base of each setae in the abdomen; (d) Larva III with bigger maculae with alternating color intensity on successive segments; (e) Larva IV with a white line between the head capsule and prothorax shield; (f) Larva V characterized by almost continuous black rings on the abdomen on an orange-brownish back- ground; (g) Typical bright orange larval VI with the prothorax shield fractured in 2 and apparently continuous black rings; (h) pupa within silk cocoon and naked pupa; Cactoblastis cactorum females (lef) and males (right); females have longer palps (i) than males (j). Both genders are characterized by a transverse line in the distal part of the wings (k, l).
Fig. 3 in A study of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in its native range: further insights into life cycle, larval identification, developmental parameters, natural enemies, and damage to the host plant Opuntia ficus-indica (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae)
Fig. 3. Proportion of individuals of different developmental stages of Cactoblastis cactorum in Tucumán throughout the year. Inside the bars: E = eggsticks, L = larvae, P = pupae.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Colección de Bruniales, Buxales, Canellales y Caryophyllales del Museo Botánico CORD - IMBIV.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Colección de Bruniales, Buxales, Canellales y Caryophyllales del Museo Botánico CORD - IMBIV". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/dba33190-d892-4d2f-8508-36f0fc72dc94">https://bionomia.net/dataset/dba33190-d892-4d2f-8508-36f0fc72dc94</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/dba33190-d892-4d2f-8508-36f0fc72dc94">https://gbif.org/dataset/dba33190-d892-4d2f-8508-36f0fc72dc94</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Pollen characters and DNA sequence data converge on a monophyletic genus Iresine (Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllales) and help to elucidate its species diversity.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Pollen characters and DNA sequence data converge on a monophyletic genus Iresine (Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllales) and help to elucidate its species diversity". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/a2afe874-9ec7-4101-8f63-da98506a340b">https://bionomia.net/dataset/a2afe874-9ec7-4101-8f63-da98506a340b</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/a2afe874-9ec7-4101-8f63-da98506a340b">https://gbif.org/dataset/a2afe874-9ec7-4101-8f63-da98506a340b</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Traditional medicinal use is linked with apparency, not specialized metabolite profiles in the order Caryophyllales
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Improved transcriptome sampling pinpoints 26 ancient and more recent polyploidy events in Caryophyllales, including two allopolyploidy events
• Studies of the macroevolutionary legacy of polyploidy are limited by an incomplete sampling of these events across the tree of life. To better locate and understand these events, we need comprehensive taxonomic sampling as well as homology inference methods that accurately reconstruct the frequency and location of gene duplications. • We assembled a dataset of transcriptomes and genomes from 169 species in Caryophyllales, of which 43 were newly generated for this study, representing one of the densest sampled genomic-scale datasets available. We carried out phylogenomic analyses using a modified phylome strategy to reconstruct the species tree. We mapped phylogenetic distribution of polyploidy events by both tree-based and distance-based methods, and explicitly tested scenarios for allopolyploidy. • We identified twenty-six ancient and more recent polyploidy events distributed throughout Caryophyllales. Two of these events were inferred to be allopolyploidy. • Through dense phylogenomic sampling, we show the propensity of polyploidy throughout the evolutionary history of Caryophyllales. We also provide a framework for utilizing transcriptome data to detect allopolyploidy, which is important as it may have different macro-evolutionary implications compared to autopolyploidy.
Data from: Targeted enrichment of large gene families for phylogenetic inference: phylogeny and molecular evolution of photosynthesis genes in the Portullugo clade (Caryophyllales)
Hybrid enrichment is an increasingly popular approach for obtaining hundreds of loci for phylogenetic analysis across many taxa quickly and cheaply. The genes targeted for sequencing are typically single-copy loci, which facilitate a more straightforward sequence assembly and homology assignment process. However, this approach limits the inclusion of most genes of functional interest, which often belong to multi-gene families. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of including large gene families in hybrid enrichment protocols for phylogeny reconstruction and subsequent analyses of molecular evolution, using a new set of bait sequences designed for the "portullugo" (Caryophyllales), a moderately sized lineage of flowering plants (∼2200 species) that includes the cacti and harbors many evolutionary transitions to C4 and CAM photosynthesis. Including multi-gene families allowed us to simultaneously infer a robust phylogeny and construct a dense sampling of sequences for a major enzyme of C4 and CAM photosynthesis, which revealed the accumulation of adaptive amino acid substitutions associated with C4 and CAM origins in particular paralogs. Our final set of matrices for phylogenetic analyses included 75–218 loci across 74 taxa, with ∼50% matrix completeness across datasets. Phylogenetic resolution was greatly improved across the tree, at both shallow and deep levels. Concatenation and coalescent-based approaches both resolve the sister lineage of the cacti with strong support: Anacampserotaceae + Portulacaceae, two lineages of mostly diminutive succulent herbs of warm, arid regions. In spite of this congruence, BUCKy concordance analyses demonstrated strong and conflicting signals across gene trees. Our results add to the growing number of examples illustrating the complexity of phylogenetic signals in genomic-scale data.
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