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272 results for “Central Andes”
Drivers of plant diversity, community composition, functional traits and soil processes along an alpine gradient in the central Chilean Andes
<p>The datasets in this repository include plant community surveys, hyperspectral reflectance data at the leaf and canopy level, leaf trait data, and soil chemistry data collected at five sites along an elevation gradient of 2400m-3500m in the Chilean Andes (33°S, 70°W). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the environmental drivers of community assembly processes along the elevation gradient.</p>
Figura 3. a in Nuevos registros de Pimelodella laticeps Eigenmann, 1917 (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae) y ampliación de su distribución occidental hacia los Andes Centrales de Argentina
Figura 3. a) Mapa de Argentina con la distribución de la especie Pimelodella laticeps (Tomado de Liotta (2005)), b) Mapa hidrográfico de la Provincia de San Juan: se indica el registro previo de Pimelodella laticeps y los nuevos puntos de muestreos en los que se registró la especie.
Figura 2 in Nuevos registros de Pimelodella laticeps Eigenmann, 1917 (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae) y ampliación de su distribución occidental hacia los Andes Centrales de Argentina
Figura 2. Imagen de la especie Pimelodella laticeps (ejemplar conservado), a) vista dorsal, b) vista lateral izquierda. Ejemplar (UNSJ-P1042; 65.98 mm) depositado en la colección científica DIBIOVA.
Figura 1 in Nuevos registros de Pimelodella laticeps Eigenmann, 1917 (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae) y ampliación de su distribución occidental hacia los Andes Centrales de Argentina
Figura 1. Imagen de la especie Pimelodella laticeps (UNSJ-P1043; 55.41mm LS). Figure 1. Image of the species Pimelodella laticeps (UNSJ-P1043; 55.41mm LS).
Figure 3 in A new species of the Liolaemus nigroviridis group from the Andes of Central Chile (Iguania: Liolaemidae)
Figure 3. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) plots of the species of the L. nigroviridis group, performed with the snout-vent length as a variable. On the left panels, the individuals are colored according to their species as shown on the legend on the top left corner. Ellipses represent the 95% confidence interval around the centroid for each species. On each axis, the PC is labeled according to its number and the percentage of the total variance that PC explains. On the right, the variable graphs, which illustrate the contribution of each variable to the construction of the axes.
Figure 6 in A new species of the Liolaemus nigroviridis group from the Andes of Central Chile (Iguania: Liolaemidae)
Figure 6. Distributional map for Liolaemus nigrodorsum sp. nov. along with the species of the L. nigroviridis group following the most recent phylogenetic studies (Torres–Pérez et al., 2017; Esquerré et al., 2022). Liolaemus campanae: Blue circles (1 = La Campana, 2 = El Roble, 3 = Chicauma). Liolaemus fuscus: Black circles (1 = Los Molles, 2 = Altos de Jahuel, 3 = La Campana, 4 = El Roble, 5 = Cerro Blanco, 6 = Chicauma, 7 = Farellones, 8 = Quebra de la Plata, 9 = Quebrade de Macul, 10 = San Luis de Macul). Liolaemus nigrodorsum sp. nov: Red circle (El Arpa, type locality) and question mark (Laguna Chepical, possible record). Liolaemus nigroviridis: Green circles (1 = Cerro Conchali, 2 = Farellones, 3 = Lagunillas, 4 = El Yeso). Liolaemus uniformis: pink circle (Laguna Chepical). Liolaemus sp. Cantillana: Yellow circle (Altos de Cantillana).
Figure 2 in A new species of the Liolaemus nigroviridis group from the Andes of Central Chile (Iguania: Liolaemidae)
Figure 2. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) plots of the species of the L. nigroviridis group, performed with the residuals of each character regressed on snout-vent length. On the left panels, the individuals are colored according to their species as shown on the legend on the top right corner. Ellipses represent the 95% confidence interval around the centroid for each species. On each axis, the PC is labeled according to its number and the percentage of the total variance that PC explains. On the right, the variable graphs, which illustrate the contribution of each variable to the construction of the axes.
Figure 5 in A new species of the Liolaemus nigroviridis group from the Andes of Central Chile (Iguania: Liolaemidae)
Figure 5. Species of the Liolaemus nigroviridis group. A) Male of L. campanae (photograph by S. Berhó Fuenzalida). B) Female of L. campanae (photograph by R. Arroyo Castro). C) and D) Males of L. fuscus (photographs by JTP). E) and F) Males of L. nigroviridis (photographs by JTP). G) Female of L. nigroviridis (photograph by JTP). H) and I) Male and female, respectively, of of L. uniformis (photographs by JTP).
Figure 4 in A new species of the Liolaemus nigroviridis group from the Andes of Central Chile (Iguania: Liolaemidae)
Figure 4. Liolaemus nigrodorsum sp. nov. A) and B) Holotype, male SSUC Re 787. C) and D) Paratype, female SSUC Re 792. E) SSUC Re 789 and F) SSUC Re 788, paratypes, males.
Figure 1 in A new species of the Liolaemus nigroviridis group from the Andes of Central Chile (Iguania: Liolaemidae)
Figure 1. Phylogenetic relationships of the species of the L. nigroviridis complex group, modified from Torres-Pérez et al. (2017), based on the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b, including the bootstrap values for maximum likelihood, the posterior probabilities for Bayesian inference and the number of haplotypes used for each terminal taxon. Liolaemus fuscus is added as the basal species of the group, following Schulte and Moreno-Roark (2010), Troncoso-Palacios et al. (2015) and Esquerré et al. (2022). Specific name L. nigroviridis is used only for the clade that contains the samples from near the type locality. The candidate species Liolaemus sp. Arpa is in red. Male dorsal pattern is compared.
Rain gauge data used in the study "Characteristics of Precipitation and Mesoscale Convective Systems over the Peruvian Central Andes in Multi 5-Year Convection-Permitting Simulations"
<p>The rain gauge data in Peru and Brazil used in the study,</p> <p>Yongjie Huang, Ming Xue, Xiao-Ming Hu, et al. Characteristics of Precipitation and Mesoscale Convective Systems over the Peruvian Central Andes in Multi 5-Year Convection-Permitting Simulations. <em>ESS Open Archive .</em> November 14, 2023.<br><span>DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.170000370.07634797/v1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.22541/essoar.170000370.07634797/v1</a></span></p> <p><span>The original data source:</span></p> <ul> <li>The rain gauge data in Peru are available at <a href="https://piscoprec.github.io/webPISCO/en/raingauges">https://piscoprec.github.io/webPISCO/en/raingauges</a> (last access: 18 July 2021).</li> <li>The rain gauge data in Brazil are available at <a href="https://bdmep.inmet.gov.br">https://bdmep.inmet.gov.br</a> (last access: 19 January 2023).</li> </ul>
Data from: Caught in the act: Incipient speciation at the southern limit of Viburnum in the Central Andes
<p>A fundamental objective of evolutionary biology is to understand the origin of independently evolving species. Phylogenetic studies of species radiations rarely are able to document ongoing speciation; instead, modes of speciation, entailing geographic separation and/or ecological differentiation, are posited retrospectively. The Oreinotinus clade of <em>Viburnum </em>has radiated recently from north to south through the cloud forests of Mexico and Central America to the Central Andes. Our analyses support a hypothesis of incipient speciation in Oreinotinus at the southern edge of its geographic range, from central Peru to northern Argentina. Although several species and infraspecific taxa of have been recognized in this area, multiple lines of evidence and analytical approaches (including analyses of phylogenetic relationships, genetic structure, leaf morphology, and climatic envelopes) favor the recognition of just a single species, V. seemenii. We show that what has previously been recognized as <em>V. seemenii </em>f. <em>minor </em>has recently occupied the drier Tucuman-Bolivian forest region from Samaipata in Bolivia to Salta in northern Argentina. Plants in these populations form a well-supported clade with a distinctive genetic signature and they have evolved smaller, narrower leaves. We interpret this as the beginning of a within-species divergence process that has elsewhere in the neotropics resulted repeatedly in Viburnum species with a particular set of leaf ecomorphs. Specifically, the southern populations are in the process of evolving the small, glabrous, and entire leaf ecomorph that has evolved in four other montane areas of endemism. As predicted based on our studies of leaf ecomorphs in Chiapas, Mexico, these southern populations experience generally drier conditions, with large diurnal temperature fluctuations. In a central portion of the range of <em>V. seemenii</em>, characterized by wetter climatic conditions, we also document what may be the initial differentiation of the leaf ecomorph with larger, pubescent, and toothy leaves. The emergence of these ecomorphs thus appears to be driven by adaptation to subtly different climatic conditions in separate geographic regions, as opposed to parapatric differentiation along elevational gradients as suggested by Viburnum species distributions in other parts of the neotropics.</p>
Figure 3. Daily temperature variation for a in On the oviposition of Homonota aff. darwinii in the Puna region of the Central Andes of Argentina
Figure 3. Daily temperature variation for a potential Homonota aff. darwinii nesting site. Average and standard errors are indicated.
Figure 1. Species and study area. A in On the oviposition of Homonota aff. darwinii in the Puna region of the Central Andes of Argentina
Figure 1. Species and study area. A) Homonota aff. darwinii adult in the Cordillera Frontal of the province of San Juan, Argentina. B) General view of the environment in which Homonota aff darwinii exists in the Puna region of the Central Andes of Argentina.
Fig. 1 in Infestation, histology, and molecular confirmation of Sarcoptes scabiei in an Andean porcupine (Coendou quichua) from the Central Andes of Colombia
Fig. 1. Coendou quichua with macroscopic lesions corresponding to hyperkeratosis and alopecia, which extend ventrally from the chest to the inguinal region and base of the tail, hyperkeratosis is also observed in the mandible and the fore and hind limbs up to the carpal and tarsal joints (A, B). Histopathological microphotographs of mangy skin of C. quichua, with the presence of tunnels with (black arrow heads) and without (white arrow heads) mites (Sarcoptes scabiei) in the stratum corneum (C) and skin with predominance of hyperkeratosis (hyp) and acanthosis (ac) (D). Light micrographs of: S. scabiei eggs (E). Dorsal view of a female with the presence of robust dorsal setae (ds), numerous and conspicuous triangular cuticular spines (cs) on its dorsal surface (F). Ventral view of a female with the presence of the legs short, with legs I and II bear a stalked empodium (e) that terminate in a broad pad, and the two hind pairs of legs (III and IV) terminate in long setae or bristles (s) (G). Ventral view of a male with the legs I, II and III bear a stalked empodium (e) that terminate in a broad pad and the last pair (IV) of legs terminate in long setae (s) (H). ch (chelicerae), p (pedipalps).
Fig. 2 in Infestation, histology, and molecular confirmation of Sarcoptes scabiei in an Andean porcupine (Coendou quichua) from the Central Andes of Colombia
Fig. 2. Histological microphotographs of the development of the mite S. scabiei in the skin of the porcupine C. quichua. Permanent burrows dug by fertilized adult females, with the presence of a developing egg and the shell of another hatched egg (A, B). Burrows with the presence of three eggshells (sh) and feces (fe), where between two and three eggs are laid daily (C). Developing eggs within burrows in the stratum corneum of the skin, which hatch approximately 3–4 days after oviposition (D–F). Developing larvae in the superficial layer of the skin (G, H). Nymph burrowing just below the skin surface to moult into an adult in 3–4 days (I). Side-axial view of an adult female specimen of S. scabiei in a tunnel in the superficial epidermis. The mites have a short and broad gnathosoma (gn), globose idiosoma, short and conical legs I and II, with a delicate chitinous coating (le). Structures associated with the female reproductive system, spermatheca (sp), ovarian nutrient cell (ONC) located inside the ovary (ov), vitellogenic oocyte (oc) in the oviduct (ovd), as well as chorional gland (chg) close to oviporus (op) are visible (J).
Linked collectors and determiners for: Illustrated review of the leaf-mining Nepticulidae of the central Andes (Peru and Bolivia).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Illustrated review of the leaf-mining Nepticulidae of the central Andes (Peru and Bolivia)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/90f99d44-c68c-4602-90f1-2802409db73d">https://bionomia.net/dataset/90f99d44-c68c-4602-90f1-2802409db73d</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/90f99d44-c68c-4602-90f1-2802409db73d">https://gbif.org/dataset/90f99d44-c68c-4602-90f1-2802409db73d</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Illustrated review of the leaf-mining Nepticulidae of the central Andes (Peru and Bolivia).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Illustrated review of the leaf-mining Nepticulidae of the central Andes (Peru and Bolivia)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/8f75cf6f-6fce-41d6-a734-21babf75b7db">https://bionomia.net/dataset/8f75cf6f-6fce-41d6-a734-21babf75b7db</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/8f75cf6f-6fce-41d6-a734-21babf75b7db">https://gbif.org/dataset/8f75cf6f-6fce-41d6-a734-21babf75b7db</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: A new species of iguanid lizard, genus Stenocercus (Squamata, Iguania), from the Central Andes in Peru.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "A new species of iguanid lizard, genus Stenocercus (Squamata, Iguania), from the Central Andes in Peru". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/11c5b7d5-9e78-4fca-a5a5-c3f733f35e07">https://bionomia.net/dataset/11c5b7d5-9e78-4fca-a5a5-c3f733f35e07</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/11c5b7d5-9e78-4fca-a5a5-c3f733f35e07">https://gbif.org/dataset/11c5b7d5-9e78-4fca-a5a5-c3f733f35e07</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Data from used in the manuscript: Manifestations of sulfuric acid speleogenesis in the Mulapampa travertine, Central Andes of Peru: evidence from the Gruta con Lago
<p><strong>Manuscript Abstract: </strong>Sulfuric acid speleogenesis (SAS) is a form of hypogene speleogenesis characterized by the formation of caves in carbonate rocks due to the presence of sulfuric acid. This study focuses on the Gruta con Lago, one of three caves identified in the Mulapampa travertine, located in the Central Andes of Peru. These caves are accessed through collapse sinkholes, and much of their morphology results from roof breakdown. The bottom of the studied cave is situated at the current water table. Despite the absence of typical solutional features associated with SAS caves, mineralogical and geochemical evidence of speleogenesis involving H2SO4 has been found in Gruta con Lago. Significant accumulations of gypsum deposits on the cave floor and replacement gypsum crusts on walls – both considered by-products of SAS – are present. Cave gypsum samples exhibit negative sulfur isotopic composition (ranging from -19.4 to -8.2‰) and oxygen (ranging from -9.0 to -1.3‰), which are indicative of sulfide (H2S) oxidation. This article discusses potential scenarios of SAS events in the evolution of hypogene karst in the Mulapampa travertine. It also considers the significance of the proximity of the active volcanoes of the Ampato-Sabancaya Volcanic Complex (ASVC) and seismogenic crustal faults in the formation of a thick travertine cover and the potential for SAS processes.</p> <p><strong>In this dataset, we make available supplementary information including 3 figures and 3 tables:</strong></p> <p><strong><span>Fig. S1.</span></strong><span> Gruta Campana. A – Bell-shaped collapse sinkhole; B – Steep passage to the bottom with sediments washed into the cave during heavy rain from surrounding farmland; C – Remnants of gypsum crust in a side passage. </span></p> <p><span><strong><span>Fig. S2.</span></strong><span> Gruta Lechuza. A – cave survey and its relationship to the whole collapse sinkhole; B – cave entrance and upper part of talus cone formed by collapsed blocks overgrown by plants; C – location of the cave entrance under the collapse sinkhole wall; D – steep floor of the cave formed by collapsed travertine blocks; E – the lowest part of the cone of collapsed blocks (ca. 75 m below the surface); E, F – cave bottom (ca. 85 m below surface) covered with clastic sediments washed from the surface and efflorescences of secondary sulfate minerals; G – cupolas on the cave roof in the lower part of the cave.</span></span></p> <p><span><span><strong><span>Fig. S3.</span></strong><span> Broken line graph of certain trace elements in </span>waters from the Gruta con Lago (C1/1 – C1/6) and from Huambo springs (H1, H2); <span>a logarithmic scale was used to present the values of trace elements</span>. </span></span></p> <p><span><span><strong><span>Table S1.</span></strong><span> Chemical and isotopic composition of water samples from Gruta con Lago and Huambo springs.</span></span></span></p> <p><strong><span>Table S2.</span></strong><span> Sulfur and oxygen isotopic composition of sulfur-containing minerals form the Gruta con Lago and sulfate ion in water from cave lake and </span><span>Manco Cápac spring</span><span>.</span></p> <p><span><strong><span>Table S3.</span></strong><span> Chosen ionic ratios in water samples from Gruta con Lago and Huambo springs.</span></span></p> <p> </p>
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