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Fig. 6 in A new minute species of Pristimantis (Amphibia: Anura: Craugastoridae) with a large head from the Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park in central Peru, with comments on the phylogenetic diversity of Pristimantis occurring in the Cordillera Yanachaga

Fig. 6. Paratypes of Pristimantis boucephalus sp. nov. in dorsal (upper row) and ventral (lower row) views. From left to right: ♀ (MUSM 24479), ♂ (MUSM 24477), ♂ (MUSM 24478), juvenile (MUSM 24474). Photos by E. Lehr.

Fig. 7 in A new minute species of Pristimantis (Amphibia: Anura: Craugastoridae) with a large head from the Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park in central Peru, with comments on the phylogenetic diversity of Pristimantis occurring in the Cordillera Yanachaga

Fig. 7. Type locality of Pristimantis boucephalus sp. nov. in the Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park. Photo by E. Lehr.

Fig. 4 in A new minute species of Pristimantis (Amphibia: Anura: Craugastoridae) with a large head from the Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park in central Peru, with comments on the phylogenetic diversity of Pristimantis occurring in the Cordillera Yanachaga

Fig. 4. Preserved holotype (MUSM 31102, SVL 14.1 mm) of Pristimantis boucephalus sp. nov. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. Photos by E. Lehr.

Fig. 5 in A new minute species of Pristimantis (Amphibia: Anura: Craugastoridae) with a large head from the Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park in central Peru, with comments on the phylogenetic diversity of Pristimantis occurring in the Cordillera Yanachaga

Fig. 5. Pristimantis boucephalus sp. nov., holotype (MUSM 31102). A. Dorsal view of head. B. Lateral view of head. C. Ventral view of hand. D. Ventral view of foot. Drawings by J. Moravec.

Fig. 3 in A new minute species of Pristimantis (Amphibia: Anura: Craugastoridae) with a large head from the Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park in central Peru, with comments on the phylogenetic diversity of Pristimantis occurring in the Cordillera Yanachaga

Fig. 3. Live holotype (MUSM 31102, SVL 14.1 mm) of Pristimantis boucephalus sp. nov. A. Dorsal view. B. Dorsolateral view. C. Ventral view. Photos by E. Lehr.

Figure 3 in A new species of Ananteris Thorell, 1891 from Cordillera Central in Colombia, with some notes on the taxonomy of the genus (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

Figure 3: Juvenile female paratype of Ananteris tolimana sp. n.: a) sternopectinal region, ventral view; b) sternites V–VI, ventral view; c) metasomal segments IV–V and telson, lateral view.

Figure 1 in A new species of Ananteris Thorell, 1891 from Cordillera Central in Colombia, with some notes on the taxonomy of the genus (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

Figure 1: Adult male holotype of Ananteris tolimana sp. n.: a) entire dorsal view; b) entire ventral view.

Figure 4 in A new species of Ananteris Thorell, 1891 from Cordillera Central in Colombia, with some notes on the taxonomy of the genus (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

Figure 4: Known geographical distribution of Colombian described species of the genus (modified from Lourenço, 1999, fig. 10, and Botero-Trujillo, 2007, fig. 1): Ananteris columbiana (1), A. ehrlichi (2), A. gorgonae (3), A. leilae (4), A. myriamae (5), and A. tolimana sp. n. (6).

Figure 2 in A new species of Ananteris Thorell, 1891 from Cordillera Central in Colombia, with some notes on the taxonomy of the genus (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

Figure 2: Adult male holotype of Ananteris tolimana sp. n.: a) prosoma, dorsal view; b) right pedipalp, dorsal view; c) sternopectinal region, ventral view; d) sternites IV–VI, ventral view; e) metasomal segments IV–V and telson, lateral view; f) telson, lateral view.

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Fig. 1 in A new minute species of Pristimantis (Amphibia: Anura: Craugastoridae) with a large head from the Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park in central Peru, with comments on the phylogenetic diversity of Pristimantis occurring in the Cordillera Yanachaga

Fig. 1. Map of Peru with the Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park indicated in red.

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Figure 5 in A new species of Ananteris Thorell, 1891 from Cordillera Central in Colombia, with some notes on the taxonomy of the genus (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

Figure 5: Type locality of Ananteris tolimana sp. n.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

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Data from: Thermal springs and active fault network of the central Colca River basin, Western Cordillera, Peru, published in Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

We used hydrogeochemical analysis of 35 water samples from springs and geysers, together with isotopic (δ18O and δD) analysis, chemical and mineral studies of precipitates collected in the field around these outflows, and field observations to study the thermal system of the Colca River basin in S Peru. We aimed to determine the geochemistry of thermal waters, identify fluid sources and their origin, estimate reservoir temperature, and discuss the regional tectonic and volcanic framework. Our findings presented in Tyc et al. (2022; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107513) corroborate a heterogeneous and complex geothermal system in the central region of the Colca River basin. This system exhibits contrasting hydrogeochemical and physical characteristics, variable isotope compositions, distinct reservoir temperatures, and associated precipitates near thermal springs. The control of water chemistry in this area is closely linked to the activity of the Ampato-Sabancaya magmatic chamber and the presence of tectonic structures, which enable intricate interactions between meteoric waters, magmatic fluids, and gases. Here, we present datasets used in the article (Tyc et al., 2022; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2022.107513), including: - Physicochemical characteristics of water samples collected by authors in the field in September 2012 and August–September 2017 (Table 1) - Chemical and isotopic composition of water samples collected by authors in the field in September 2012 and August–September 2017 (Table 2) and those monitored by INGEMMET in years 2013-2018 (Table 3) - Chosen molecular ratios discussed in Tyc et al., 2022 (Table 4) - Calculated reservoir temperature with the use of different Na/K geothermometers (Table 5) - Mineral phases in efflorescences precipitating at the water sampling sites (Table 6). Thirty-five sets of water samples were collected in the field in September 2012 and August–September 2017 using polyethylene bottles of high density (Table 1). Consequently, these were analyzed in the Water Analysis Laboratory at the University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland; Table 2). Water temperatures, pH, and electrical conductivity were measured in the field using portable pH meter CP-315 and conductivity meter CC-315, both with temperature sensors, with an accuracy of ±0.1 °C, ±0.01 pH, and ± 0.1% (up to 19.999 mS/cm) or ± 0.25% (above 20.00 mS/cm), respectively. Discharge of springs was estimated if possible (Table 1). Both cations and anions were analyzed by ion chromatography using Methron 850 Professional Ion Chromatograph with separate Metrosept C4–150 and A-supp 7–250 columns for cations and anions, respectively (Tables 2 and 4). Analysis of water analyses collected by INGEMMET in years 2013-2018 was performed at the INGEMMET Chemical Laboratory in Lima with the use of ion chromatography (Dionex ICS 5000) for the determination of anions and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) – VARIAN for cations (Table 3). Isotopic analyses (δ2H, δ18O) of 17 water samples collected in 2017 were performed at the Stable Isotope Laboratory Institute of Geological Sciences Polish Academy of Sciences (Table 2). The δ2H values of studied H2O were measured using the H-Device peripheral coupled to MAT 253 IRMS (Thermo Scientific) in a dual inlet system. For the determination of δ18O in H2O, an equilibration technique was used. The analysis used the GasBench II peripheral device (Thermo Scientific) coupled to MAT 253 IRMS with a continuous He flow. The AquaChem 4.0.284 software was used to evaluate the water samples' geochemical properties and calculate reservoir temperature for thermal waters (Table 5). Precipitates found at the water sampling sites were collected separately into plastic bags with strings and sealed boxes. These samples were subsequently analyzed at the Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice. The qualitative chemical composition and mineral characteristics were examined using a Philips XL 30 ESEM/TMP scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS; EDAX type Sapphire). The phase composition of the precipitates was determined through X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a Philips PW 3710 diffractometer. The XRD data were analyzed and interpreted using the X'Pert HIGHScore Plus software (Table 6).

FIGURE 5 in Out of the blue: A new rain frog species of the genus Pristimantis (Anura Craugastoridae) from the northern Cordillera Central in Colombia

FIGURE 5. Map showing the type locality of Pristimantis zorro sp. nov. and relatives. Pristimantis zorro sp. nov. (green dot) Antioquia, Colombia; P. pulchridormientes (blue dot) Huánuco, Perú; P. pluvialis (red dot) Cusco, Perú; Pristimantis olivaceus (CORBIDI 17473, orange dot) Cusco, Perú and Pristimantis sp (ROM 43978, purple dot) Potaro-Siparuni, Guyana.

FIGURE 4 in Out of the blue: A new rain frog species of the genus Pristimantis (Anura Craugastoridae) from the northern Cordillera Central in Colombia

FIGURE 4. Advertisement call of Pristimantis zorro sp. nov. (MHUA-A 8813, holotype). (A). Spectrogram; (B) Oscillogram; (C) Power spectrum. Photo by JMD.

FIGURE 1 in Out of the blue: A new rain frog species of the genus Pristimantis (Anura Craugastoridae) from the northern Cordillera Central in Colombia

FIGURE 1. (A) Maximum likelihood tree (-lnL=104073.3) depicting evolutionary relationships within Pristimantis inferred from a partitioned analysis using 4103 sites, four genomic regions, and 188 terminals. The complete tree is provided as appendix 1. (B) Uncorrected genetic distances between species most closely related to Pristimantis zorro sp. nov. Genetic distance given in percentage and based on 529 aligned sites of 16S. Colored terminals match colors in Figure 5 (Map).

FIGURE 6 in Out of the blue: A new rain frog species of the genus Pristimantis (Anura Craugastoridae) from the northern Cordillera Central in Colombia

FIGURE 6. Adult males of Pristimantis zorro sp. nov. and related species: (A) Pristimantis zorro sp. nov, paratype (MHUAA12093); (B) Pristimantis olivaceus ZFMK 67132, SVL 19.7 mm, paratype; (C) Pristimantis pluvialis CORBIDI 11862, SVL 20.5 mm, paratype; (D) Pristimantis pulchridormientes CORBIDI 15565, adult male. Photos: (A) MRC; (B) Jörn Köhler; (C) Alessandro Catenazzi; (D) Germán Chávez.

FIGURE 3 in Out of the blue: A new rain frog species of the genus Pristimantis (Anura Craugastoridae) from the northern Cordillera Central in Colombia

FIGURE 3. Paratype of Pristimantis zorro sp. nov. in preservative. MHUA-A 11165, SVL 20.1 mm, adult male. Photos by MRC.

FIGURE 2 in Out of the blue: A new rain frog species of the genus Pristimantis (Anura Craugastoridae) from the northern Cordillera Central in Colombia

FIGURE 2. Adult males of Pristimantis zorro sp. nov. in life: (A) MHUA-A 8813, SVL 20.1 mm, holotype; (B) MHUA-A 8814, SVL 20.5 mm, paratype; (C) MHUA-A 8815, SVL 20.3 mm, paratype, adult male; (D) MHUA-A 8816, SVL 19.5 mm, paratype; (E) MHUA-A 8817, SVL 21.5 mm, paratype; (F) MHUA-A 11165, SVL 20.1 mm, paratype; (G) MHUA-A 11166, SVL 21.3 mm, paratype; (H) MHUA-A 11167, SVL 20.8 mm, paratype. Photos by Adriana Restrepo, Carlos Marín and JMD.

opencc-zeroDec 2012View details →

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Data from: Evenness and diversity in Upper Cambrian – Lower Ordovician trilobite communities from the Central Andean Basin (Cordillera Oriental, Argentina)

Community evenness has recently received much attention, either because it is related to ecosystem functioning or because it may affect estimation of diversity. Temporal and environmental trends in diversity and evenness of trilobite communities during the Late Cambrian – Early Ordovician of the Cordillera Oriental (north-western Argentina) are here analysed. Richness and evenness increase through time in both deep subtidal (between fair-weather and storm wave base) and offshore (below storm wave base) communities. Two significant patterns are superimposed on this general trend: (1) the magnitude of the increase in evenness is much more pronounced in deep than in shallower settings, and (2) richness and evenness trajectories are decoupled (while a significant rise in evenness is recorded in the middle Tremadocian (Tr2), an increase in richness is delayed until the late Tremadocian (Tr3)). In contrast to expectations, a single family (Olenidae) is dominant in samples associated with this earlier rise in evenness relative to richness. Hence, this trend is explained neither by the number of families present in the communities nor by the familial identity of the most abundant taxon. Large-scale comparisons of the timing and geographical components of these trends are restricted to the patterns recognized in Laurentian North American studies. Results from the Cordillera Oriental mirror those of Laurentia regarding the rise in both metrics in deep marine settings. Nevertheless, the timing of this increase in richness and evenness is delayed in the Cordillera Oriental, supporting the idea that palaeogeographical regions differed in the nature and timing of ecological changes. Finally, the rise in trilobite alpha-diversity through the Late Cambrian – Early Ordovician of the Cordillera Oriental supports the idea that trilobite alpha-diversity did not decline worldwide, suggesting that the relative decline in trilobite alpha-diversity is most probably caused by the dilution effect.