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Figure 14 in Gonads and gametogenesis in Chaetodactylus osmiae (Acariformes: Astigmata: Chaetodactylidae) a parasite of solitary bees

Figure 14 Chaetodactylus osmiaefemale. TEM. Spermatozoa deposited in spermatheca. (A) Two spermatozoa, each with highly folded lamella (La), chromatin (Ch) and mitochondrial derivatives (md). (B) Spermatozoa similar to (A) in higher magnification. Note location of chromatin (Ch) within deep infolding of dense lamella (La). Variable structure of mitochondrial derivatives (md) is also evident. (C) schematic representation of sperm cell from female spermatheca. Scale bars: A,B – 2 μm, C – 5 μm. Other abbreviations: Ch – threads of chromatin; La – electron-dense lamella; md – mitochondrial derivatives.

Figure 13 in Gonads and gametogenesis in Chaetodactylus osmiae (Acariformes: Astigmata: Chaetodactylidae) a parasite of solitary bees

Figure 13 Chaetodactylus osmiaemale. TEM. (A) Late spermatid showing chromatin threads (Ch), dense lamella (La) and elaborate spongy body (SB). Small vesicles of mitochondrial derivatives (md) are present around the spongy body and along the dense lamella; however, larger and more electron-dense mitochondrial derivatives are also present (arrows). Anastomosing tubules of the spongy body are encircled

Figure 12 in Gonads and gametogenesis in Chaetodactylus osmiae (Acariformes: Astigmata: Chaetodactylidae) a parasite of solitary bees

Figure 12 Chaetodactylus osmiaemale. TEM. Two consecutive steps in spermiogenesis showing spermatid just after lamella (La) formation

Figure 11 in Gonads and gametogenesis in Chaetodactylus osmiae (Acariformes: Astigmata: Chaetodactylidae) a parasite of solitary bees

Figure 11 Chaetodactylus osmiaemale. TEM. (A) Advanced spermatocyte separated with stroma cell (SC) from neighboring spermatocytes. It shows a spongy layer (SpL) and empty spaces in peripheral cytoplasm in which many mitochondrial derivatives (md) are present. Nuage material (asterisks) surrounds the nucleus (n) containing a small, compact nucleolus (nu). (B) Spermatid in an early stage of spermiogenesis embedded in stroma cell (SC). The nucleus is no longer visible and chromatin (Ch) forms fine threads surrounded by foci of electron-dense material (white arrows). Mitochondrial derivatives are multiform, either large with meandering cristae (md) or small and vesicular (black arrow). (C

Figure 10 in Gonads and gametogenesis in Chaetodactylus osmiae (Acariformes: Astigmata: Chaetodactylidae) a parasite of solitary bees

Figure 10 Chaetodactylus osmiaemale. TEM. (A) Spermatocyte more advanced than those in Figure 9B, embedded in stroma cell (SC). Note thicker spongy layer (SpL) covering the cell surface, large nucleus (n) and nuage material (asterisks). Peripheral cytoplasm contains many mitochondrial derivatives (md): they are roundish and possess one circular crista. A Golgi body (Gb) is present under the spongy layer neighboring spermatocyte (right bottom). (B) Peripheral parts of two spermatocytes separated by a stroma cell (SC). Compare the thickness

Figure 9 in Gonads and gametogenesis in Chaetodactylus osmiae (Acariformes: Astigmata: Chaetodactylidae) a parasite of solitary bees

Figure 9 Chaetodactylus osmiaemale. TEM. (A) Closer view of developing spermatogonium surrounded by a stroma cell (SC). Nucleus (n is roundish and contains a prominent nucleolus (nu). There are a number of ribosomes in the cytoplasm, as well as dispersed mitochondria (m

Figure 8 in Gonads and gametogenesis in Chaetodactylus osmiae (Acariformes: Astigmata: Chaetodactylidae) a parasite of solitary bees

Figure 8 Chaetodactylus osmiaemale, two aspects (A,B) of germarium. TEM. (A) Early spermatogonia assembled in germarium adhere tightly to each other. They possess a large nucleus (n) with prominent, usually central nucleolus (nu) and mitochondria (m) dispersed in the cytoplasm. Nuage material (asterisks) is present in several sites around the nuclei. (B) Early spermatogonia in germarium show features as in (A), whereas developing spermatogonium separated from germarium (right upper corner) is larger, roundish and has a larger nucleus (n') with peripheral nucleolus (nu). Spaces between developing spermatogonium and germarium are filled with a somatic stroma cell (SC). Scale bars A – 2 μm, B – 5 μm.

Figure 7 in Gonads and gametogenesis in Chaetodactylus osmiae (Acariformes: Astigmata: Chaetodactylidae) a parasite of solitary bees

Figure 7 Light micrographs of cross sections through idiosoma of Chaetodactylus osmiaemale at levels as indicated in Figure 6. Outlines of testes are marked. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: IV – leg IV; asterisk – germarium; a – anal slit; AG – male accessory gland; col – postcolon; DE – ejaculatory duct; OG – opisthonotal gland; LVD – left deferent duct.

Figure 6 in Gonads and gametogenesis in Chaetodactylus osmiae (Acariformes: Astigmata: Chaetodactylidae) a parasite of solitary bees

Figure 6 Light microscopic images of Chaetodactylus osmiaemale. Male in ventral view (A) and the rear part of idiosoma (B). Scale bars:

Figure 4 in Gonads and gametogenesis in Chaetodactylus osmiae (Acariformes: Astigmata: Chaetodactylidae) a parasite of solitary bees

Figure 4 Chaetodactylus osmiaefemale. TEM. (A) Advanced previtellogenic oocyte showing nucleus (n) with nucleolus (nu). The nuclear envelope has concavities in sites rich in pores, with adhering nuage material (asterisk). Mitochondria (m) are grouped around the nucleus. Another oocyte sectioned tangentially (po) is also present. In the stroma cell (SC), an arrow marks a conspicuous ER cisterna. (B) Enlarged fragment of the oocyte marked in (A): note nucleus (n), a Golgi body (Gb), nuage (asterisks) and mitochondria (m). Note the different appearance of nuage material which is not granular as in the nutritive cell and early oocytes (compare with 2B and 3A-B).. (C) A gap between a nutritive

Figure 5 in Gonads and gametogenesis in Chaetodactylus osmiae (Acariformes: Astigmata: Chaetodactylidae) a parasite of solitary bees

Figure 5 Chaetodactylus osmiaefemale. TEM. (A) Vitellogenic oocyte in upper (forward-running) part of oviduct (Od), containing yolk spheres in subsequent stages of development (Y', Y'' and Y''') and lipid droplets (L) surrounded by glycogen. Lamellar vitelline envelope (VE) covers the surface of the oocyte. Inset: Higher magnification of vitelline envelope adhering to oviduct (Od). Vesicle delivering vitelline envelope material from Golgi body is indicated by an arrow. (B) More advanced vitellogenic oocyte covered with thin and homogeneous chorion (Ch) in the upper oviduct (Od). Yolk (Y) spheres of two types, larger and less dense and smaller and more dense, containing cristalline electron-lucid inclusions. Inset: Yolk sphere with electron-lucid inclusions and meandering structure (arrow). Scale bars: A,B – 5 μm, A inset

Figure 2 in Gonads and gametogenesis in Chaetodactylus osmiae (Acariformes: Astigmata: Chaetodactylidae) a parasite of solitary bees

Figure 2 Chaetodactylus osmiaefemale, two aspects (A,B) of nutritive ovarian cell. TEM. Sections through multilobular nucleus (n) containing large nucleoli (nu). Cytoplasm filled with ribosomes also contains lipid droplets (L), many lysosomes (Ly), groups of mitochondria (m) and small vesicular Golgi bodies (Gb). Granular nuage material (asterisk) is usually present in concavities of the nuclear envelope. Scale bars: A –

Figure 3 in Gonads and gametogenesis in Chaetodactylus osmiae (Acariformes: Astigmata: Chaetodactylidae) a parasite of solitary bees

Figure 3 Chaetodactylus osmiaefemale, two aspects (A, B) of the peripheral part of the nutritive ovarian cell. TEM. (A) Nutritive cell (NOC)

Figure 1 in Gonads and gametogenesis in Chaetodactylus osmiae (Acariformes: Astigmata: Chaetodactylidae) a parasite of solitary bees

Figure 1 Light microscopic images of a Chaetodactylus osmiaefemale. Female in dorsal view (A) and the rear part of the idiosoma (B) with marked position of ovaries (OV), nutritive ovarian cells (NOC), spermatheca (receptaculum seminis) (RS) and inseminatory canal (ic). C-F – Semithin cross sections of idiosoma marked approx. at levels on (A). Note the spherical shape of nutritive cells (NOC) and irregular, wrinkled outline of previtellogenic oocytes (po) (C, D). Early vitellogenic oocytes (vo') located in the backward running oviduct are spherical (D, E)

Figure 4 in Polymorphism in the deutonymph and adult of Sennertia alfkeni (Acari: Chaetodactylidae) associated with the large carpenter bee, Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Figure 4. Distribution of mite body lengths in randomly selected populations. (A) mites from OKBH01-0423-001, (B) from OKBH01-0514-001, (C) from the iso-female line of OKB03- 1300-016, and (D) from the iso-female line of OKB03-1300-037. White columns indicate the mites had Sennertia alfkeni morphology and black indicate they had S. japonica morphology.

Figure 1 in Polymorphism in the deutonymph and adult of Sennertia alfkeni (Acari: Chaetodactylidae) associated with the large carpenter bee, Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Figure 1. Schematic diagrams of a Sennertia mite for measurements. (A) body, (B) claw. We measured distance between arrow heads.

Figure 3 in Polymorphism in the deutonymph and adult of Sennertia alfkeni (Acari: Chaetodactylidae) associated with the large carpenter bee, Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Figure 3. Pretarsi on the first legs of a Sennertia alfkeni type mite (A) and of a S. japonica-type mite (B). There is a large projection directly under the claw indicated by arrow in the S. alfkeni mite, while there is no such structure in the S. japonica mite. The pictures were taken under a scanning electron microscope (KEYENCE, VE-8800, Japan).

Figure 9 in Polymorphism in the deutonymph and adult of Sennertia alfkeni (Acari: Chaetodactylidae) associated with the large carpenter bee, Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Figure 9. Sennertia alfkeni, adult female: (A) Leg I and tarsus I; (B) Leg II and tarsus II; (C) Leg III and tarsus III; (D) Leg IV and tarsus IV.

Figure 12 in Polymorphism in the deutonymph and adult of Sennertia alfkeni (Acari: Chaetodactylidae) associated with the large carpenter bee, Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Figure 12. The number of deutonymphs collected from wood particles swept out by tunnelling carpenter bees. Five host individuals were indicated with different legends (squares, circles, diamonds, triangles and cross). Mites were not collected from the particles by individuals indicated with the triangle and cross. Colour differences in the same legends (black and white) meant that the same individual tunnelled twice.

Figure 13 in Polymorphism in the deutonymph and adult of Sennertia alfkeni (Acari: Chaetodactylidae) associated with the large carpenter bee, Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Figure 13. The life cycles of the mite Sennertia alfkeni (black bars) and the carpenter bee Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans (white bars). E5egg; L5larva; P5pupa; PN5protonymph; DN5deutonymph; TN5tritonymph; A5adult.