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19 results for “Chaetognatha”
Figure 5 in Checklist of the phyla Platyhelminthes, Xenacoelomorpha, Nematoda, Acanthocephala, Myxozoa, Tardigrada, Cephalorhyncha, Nemertea, Echiura, Brachiopoda, Phoronida, Chaetognatha, and Chordata (Tunicata, Cephalochordata,
Figure 5. The distribution of the number of Appendicularia (Tunicata) species along the coasts of Turkey. Each grid has a dimension of 15 × 15 km.
Figure 2 in Checklist of the phyla Platyhelminthes, Xenacoelomorpha, Nematoda, Acanthocephala, Myxozoa, Tardigrada, Cephalorhyncha, Nemertea, Echiura, Brachiopoda, Phoronida, Chaetognatha, and Chordata (Tunicata, Cephalochordata,
Figure 2. The number of species of the phyla Platyhelminthes (PLA), Chordata (Tunicata, Cephalochordata, and Hemichordata) (CHO), Nemertea (NEM), Nematoda (NMT), Xenacoelomorpha (XEN), Chaetognatha (CHA), Acanthocephala (ACA), and others (OTH, including Echiura, Myxozoa, Brachiopoda, Cephalorhyncha, Tardigrada, and Phoronida) along the coasts of Turkey. ∑S indicates the total number of species.
Figure 1 in Evolutionary analyses of phylum Chaetognatha based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene
Figure 1. The Bayesian tree based on the analysis of COI gene sequences. The confidence values are presented on the nodes.
Figure 2 in Evolutionary analyses of phylum Chaetognatha based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene
Figure 2. The maximum likelihood tree based on the analysis of COI gene sequences. The confidence values are presented on the nodes.
FIGURE 4. Archeterokrohnia docrickettsae n in Archeterokrohnia docrickettsae (Chaetognatha: Phragmophora: Heterokrohniidae), a new species of deep-sea arrow worm from the Gulf of California
FIGURE 4. Archeterokrohnia docrickettsae n. sp., holotype. A, trace of corona ciliata. B, lateral fins. C, seminal vesicles and tail fin. Scale bars: 1 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Archeterokrohnia docrickettsae (Chaetognatha: Phragmophora: Heterokrohniidae), a new species of deep-sea arrow worm from the Gulf of California
FIGURE 3. Head of Archeterokrohnia docrickettsae n. sp., holotype. A, ventral view of living specimen with apical gland protruding from beneath the hood. B, ventral view of preserved specimen with teeth/hooks. Scale bars: 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: at, anterior teeth; h, edge of hood; pt, posterior teeth; vp, vestibular plate.
FIGURE 1. Archeterokrohnia docrickettsae n in Archeterokrohnia docrickettsae (Chaetognatha: Phragmophora: Heterokrohniidae), a new species of deep-sea arrow worm from the Gulf of California
FIGURE 1. Archeterokrohnia docrickettsae n. sp., holotype. A, lateral view, shortly after recovery aboard ship. B, dorsal view, shortly after recovery aboard ship. C, dorsal view, after 4 months preservation in 5% formalin/seawater. Total length (not including tail fin) 28.5 mm. Scale bar: 2 mm.
FIGURE 2. Archeterokrohnia docrickettsae n in Archeterokrohnia docrickettsae (Chaetognatha: Phragmophora: Heterokrohniidae), a new species of deep-sea arrow worm from the Gulf of California
FIGURE 2. Archeterokrohnia docrickettsae n. sp., holotype. A, ventral view. B, ventral ganglion, preserved specimen. Scale bars: 1 mm. Abbreviations: vg, ventral ganglion; ov, ovary; ag, accessory gland.
Figure 3 in A new deep-sea benthopelagic chaetognath of the genus Bathyspadella (Chaetognatha) with ecological and molecular phylogenetic remarks
Figure 3. Molecular phylogenetic trees of chaetognaths based on (A) nuclear 18S rRNA and (B) mitochondrial 16S rRNA. Scale is units of expected substitution per site. Support values on each clade are Bayesian posterior probabilities. Accession numbers: Aidanosagitta crassa, D14363; Eukrohnia hamata (E. bathypelagica), DQ351886; Eukrohnia fowleri, DQ351889; Eukrohnia hamata, DQ351887, AB617779; Flaccisagitta enflata, DQ351877, AP011547; Krohnitta pacifica, DQ351879, DQ351891; Mesosagitta decipiens, DQ351881, AP011545; Parasagitta megalophthalma, DQ351878; Parasagitta setose, DQ351900; Parasagitta elegans, Z19551; Paraspadella gotoi, D14362, AY619710; Pseudosagitta lyra, DQ351880; DQ351892; Zonosagitta nagae, AP011545; Pterosagitta draco, DQ351885; Sagitta bipunctata, DQ351894, DQ351890; Serratosagitta tasmanica, DQ351893; Spadella cephaloptera, DQ351884, AY545549; Spadella ledoyeri, DQ351883, DQ351899; Xenokrohnia sorbei, DQ351888; Heterokrohnia davidi, AB617780, AB617781; Heterokrohnia longidentata, AB617782, AB617783; Bathyspadella oxydentata, AB617784, AB617785.
Figure 1 in A new deep-sea benthopelagic chaetognath of the genus Bathyspadella (Chaetognatha) with ecological and molecular phylogenetic remarks
Figure 1. Bathyspadella oxydentata sp. nov.: (A) Dorsal view; (B) dorsal view of head; (C) eye structure (arrow and arrowhead show boundary of eye structure; asterisk indicates the lens of the eye.); (D) seminal receptacle; (E) seminal vesicle; (F) spermatic duct. VG, ventral ganglion; SR, seminal receptacle; SD, spermatic duct; AG, apical grand cell complex; GC, gland canals.
FIG. 4 in A new species of Sagitta (Chaetognatha) from a Laccadive lagoon (Indian Ocean) having fan-shaped anterior teeth: phylogenetical implications
FIG. 4. SEM photographs of Sagitta nairi n. sp. (a±d) and Krohnitta subtilis (e): (a) head armature in ventral view; (b) detail of anterior teeth in ventral view; (c) teeth in lateral view; (d) hooks in dorsal view; (e) right set of teeth in ventral view. at, anterior teeth; m, mouth; pt, posterior teeth; vp, ventral plate. In (a, d) arrows indicate the point of change of the hooks, curve. Scale bars 5 10 mm.
FIG. 1 in A new species of Sagitta (Chaetognatha) from a Laccadive lagoon (Indian Ocean) having fan-shaped anterior teeth: phylogenetical implications
FIG. 1. Sampling location of Sagitta nairi n. sp.: (a) location of Agatti Atoll in the Laccadive Archipelago north of 8ssN; (b) con®guration of the atoll, with depths in metres (modi®ed from Madhupratap et al., 1991).
FIG. 3 in A new species of Sagitta (Chaetognatha) from a Laccadive lagoon (Indian Ocean) having fan-shaped anterior teeth: phylogenetical implications
FIG. 3. Light photographs of Sagitta nairi n. sp.: (a) anterior part of the body; (b, c) two aspects of head and anterior part of trunk; (d, e) diOEerent aspects of the seminal vesicles; (f) eyes. at, anterior teeth; c, collarette; id, intestinal diverticula; pf, posterior ®ns; tf, tail ®n. In (d, e) the limits of the posterior and tail ®ns are indicated by arrows.
FIG. 2 in A new species of Sagitta (Chaetognatha) from a Laccadive lagoon (Indian Ocean) having fan-shaped anterior teeth: phylogenetical implications
FIG. 2. Schematic representation of Sagitta nairi n. sp. in dorsal view. af, anterior ®ns; c, collarette; id, intestinal diverticula; o, ovaries; pf, posterior ®ns; sv, seminal vesicles; tf, tail ®n; vg, ventral ganglion.
Characterization of eyes, photoreceptors and opsins in developmental stages of the arrow worm Spadella cephaloptera (Chaetognatha)
<p>The phylogenetic position of chaetognaths, or arrow worms, has been debated for decades, however recently they have been grouped into the Gnathifera, a sister clade to all other Spiralia. Chaetognath photoreceptor cells are anatomically unique by exhibiting a highly modified cilium and are arranged differently in the eyes of the various species. Studies investigating eye development and underlying gene regulatory networks are so far missing. To gain insights into the development and the molecular toolkit of chaetognath photoreceptors and eyes a new transcriptome of the epibenthic species <em>Spadella cephaloptera</em> was searched for opsins. Our screen revealed two copies of <em>xenopsin</em> and a single copy of <em>peropsin</em>. Gene expression analyses demonstrated that only <em>xenopsin1</em> is expressed in photoreceptor cells of the developing lateral eyes. Adults likewise exhibit two <em>xenopsin1</em>+ photoreceptor cells in each of their lateral eyes. Beyond that, a single <em>cryptochrome</em> gene was uncovered and found to be expressed in photoreceptor cells of the lateral developing eye. In addition, <em>cryptochrome</em> is also expressed in the cerebral ganglia in a region in which also <em>peropsin</em> expression was observed. This condition is reminiscent of a non-visual photoreceptive zone in the apical nervous system of the annelid <em>Platynereis dumerilii</em> that performs circadian entrainment and melatonin release. <em>Cryptochrome</em> is also expressed in cells of the corona ciliata, an organ in the posterior dorsal head region, indicating a role in circadian entrainment. Our study highlights the importance of the Gnathifera for unraveling the evolution of photoreceptors and eyes in Spiralia and Bilateria.</p>
Figure 4 in Checklist of the phyla Platyhelminthes, Xenacoelomorpha, Nematoda, Acanthocephala, Myxozoa, Tardigrada, Cephalorhyncha, Nemertea, Echiura, Brachiopoda, Phoronida, Chaetognatha, and Chordata (Tunicata, Cephalochordata,
Figure 4. The distribution of the number of free-living flatworm (class: Rhabditophora) and Xenacoelomorpha species (A) and Tunicata (B) species along the coasts of Turkey. Each grid has a dimension of 15 × 15 km.
Figure 3. A in Checklist of the phyla Platyhelminthes, Xenacoelomorpha, Nematoda, Acanthocephala, Myxozoa, Tardigrada, Cephalorhyncha, Nemertea, Echiura, Brachiopoda, Phoronida, Chaetognatha, and Chordata (Tunicata, Cephalochordata,
Figure 3. A) Planocera cf. graffi at station 3, B) Prostheceraeus vittatus at station 3, C) Tubulanus superbus at station 1, D) Phoronis australis at station 2, E) Ciona roulei at station 3, F) Polyclinella azemai at station 3 (photographed by ME Çınar).
Figure 2 in A new deep-sea benthopelagic chaetognath of the genus Bathyspadella (Chaetognatha) with ecological and molecular phylogenetic remarks
Figure 2. Teeth and vestibular organs of Bathyspadella oxydentata.
Figure 1 in Checklist of the phyla Platyhelminthes, Xenacoelomorpha, Nematoda, Acanthocephala, Myxozoa, Tardigrada, Cephalorhyncha, Nemertea, Echiura, Brachiopoda, Phoronida, Chaetognatha, and Chordata (Tunicata, Cephalochordata,
Figure 1. Map of the stations where new records of species were found.
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