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7 results for “Chroicocephalus”
Data from: Inter-colony variation in foraging flight characteristics of black-headed gulls Chroicocephalus ridibundus during the incubating period
Using GPS-loggers, we examined the influence of colony, sex, and bird identity on foraging flight characteristics of black-headed gulls <i>Chroicocephalus ridibundus </i>during the incubation period. We studied tracks of 36 individuals breeding in one urban and two rural colonies in Poland. Birds from both rural colonies performed the furthest flights (mean 8-12 km, up to 27 km) foraging mainly in agricultural areas. Gulls from the urban colony performed shorter flights (median 5 km, up to 17 km) visiting mainly urbanized areas and water bodies. We found that females performed longer flights and their flights parameters were less repeatable compared to males. Males from both rural colonies visited water bodies more frequently than females. In all colonies males (but not females) used habitats unproportionally to their availability in the vicinity. Relatively low inter-individual and relatively high intra-individual overlap in home ranges indicated considerable foraging site fidelity. Individuals specialized in the use of particular type of habitat performed shorter foraging flights compared to individuals using diverse habitats during their foraging flights. Our results indicate diverse foraging strategies of black-headed gulls, including generalists that explore various habitats and specialists characterized by high foraging site and habitat fidelity.
Figure 3 in Breeding review of Gray-hooded Gull Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus in Brazil with contributions on nests and egg biometry
Figure 3. (I) Gray-hooded Gull Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus attacking a Great egret Ardea alba in the Ubatuba lagoon; (II) C. cirrocephalus nesting; (III) First C. cirrocephalus nest with an egg inside and other fallen nearby (highlighted by the yellow circle) after predation attempt by Ardea alba; (IV) Second nest with two eggs in the Ubatuba lagoon, at Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park, Quissamã, on the northern coast of the Rio de Janeiro state.
Figure 2 in Breeding review of Gray-hooded Gull Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus in Brazil with contributions on nests and egg biometry
Figure 2. (I) Juvenile of Gray-hooded Gull (Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus) in Visgueiro lagoon, on December 5th, 2019. (II) Adults with breeding plumage on April 14th, 2019. Both images from Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park, in Quissamã, on the northern coast of the Rio de Janeiro state.
Figure 1 in Breeding review of Gray-hooded Gull Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus in Brazil with contributions on nests and egg biometry
Figure 1. Breeding records of the Gray-hooded Gull (Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus) in Brazil. Nests (circles), breeding pairs (triangle), fledging chicks (square).
Data from: Inter-colony variation in foraging flight characteristics of black-headed gulls Chroicocephalus ridibundus during the incubating period
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Brood sex ratio, early chick survival, and cell-mediated immunity measurements for 3 experimental groups of Larus canus and Chroicocephalus ridibundus pairs
<p>Sex allocation theory predicts that parents should adjust their brood sex ratio to maximize fitness returns in relation to parental investment. Adaptive adjustment of sex ratio may be driven by differential costs of rearing sons and daughters or differential benefits of investing limited resources into offspring of different sex. In both cases, possible sex ratio bias should depend on parental condition. For sexually dimorphic birds with males larger than females, sons may be less likely to fledge since they are more vulnerable to food shortages or because they have impaired immunocompetence due to higher testosterone levels. Poor condition females should thus overproduce daughters to minimize possible reproductive failure. We manipulated the number of eggs laid and the amount of food available to laying females to induce differences in the condition in two gull species differing in sexual size-dimorphism. In the Black-headed Gull (<em>Chroicocephalus ridibundus</em>), sexual size differences are marginal, but in the Mew Gull (Larus canus, MG) males are 11% larger. In both species, females forced to lay an additional egg (presumed in worse condition) overproduced daughters, while females receiving supplemental food before laying (presumed improved condition) overproduced sons. This sex ratio skew was larger in MG, species with larger size dimorphism. Chick immunocompetence at hatching was unrelated to sex, being higher in broods of fed mothers and lower for chicks hatched from last-laid eggs. Chick survival between hatching and day 5 post-hatch was positively related to their immunocompetence, but chicks from last-laid eggs and males of the more dimorphic species (MG) survived less well. Results indicate that costs of raising larger sex offspring coupled with parental condition shape brood sex ratio in populations studied. Adaptive brood sex ratio adjustment occurs mostly before egg-laying and includes differential sex allocation in eggs depending on the probability of producing a fledged chick.</p>
Brood sex ratio, early chick survival, and cell-mediated immunity measurements for 3 experimental groups of Larus canus and Chroicocephalus ridibundus pairs
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