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3,457 results for “Chromosomes”
Data from: Sex-specific recombination landscape in a species with holocentric chromosomes
<p>Male and female meiosis typically exhibit significant differences in crossover locations along chromosomes. It has been suggested that higher recombination rates at chromosome centers in females counteract centromere-associated meiotic drivers, increasing their chances of segregating into the oocyte rather than to the non-viable polar bodies. Our research, employing the first sex-specific recombination map for an organism lacking defined centromeres revealed parallel recombination landscapes across the sexes, supporting the meiotic drive hypothesis.</p>
Assembled chromosomes of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni provide insight into the evolution of its ZW sex-determination system
<p><em>Schistosoma mansoni </em>has a diploid genome of approximately 380 MB, organized in 7 pairs of autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes. The original <em>Schistosoma mansoni </em>Genome Project was completed by the Wellcome Sanger Institute in collaboration with The Institute for Genome Research using a Whole Genome Shotgun sequencing strategy. The draft assembly was subsequently improved first by incorporating Illumina reads from a clonal (single-miracidial) infection and more recently by incorporating long PacBio reads, HiC, and optical mapping data.</p> <p>Associated manuscript can be found at https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.13.456314v1</p>
Speciation through chromosomal fusion and fission in Lepidoptera
<p>28 Mai 2020<br> Phylogenetic trees, the chromoSSE script and the input data for the chromoSSE models belonging to the publication "<strong>Speciation through chromosomal fusion and fission in <em>Lepidoptera" </em></strong>doi 10.1098/rstb.2019.0539. For more information, contact jurriaan.devos@unibas.ch or kay.lucek@unibas.ch.</p> <p>The zipped folder "trees" contains three posterior distributions of chronograms for each of 16 genera, based on a sample of 100 trees each.<br> Each tree includes the outgroup taxon, and the ingroup-outgroup split was dated based on one of three strategies:<br> - For the files named GENUS_tmax_pl.tre based on the reported maximum (oldest) age of the reported interval;<br> - For the files named GENUS_tmed_pl.tre based on the reported median age;<br> - For the files named GENUS_tmax_pl.tre based on the reported minimum (youngest) age of the reported interval.<br> Note that the outgroups were pruned prior to diversification rate analysis.<br> The median age files were used as input for the ChromoSSE analysis; all files were used an input for the analyses based on Brownian Motion.</p> <p>The file "chromoSSE.Rev" contains a script that runs the cromoSSE models.<br> Inorder to use this script RevBayes needs to be installed. This can be done by using the link: https://revbayes.github.io/download.<br> It can be run with the command line:<br> $> rb chromoSSE.Rev --args 1<br> As a argument every number between 1 and 16 can be used. And represent a genera:<br> 1 = Colias, 2 = Erebia, 3 = Eunica, 4 = Eurema, 5 = Heliconius, 6 = Ithomia, 7 = Lycaena,<br> 8 = Lysandra, 9 = Memphis, 10 = Morpho, 11 = Oleria, 12 = Papilio, 13 = Pieris,<br> 14 = Polyommatus, 15 = Pteronymia, 16 = Taygetis.<br> The process runs automatically and generates MCMC outputfiles and stores them in the directory "output".<br> Each tree that is analyzed returns three files:<br> -The files named "GENUS.ChromoSSE_anc_statesX.log" logfile of the states;<br> -The files named "GENUS.ChromoSSE_finalX.tree" tree output of the analysis;<br> -The files named "GENUS.ChromoSSE_modelX.log" logfile of the model.<br> The files can be easily accessed by using the software Tracer: https://beast.community/tracer</p> <p>The zipped folder "data" contains input files needed for the chromoSSE analysis.<br> To run each analysis a tree "GENUS.pruned.trees" and a tsv-file "GENUS.pruned.states.tsv" with the number of chromosomes per species is needed.<br> In the trees all species without a chromosom number were excluded.</p>
PB260 chromosome assembly
<p>Chromosome level assembly of <em>Hevea brasiliensis</em> (Mull.Arg.) clone PB260. Obtained in the frame of RUBIS project rubis-project.org</p>
Most bacterial gene families are biased toward specific chromosomal positions
<p><span>The arrangement of genes along bacterial chromosomes influences their expression through growth rate-dependent gene copy number changes during DNA replication. While translation and transcription genes often cluster near the origin of replication, the extent of positional biases across gene families remains unclear. We hypothesized that natural selection broadly favors specific chromosomal positions to optimize growth rate-dependent expression. Analyzing 910 bacterial species and proteomics data from <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, we find that about two-thirds of bacterial gene families are positionally biased, mainly near the origin or terminus of replication, with the strongest natural selection in fast-growing species. Our findings reveal chromosomal positioning as a fundamental mechanism for coordinating gene expression with growth rate, highlighting evolutionary constraints on bacterial genome architecture.</span></p> <p> </p>
NCBI Enterobacteriacea Closed Chromosome sequences
<p>This is a dataset of high-quality complete chromosomes from NCBI which can be used as part of the MOB-suite as a chromosomal DNA depletion strategy to identify plasmids.</p>
DCSsim (simulated) and DCSsub (sub-sampled) ChIP-seq data from different chromosomes.
<p>These data are the results from three independent runs of DCSsim and DCSsub for TF, sharp and broad mark signals in 50:50 regulation scenarios for mm10 chr1, chr8, chr11, chr19 and chrX.</p> <p>Simulated data from DCSsim: simulated_ChIP-seq_data.zip</p> <p>set1: TF 50:50 chr11<br> set4: TF 50:50 chr8<br> set7: TF 50:50 chrX<br> set10: TF 50:50 chr1<br> set22: TF 50:50 chr19</p> <p>set2: Sharp mark 50:50 chr11<br> set5: Sharp mark 50:50 chr8<br> set8: Sharp mark 50:50 chrX<br> set11: Sharp mark 50:50 chr1<br> set23: Sharp mark 50:50 chr19</p> <p>set3: Broad mark 50:50 chr11<br> set6: Broad mark 50:50 chr8<br> set9: Broad mark 50:50 chrX<br> set12: Broad mark 50:50 chr1<br> set24: Broad mark 50:50 chr19</p> <p><br> Sub-sampled data from DCSsub: sub-sampled_ChIP-seq_data.zip</p> <p>Set1: C/EBPa-ChIP-seq 50:50 chr11<br> Set2: C/EBPa-ChIP-seq 50:50 chr8<br> Set3: C/EBPa-ChIP-seq 50:50 chrX<br> Set4: C/EBPa-ChIP-seq 50:50 chr1</p> <p>Set5: H3K27ac-ChIP-seq 50:50 chr11<br> Set6: H3K27ac-ChIP-seq 50:50 chr8<br> Set7: H3K27ac-ChIP-seq 50:50 chrX<br> Set8: H3K27ac-ChIP-seq 50:50 chr1</p> <p>Set9: H3K36me3-ChIP-seq 50:50 chr11<br> Set10: H3K36me3-ChIP-seq 50:50 chr8<br> Set11: H3K36me3-ChIP-seq 50:50 chrX<br> Set12: H3K36me3-ChIP-seq 50:50 chr1</p> <p><br> C/EBPa-ChIP-seq 50:50 chr19 can be found in sub-sampled_ChIP-seq_data.zip of the FRIP data set (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6042902 set8)<br> H3K27ac-ChIP-seq 50:50 chr19 can be found in sub-sampled_ChIP-seq_data.zip of the FRIP data set (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6042902 set9)<br> H3K36me3-ChIP-seq 50:50 chr19 can be found in sub-sampled_ChIP-seq_data.zip of the FRIP data set (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6042902 set10)</p>
A chromosome-level genome resource for studying virulence mechanisms and evolution of the coffee rust pathogen Hemileia vastatrix
<p>Recurrent epidemics of coffee leaf rust, caused by the fungal pathogen <em>Hemileia vastatrix,</em> have constrained the sustainable production of Arabica coffee for over 150 years. The ability of <em>H. vastatrix </em>to overcome resistance in coffee cultivars and evolve new races is inexplicable for a pathogen that supposedly only utilizes clonal reproduction. Understanding the evolutionary complexity between <em>H. vastatrix</em> and its only known host, including determining how the pathogen evolves virulence so rapidly is crucial for disease management. Achieving such goals relies on the availability of a comprehensive and high-quality genome reference assembly. To date, two reference genomes have been assembled and published for <em>H. vastatrix</em> that, while useful, remain fragmented and do not represent chromosomal scaffolds. Here, we present a complete scaffolded pseudochromosome-level genome resource for <em>H. vastatrix </em>strain 178a (Hv178a). Our initial assembly revealed an unusually high degree of gene duplication (over 50% BUSCO basidiomycota_odb10 genes). Upon inspection, this was predominantly due to a single scaffold that itself showed 91.9% BUSCO Completeness. Taxonomic analysis of predicted BUSCO genes placed this scaffold in Exobasidiomycetes and suggests it is a distinct genome, which we have named Hv178a associated fungal genome (Hv178a AFG). The high depth of coverage and close association with Hv178a raises the prospect of symbiosis, although we cannot completely rule out contamination at this time. The main Ca. 546 Mbp Hv178a genome was primarily (97.7%) localised to 11 pseudochromosomes (51.5 Mb N50), building the foundation for future advanced studies of genome structure and organization. Citation: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.29.502101</p>
Supporting data: HiFi chromosome-scale diploid assemblies of the grape rootstocks 110R, Kober 5BB, and 101-14 Mgt
<p>Repository for supporting data to the paper: HiFi chromosome-scale diploid assemblies of the grape rootstocks 110R, Kober 5BB, and 101-14 Mgt</p>
Cohesin and CTCF control the dynamics of chromosome folding
<p>The dataset contains all the tracking data from Mach et al 2022 paper.</p> <p>Each file has the following header:</p> <p>x,y,z: spot coordinate. For dual color imaging, the distance along x,y and z across channels</p> <p>track: track id</p> <p>frame: time frame</p> <p>cell: cell id</p>
Images of article "Sexy ways: the methodical approaches to study plant sex chromosomes"
<p><strong>Figure 1. </strong>Schematic diagram of sex chromosome evolution in dioecious plants. Species are shown according to their level of sex chromosome differentiation and Y chromosome asynapsis. In<em> S. oleracea, A. officinalis</em> and <em>C. papaya</em>, the sex chromosomes are mostly homomorphic with recently formed non-recombining regions (region with suppressed recombination). The non recombining region is largely extended almost to entire chromosomal length in species with heteromorphic sex chromosomes, namely in <em>S. latifolia, R. hastatulus</em> (XY cytotype), <em>R. acetosa, H. lupulus, H. japonicus </em>and<em> M. polymorpha</em>. The position of the centromere, the PAR length and the ratio between X and Y is illustrative. </p> <p><strong>Figure 2.</strong> Laser microdissection as a tool to reduce genome complexity. Sex chromosomes in metaphase are isolated from plant cells (mostly pollen mother cells or root tips) and subsequently spread on a special microscopic slide covered with the membrane. After microdissection, chromosomes are transferred into a tube and processed to other applications. In case of chromosome sorting, the chromosome suspension is stained with a DNA-specific dye and introduced into a flow chamber. Within this chamber, individual chromosomes interact with a laser beam, and the scattered light and emitted fluorescence are measured. Through this process, a histogram of fluorescence intensity (known as a flow karyotype) is generated. Sorting is accomplished by breaking the liquid stream into droplets and electrically charging the droplets containing the chromosomes of interest.</p> <p><strong>Figure 3.</strong> Cytogenetic tools to study sex chromosome origin and evolution. Cytogenetics nowadays combine genomic tools to study repeat fraction including TEs and satellites (a), design unique barcodes to distinguish particular chromosome or chromosomal domain using chromosome oligo-painting probe design (b), and bioinformatic tools to dissect single chromosomes or genome parts (c). The combination of above methods helps to understand sex chromosome evolution regarding their autosomal origin, chromosomal rearrangements, and Y(W) chromosome differentiation. Arrows represent evolutionary steps during sex chromosome divergence (d). The sex chromosome barcoding allows understanding of meiotic pairing which in turn supports chromosomal fusions and inversion/translocations. To chromosomes belong to species with references, from the top to the bottom as follows: <em>S. latifolia </em>Ogre retroelement (Kubat et al., 2014), <em>R. hastatulus</em> XY cytotype satellite Cl135 (Sacchi et al., 2023, Preprint), <em>S. latifolia</em> PAR oligo-painting probe with the subtelomeric satellite X43.1 and centromeric satellite STAR-C (Bačovský et al., 2020), and the same DNA probes on chromosomes in metaphase I in <em>S. latifolia </em>(Bernasconi et al., 2009; Bačovský et al., 2022). </p> <p><strong>Figure 4.</strong> Methodical strategies to assess the function of sex chromosomes in plants. Experimental assays with polyploids (alternatively aneuploids) represent the classical way to determine the role of individual sex chromosomes (a). These assays with plants of various ploidy levels were usually supported by analyses of deletion lines (plants carrying short-chromosomal <br>deletions or microdeletions) (b) that allowed researchers to identify sex-linked regions involved in sex determination and floral development. Modern assays using reverse genetics, such as CRISPR/Cas9, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) or peptide treatment of shoot apical meristem (c) provide direct evidence of the gene function and its contribution to the development <br>of reproductive organs. Parasite infected (d) or chemically induced (e) hermaphrodites from either female or male individuals, e.g. in <em>Silene</em> or kaki, let to the identification of key mechanisms and genes that regulate sexual phenotypes, and to understand the regulatory networks leading to separate sexes. </p>
A comprehensive catalog of exact short tandem repeat regions on autosomes and sex chromosomes of the human genome GRCh38
<p>To obtain a general TR catalog across the human genome, we identified genomic intervals with a stretch of exact repetitions of a DNA motif ranging from 1-6bp on GRCh38 autosomes and sex chromosomes by using STRfinder (v1.0), and each STR region was annotated based on gencode.V38 (https://www.gencodegenes.org/human/release_38.html). To end up, we successfully found 1,233,959 TR intervals, covering 0.783306% (24.2 Mbp) of GRCh38 (https://console.cloud.google.com/storage/browser/_details/genomics-public-data/resources/broad/hg38/v0/Homo_sapiens_assembly38.fasta). </p>
Nuclear Genome Organization in Fungi: From Gene folding to Rabl Chromosomes
<p>We discuss the current knowledge on the fungal genome organization, from the association of chromosomes within the nucleus to topological structures at individual genes and the genetic factors required for the hierarchical organization. Chromosome conformation capture followed by high-throughput sequencing (Hi-C) has elucidated how fungal genomes are globally organized in Rabl configuration where centromere or telomere bundles are associated with opposite faces of the nuclear envelope. Here, we explore the presence, in fungal taxa, of the typical proteins associated with genome organization in eukaryotes.</p>
Supplementary data for the paper "Visual integration of omics data to improve 3D models of fungal chromosomes"
<ul> <li>13 parameter files (*.YML) used by the 3DGB workflow to produce models of 3D genomes.</li> <li>13 3D genomes structures (*.PDB).</li> <li>4 animated GIF of representative structures.</li> <li>1 XLSX file that lists raw (Hi-C and ChIP-seq) data used in this study and the associated analysis.</li> </ul>
Lepidoptera genomics based on 88 chromosomal reference sequences informs population genetic parameters for conservation
<p>This repository contains (1) germline mutations called by the DeepVariant (v1.1.0) pipeline in VCF format; (2) rejected substitution scores calculated by the Genomic Evolutionary Rate Profiling (GERP++) software on each species and chromosome; and (3) the phylogenetic tree used as guide tree in the Cactus alignment.</p>
Fig. 3 in First chromosomal analysis of Gymnorhamphichthys britskii: the remarkable lowest diploid value within the family Rhamphichthyidae (Gymnotiformes)
Fig. 3. Karyotypes of Gymnorhamphichthys britskii arranged a. from Giemsa stained; b. C-banded; and c. after double- FISH with 18S rDNA (red) and 5S rDNA (green) probes.. The NOR-bearing chromosomes (pair 9) are in the box. Note the size heteromorphism involving the NORs detected by the Ag- NOR and 18S rDNA-FISH techniques. Scales bar = 10 µm.
Appendix 1 in Contribution to chromosome numbers and phylogeny of Turkish Vincetoxicum Wolf (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae)
Appendix 1. Locality information, voucher specimens and accession numbers for sequences in GenBank (NCBI) of the examined specimens used for molecular (Mol.) and cytological (Cyt.) studies. Sequences previously published are indicated in brackets (A=Liede-Schumann et al. 2016, B=Liede- Schumann et al. 2012, C=Liede et al. 2002, D=Liede 2001, E=Berner & Carter Unpublished, F=Lahaye et al. 2005, G=Liede & Täuber 2002, H=Goyder et al. 2007, PS=present study).
GC-MS data set for Generation of a chromosome-scale genome assembly of the insect-repellant terpenoid-producing Lamiaceae species, Callicarpa americana
<p>RAW GC/MS data set for characterization of class II terpene synthases from <em>Callicarpa americana </em></p>
Fig. 2. Karyotypes arranged from C-banded chromosomes. a in Contributions to the systematic of Pimelodidae (Osteichthyes, Siluriformes): basic and molecular cytogenetics on seven species of Pimelodus from three Brazilian hydrographic systems
Fig. 2. Karyotypes arranged from C-banded chromosomes. a. Pimelodus absconditus; b. Pimelodus britskii; c. Pimelodus maculatus; d. Pimelodus microstoma; e. Pimelodus mysteriosus; f. Pimelodus ortmanni; g. Pimelodus paranaensis. B chromosomes in the boxes. Scales bar = 10 μm.
Figure 4 in Chromosomal separation of difficult species of Copris Geoffroy, 1762 and Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae), with discussion of O. massai Baraud as a British Pleistocene fossil
Figure 4. Elytral sculpture of Onthophagus fracticornis (a, b) and O. massai (c, d), to show the prominent presetal granules of the interstices in O. fracticornis (white-bordered black arrow) and the prominent perisetal punctures in O. massai (white arrow). a, modern, Šar Planina, Macedonia; b, Bronze Age, Wilsford, Wiltshire, England, age about 4000 years; c, modern, Parco dei Nebrodi, Sicily; d, Last Interglacial, Trafalgar Square, London, age about 120,000 years.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.